Kusiyana pakati pa chiwonongeko ndi chitetezo
Choyamba, kodi wowononga ndi chiyani?
Mawu akuti "owopsa" angatanthauze zinthu ziwiri zosiyana:
- Winawake yemwe ali wabwino kwambiri pa mapulogalamu a pakompyuta, mawebusaiti, kapena ntchito zina zamakompyuta zomwe zimagwirizana ndipo amakonda kugawana chidziwitso chawo ndi anthu ena
- Wina yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito luso lawo lapakompyuta ndi chidziwitso kuti apeze mwayi wosaloledwa kwa machitidwe, makampani, maboma, kapena ma intaneti, kuti athetse mavuto, kuchedwa, kapena kusowa.
Chimene anthu ambiri amaganiza akamva mawu akuti & # 34; hacker & # 34;
Mawu akuti "owopsa" samabweretsa maganizo abwino kwa anthu ambiri. Tanthauzo lodziwika bwino lonena za munthu wochita zoipa ndi munthu amene amapanga mwachindunji machitidwe kapena mauthenga kuti apatsidwe chidziwitso kapena kupangitsa chisokonezo kukhala mndandanda wa cholinga chodziletsa. Anthu ophwanya malamulo nthawi zambiri sagwirizana ndi kuchita zabwino; Ndipotu, mawu oti "owopsa" nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana ndi "chigawenga" kwa anthu onse. Awa ndi ovina achikuda kapena "osokoneza", anthu omwe timamva nawo pa nkhani akupanga chisokonezo ndi kukokera pansi. Iwo amalowetsa mwachinyengo mabungwe otetezeka ndi zolakwitsa zolakwika zawo zokha (komanso kawirikawiri zosangalatsa).
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ododometsa
Komabe, m'mudzi wowonongeka, pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa magulu omwe anthu ambiri sakudziwa. Pali osokoneza omwe amapita ku machitidwe omwe samawaononga, omwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna chidwi cha anthu pamtima. Anthu awa ndi ovina achizungu, kapena " osokoneza bwino ." Osoka achikuda ndi anthu omwe amathyola machitidwe kuti afotokoze zofooka kapena kuonetsetsa chifukwa. Zolinga zawo sizikutanthauza kuti ziwonongeke koma kuti azichita ntchito zapagulu.
Kukopa ngati ntchito ya anthu
Osewera achikuda amadziwikanso amakhalidwe abwino a hackers; iwo ndi onyoza omwe akugwira ntchito kuchokera mkati mwa kampani, ndi chidziwitso chokwanira ndi kampaniyo, omwe amanyalanyaza ndi makina a kampani kuti apeze zolakwika ndikupereka malipoti awo kwa kampani. Osekedwa ambiri a chipewa choyera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe enieni otetezera makompyuta, monga Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC). Monga tafotokozera pa webusaiti yawo, "akatswiri odziwa za chitetezo cha CSC oposa 1,000, kuphatikizapo 40 othawikirapo," akuthandizira ku Ulaya, North America, Australia, Africa ndi Asia. Ntchito zimaphatikizapo kukambirana, zomangamanga ndi kuphatikiza, kufufuza ndi kuwunika , kutumizidwa ndi ntchito, ndi maphunziro.
Kutumizidwa kwa anthu amakhalidwe abwino kuti ayese kusokonezeka kwa makompyuta ndi imodzi mwa njira zambiri CSC ingathandizire makasitomala kuthana ndi zoopseza zotetezeka. "Akatswiriwa a chitetezo cha cyber amayang'ana zolakwika m'dongosolo ndikukonzekera iwo asanayambe kuwagwiritsa ntchito.
Bonasi Kuphwanya Tip: Anthu ena akugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuti asonyeze chifukwa cha ndale kapena zachikhalidwe zomwe zimayambitsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ' hacktivism .'
Kupeza ntchito ngati wowononga
Ngakhale osokoneza chipewa choyera sichidziwikiratu momwe ayenera kukhalira, makampani ambiri akuyang'ana anthu omwe angakhalebe patsogolo kwa anthu omwe atsimikiza kuti abweretse machitidwe awo. Pogwiritsa ntchito ovina achizungu, makampani ali ndi mwayi wotsutsana. Ngakhale kuti pulogalamu yamakonoyi idakonzedwanso kale, anthu ambiri onyoza tsopano ali ndi ntchito zofunikira kwambiri komanso zolipira kwambiri ndi mabungwe, maboma, ndi mabungwe ena.
N'zoona kuti sizitsulo zonse zotetezedwa, koma ngati makampani amapanga anthu omwe amatha kuwaona asanakhale otsutsa, ndiye kuti theka la nkhondo lapambana kale. Osewera achikuda amatha kugwira ntchito zawo chifukwa osokoneza chipewa-wakuda sangaleke kuchita zomwe akuchita. Chisangalalo cha machitidwe olowera ndi kulepheretsa ma intaneti ndikusangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo ndithudi, chidwi cha nzeru sichingafanane. Awa ndi anthu anzeru kwambiri omwe alibe makhalidwe abwino ofunafuna komanso kuwononga makompyuta. Makampani ambiri omwe amapanga chirichonse ndi makompyuta amadziwa izi ndipo akutenga njira zoyenera zotetezera kuti zisawonongeke, kutuluka, kapena kusokonezeka kwina kwa chitetezo.
Zitsanzo za oseketsa otchuka
Black Hat
Osadziwika : Gulu la osokoneza lomwe likuphatikizidwa kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi, ndi mfundo zokambirana pamabwalo osiyanasiyana a mauthenga pa intaneti ndi maofesi ochezera a pa Intaneti. Iwo amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha khama lawo lolimbikitsa kusamvera malamulo ndi / kapena chisokonezo kupyolera mu kulemekeza ndi kusokoneza mawebusaiti osiyanasiyana, kunyalanyaza mazunzo, komanso kusindikiza pazinthu zaumwini.
Jonathan James : Wachidwi chifukwa chodziwombera ku Chitetezo Chothandizira Kuteteza Chitetezo ndi kuba pulogalamu ya pulogalamu.
Adrian Lamo : Amadziwika kuti alowetsa mabungwe ambiri apamwamba, kuphatikizapo Yahoo , New York Times, ndi Microsoft kuti agwiritse ntchito zolakwika za chitetezo.
Kevin Mitnick : Woweruzidwa milandu yambiri ya milandu yakuphwanya malamulo pambuyo poti akuluakulu aboma athamangitsidwa kwambiri athamangitsidwa zaka ziwiri ndi theka. Atatumikira nthawi kundende ya federal chifukwa cha zochita zake, Mitnick adayambitsa ndondomeko ya chitetezo cha cyber kuthandiza mabungwe ndi mabungwe kukhalabe otetezeka.
White Hat
Tim Berners-Lee : Wodziwika bwino popanga Webusaiti Yadziko lonse , HTML , ndi URL .
Vinton Cerf : Amadziwika kuti "bambo wa intaneti", Cerf yathandiza kwambiri popanga intaneti ndi Webusaiti pamene tikuigwiritsa ntchito lero.
Dan Kaminsky : Katswiri wodziwika kwambiri wotetezeka omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri pa ntchito yake pofukula machenjezo a Sony BMG a rootkit scandal.
Ken Thompson : Co-created UNIX, njira yogwiritsira ntchito, ndi C machinenero chinenero.
Donald Knuth : Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri pazinthu zamakompyuta ndi sayansi yamakono.
Larry Wall : Mlengi wa PERL, chilankhulo chapamwamba chophunzitsira chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Otsutsa: osati nkhani yakuda kapena yoyera
Ngakhale zambiri zomwe timamva zokhudza nkhaniyi zimachokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zolinga zolakwika, pali anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi luso komanso odzipatulira omwe akugwiritsa ntchito luso lawo lothawa. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwake.