Zosintha zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Gawo 2 lachitsanzo cha OSI pamene ogwiritsira ntchito mauthenga akugwira ntchito pa Gawo 3. Izi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa chisokonezo pa ndondomeko ndi cholinga cha kusintha kwa Gawo 3 (lotchedwa multilayer switch).
Chosintha 3 ndi chipangizo chapadera cha hardware chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti. Kusintha kwasintha 3 kumakhala kofanana kwambiri ndi oyendetsa miyambo, osati maonekedwe enieni. Onse awiri akhoza kuthandizira machitidwe omwewo, kuyendera mapepala omwe akubwera ndikupanga zisankho zogwiritsira ntchito njira zomwe zimachokera kumalo ndi malo omwe akupita.
Chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa Gawo 3 kusinthana pa router chiri mu njira zoyendetsera njira zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusintha kwaseri 3 sikungathe kukhala ndi latency latetezera chifukwa mapaketi samasowa kuti apange njira zowonjezera kudzera mu router.
Cholinga cha Gawo 3 Kusintha
Kusintha kwaseri 3 kunapangidwa ngati teknoloji yopititsa patsogolo njira zogwirira ntchito pa malo akuluakulu a m'deralo (LANs) monga intranets za makampani.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa masinthidwe a Layer 3 ndi routers kumakhala mkati mwa hardware internals. Chojambulira mkati mwa kusintha kwa Gawo 3 kumagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa miyambo ndi ma routers, m'malo mwa ena a logter logistic logic ndi integrated circuit hardware kuti apereke bwino kwa ma intaneti.
Kuonjezera apo, pokonzedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa intranets, kusintha kwa Gawo 3 sikudzakhala ndi ma doko a WAN ndi makonde ambiri a malo omwe amatha kuyendetsa.
Kusintha kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuthandizira kuyenda pakati pa ma LAN (VLAN). Mapindu a Gawo 3 makina a VLAN amaphatikizapo:
- Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa maulendo owonetsa
- Kusungidwa kwa chitetezo chosavuta
- Kulimbitsa vuto lodzipatula
Momwe Gawo Lachitatu Linasinthira Ntchito
Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kumayendetsa magalimoto pakati pa mapepala ake enieni malinga ndi maadiresi enieni ( ma CD ) a zipangizo zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusintha kwachigawo 3 kumagwiritsa ntchito kuthekera pamene mukuyendetsa magalimoto mkati mwa LAN.
Amawonjezera pa izi pogwiritsira ntchito mauthenga a IP kuti apange zisankho pakuyendetsa magalimoto pakati pa LAN. Mosiyana, kusintha kwachindunji 4 kumagwiritsanso ntchito manambala a phukusi la TCP kapena UDP .
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Gawo 3 Sinthani ndi VLAN
LAN iliyonse yowonjezera iyenera kulowetsedwa ndi mapu-mapu pamsinkhu. Kutsatsa magawo a VLAN mawonekedwe onse ayenera kufotokozedwa.
Zosintha zina 3 zimagwiritsa ntchito DHCP chithandizo chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti igawire ma intaneti pazipangizo mkati mwa VLAN. Mwinanso, dera lakunja la DHCP lingagwiritsidwe ntchito, kapena ma sitesi a IP akuyang'aniridwa mosiyana.
Nkhani Zili ndi Gawo 3 Kusintha
Kusintha kwachinthu 3 kumagula zambiri kuposa kusintha kwachibadwa koma osachepera otsogolera. Kukonzekera ndi kupereka makinawa ndi ma VLAN amafunanso kuyesetsa kwina.
Kugwiritsa ntchito masinthidwe a Layer 3 kumangokhala malo ozungulira intranet okhala ndi zikwanira zokwanira zogwiritsira ntchito ndi magalimoto. Mafoni a panyumba nthawi zambiri alibe kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi. Kusagwira ntchito kwa WAN, kusintha kwasinthana 3 sikuli m'malo mwa oyendetsa.
Kutchulidwa kwamasinthidwewa kumachokera ku ndondomeko ya OSI chitsanzo, momwe gawo lachitatu likudziwika ngati Network Layer. Mwamwayi, njira yophunzitsira imeneyi sizimveka bwino kusiyanitsa kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa makampani. Kulemba dzina kunayambitsa chisokonezo chachikulu pamsika.