M'makompyuta ochezera mauthenga, kuyembekezera zapadera kumaimira makonzedwe apakompyuta. Nkhaniyi imayambitsa ndondomeko zopanda pake za kugwirizanitsa.
Topology mu Network Design
Ganizirani za chipolopolo monga mawonekedwe kapena mawonekedwe a intaneti. Chithunzichi sichikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe enieni a zipangizo pa intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, makompyuta omwe ali pamakina a nyumba akhoza kukonzedwa mu bwalo mu chipinda cha banja, komabe sizingatheke kupeza mndandanda wa mphete pamenepo.
Kupepesa kwadongosolo kumagawidwa m'magulu ofunika awa:
- basi
- kumveka
- nyenyezi
- mtengo
- mesh
Mabungwe ovuta kwambiri angamangidwe monga hybrids a ziwiri kapena kuposa za pamwambazi zikuluzikulu zapemphero.
Masewera a Basi
Mabasi omangamanga (osasokonezedwa ndi basi ya kompyuta) amagwiritsanso ntchito msana wamba kuti agwirizanitse zipangizo zonse. Chingwe chimodzi, msana umagwira ntchito ngati njira yoyankhulana yogwirizana yomwe zipangizo zimagwirizanitsa kapena zimalowetsa ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe. Chida chofuna kulankhulana ndi chipangizo china pa intaneti chimatumiza uthenga wofalitsa pa waya kuti zipangizo zina zonse ziwone, koma wolandirayo yekhayo amalandira ndipo akupanga uthengawo.
Kukhululukidwa kwa mabasi a Ethernet ndi kosavuta kukhazikitsa ndipo sikufunikanso kanyumba kakang'ono poyerekeza ndi njira zina. 10Base-2 ("ThinNet") ndi 10Base-5 ("ThickNet") onsewa anali otchuka kwambiri pa Ethernet makasitomala zaka zambiri zapitazo chifukwa cha kuyembekezera mabasi. Komabe, makanema a mabasi amayenda bwino ndi zingapo zingapo zamagetsi. Ngati makompyuta oposa khumi ndi awiri akuwonjezeredwa pa basi lamagetsi, mavuto amtunduwu akhoza kuwonekera. Komanso, ngati chingwe cham'mbuyo chimatha, makompyuta onse amakhala osatheka.
Chitsanzo: Chithunzi cha Bus Topology
Zojambulajambula zamakono
Mu makina a mphete, chipangizo chilichonse chiri ndi malo awiri oyandikana nawo. Mauthenga onse amayenderera mu mphete mofanana (mwina "mofanana ndi" kapena "mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe"). Kulephera pa chingwe chilichonse kapena chipangizo chimathetsa chipikacho ndipo chimatha kutulutsa makina onse.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito makina a mphete, wina amagwiritsira ntchito chipangizo cha FDDI, SONET , kapena Token Ring . Kupepesa kwapakati kumapezeka m'maofesi ena a nyumba kapena kusukulu.
Chitsanzo: Chithunzi cha Ring Topology
Nthano zapamwamba za nyenyezi
Mabungwe ambiri apanyumba amagwiritsira ntchito topology nyenyezi. Nthanda ya nyenyezi imakhala ndi malo oyanjanitsa omwe amatchedwa "nthiti" yomwe ikhoza kukhala kachipangizo kakompyuta , kusintha kapena router . Zipangizo zimagwirizanitsa ku chipinda chokhala ndi Ethernet ya Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP).
Poyerekeza ndi kuyerekezera kwa basi, nyenyezi yamakono imasowa chingwe china, koma kulephera kwa makina amtundu wa nyenyezi kumangotenga makompyuta amtundu wina koma osati LAN yonse. (Ngati nthitiyi ikulephera, komabe ukonde wonse umalephera.)
Chitsanzo: Chithunzi cha Star Topology
Zojambulajambula za Mtengo
Chipolopolo cha mtengo chimagwirizanitsa zokhudzana ndi nyenyezi zambiri pamodzi pa basi. Mwa njira yake yosavuta, zipangizo zokhazokha zimagwirizanitsa basi pa basi basi, ndipo mbali iliyonse imagwira ntchito monga muzu wa mtengo wa zipangizo. Njirayi yowonjezera basi / nyenyezi imathandiza kuti pakhale kukula kwazako kuposa mabasi (osachepera chiwerengero cha zipangizo chifukwa cha mauthenga omwe amachititsa) kapena nyenyezi (yoperewera ndi chiwerengero cha mfundo zozunzikirapo) zokha.
Chitsanzo: Chithunzi cha Topological Tree
Masewero a Masikiti
Tchalitchi chopanda matope chimayambitsa lingaliro la misewu. Mosiyana ndi zonse zomwe zidakalipo kale, mauthenga omwe amatumizidwa pa intaneti angatenge njira iliyonse yomwe ingatheke kuchokera kumalo omwe amapita. (Kumbukirani kuti ngakhale mu mphete, ngakhale kuti pali njira ziwiri zamakono, mauthenga akhoza kungoyenda njira imodzi.) WAN ena, makamaka Intaneti, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zochezera.
Maseti omwe amatumizira makina onsewa amatchedwa mesh. Monga momwe tawonetsera mu fanizo ili m'munsiyi, makompyuta amtundu wazing'ono amakhalaponso pamene zipangizo zina zimagwirizanitsa mwachindunji kwa ena.
Chitsanzo: Chithunzi cha Mesh Topology
Chidule
Sayansi ya sayansi imakhalabe gawo lofunika kwambiri pazithunzi zopanga makina. Mwinamwake mukhoza kumanga nyumba kapena makompyuta amtundu wamakampani popanda kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa kukonza basi ndi nyenyezi, koma kudziŵa zochitika zamakono zimakupatsani kumvetsetsa bwino mfundo zofunikira zogwirizanitsa mauthenga monga ma hubs, mauthenga, ndi misewu.