Chiwonongeko ndi ndondomeko ya bits . Mu mawebusaiti a makompyuta, zizindikiro zina zamagetsi zimatumiza ndi kulandira deta mwa mawonekedwe a zochitika. Izi zimatchedwa machitidwe otchulidwa mwachindunji . Zitsanzo za mapulogalamu ofotokozera amphatikizapo TCP / IP ndi telnet .
Kukonzekera kumene maulendo akugwiritsidwa ntchito pulogalamu yachinsinsi yovomerezeka yachinsinsi imatchedwa dongosolo lachonde lachinsinsi . Kukula kwakukulu kwa chigawo chimodzi chotumizira mautumikiwa, Chigawo Chachikulu Chokutumiza (MTU) , chimayanjananso ndi bytes. Olemba pulogalamu amatha nthawi zonse kugwira ntchito ndi makina ochezera makanema ndi ma MTU.
Zolembazo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzithunzi, komanso makompyuta a disks, memory, ndi central processing unit (CPUs). Muzinthu zamakono zamakono zamakono, oteti ali ndi mabedi asanu ndi atatu. Ochepa (omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kusokonekera) makompyuta angagwiritse ntchito zolemba zosiyana siyana pazinthu zina.
Mndandanda wa zochitika m'madera ena a kompyuta sizingathenso kulumikiza makina ozungulira. Gawo la ntchito yochezera mauthenga a makompyuta ndikutembenuzira pakati pa makina oyendetsera katundu ndi makina ochezera.