Mchitidwe wa OSI umatanthawuzira kugwirizanitsa potsata ndondomeko yowona ya magawo asanu ndi awiri. Zithunzi zapamwamba za OSI zimapanga mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mautumiki apakompyuta monga ma encryption and connection management. Zithunzi za m'munsizi za OSI zimagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zakuthupi monga kuyendetsa, kulumikiza ndi kuyendetsa. Deta yonse yomwe imadutsa kugwirizana kwa intaneti imadutsamo gawo limodzi la magawo asanu ndi awiri.
Mchitidwe wa OSI unayambitsidwa mu 1984. Wopangidwa kukhala chinthu chosadziwika ndi chida chophunzitsira, chitsanzo cha OSI chikhale chida chothandiza kuphunzira za matekinoloje a lero monga Ethernet ndi ma protocol monga IP . OSI imasungidwa monga muyezo ndi International Standards Organization.
Kutuluka kwa OSI Model
Kuyankhulana kwadongosolo mu njira ya OSI kumayambira ndi choyika pamwamba pa phokoso pambali yotumizira, kumapita pansi pamtengo kupita kwa wosanjikiza wotsikirapo pansi (pansi), ndiye amayendayenda pang'onopang'ono kugwiritsira ntchito makina ochezera pansi pambali yolandirira, ndi pamwamba pake OSI stack model.
Mwachitsanzo, Internet Protocol (IP) ikugwirizana ndi gawo la OSI lachitsanzo, gawo lachitatu (kuwerengera kuchokera pansi). TCP ndi UDP zimagwirizana ndi OSI yosanjikiza 4, yosanjikiza Transport. Zithunzi zochepa zazithunzi za OSI zikuyimiridwa ndi matekinoloje monga Ethernet. Zigawo zapamwamba za mtundu wa OSI zimayimilidwa ndi ndondomeko zamagwiritsidwe ntchito monga TCP ndi UDP.
Zigawo Zisanu ndi ziwiri za OSI Model
Zigawo zitatu za pansi pa OSI Model zimatchulidwa kuti Media Layers, pamene zigawo zinayi zapamwamba ndizowonjezera. Zigawo zafika kuyambira 1 mpaka 7 kuyambira pansi. Zigawo ndi:
- Chotsatira chachitsulo (chingwe 7) - Network Process to Application. Mapulogalamu oterewa akugwiritsira ntchito deta yomwe imalandira kuchokera ku Pulogalamu ya Kuwonetsera yomwe ili yofunikira ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito kapena yotsiriza yomwe imalandira. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo osakatula, SMTP, HTTP, ndi FTP. Kujambula kumeneku kumapanganso zomwe ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso ku Layer Layer.
- Mndandanda wosanjikiza (wosanjikiza 6) - Kuimira Deta ndi Kuyimitsa, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa maonekedwe. Ganizirani za wosanjikiza ngati womasulira. Zitsanzo ndi ASCII, TIFF, JPEG, MIDI, ndi MPEG.
- Gawo losanjikiza (wosanjikiza 5) - Interhost Communication. Zisudzozi zimayang'anira mitundu yambiri ya mauthenga ndi kutumiza deta kumabwalo okongola, kuphatikizapo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito NFS ndi SQL.
- Zosungira zamtundu (wosanjikiza 4) - Kutsiriza-mpaka-Kutsiriza Connections ndi Kukhulupirika. Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, kusanjikiza kumeneku kumasuntha deta kudutsa mauthenga a intaneti, nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito TCP. Ikuthandizanso kuti zolakwika zithetsedwe komanso kubwezeretsanso.
- Mzere wosanjikiza (wosanjikiza 3) - Njira yokhazikika, IP, ndi Routing. Dongosolo lachitatu la malemba monga mapaketi. Imatsogolera deta ku njira yolondola yolondola.
- Mzere wosanjikiza wa deta (wosanjikiza 2) - Izi ndizovuta kwambiri pazithunzi za OSI, ndipo nthawi zina zimagawidwa mu magawo awiri: imodzi yowunikira mauthenga komanso imodzi yokhazikika.
- Zosanjikiza (wosanjikiza 1) - Media, Signal ndi Binary Transmission. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo zikhomo, zobwereza, ndi makina a Ethernet. Deta imatumizidwa ndi magetsi a magetsi, maulendo a wailesi, mafilimu kapena kuwala.
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