Maofesi ambirimbiri osiyana siyana apangidwa kuti athandizidwe kuyankhulana pakati pa makompyuta ndi zipangizo zina zamagetsi. Zomwe zimatchedwa zizoloŵezi zowonongeka ndi banja la mapulogalamu amtunduwu omwe amathandiza makompyuta kuti azitha kulankhulana komanso kuti apitirize kuyendetsa magalimoto pakati pa magulu awo. Malamulo omwe akufotokozedwa pansipa amathandiza kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yovuta kwambiri.
Momwe Ma protocols Akuthandizira
Njira iliyonse yothandizira makompyuta imagwira ntchito zitatu zofunika:
- kupeza - pezani ena oyendetsa pa intaneti
- kuyendetsa njira - samalani zonse zomwe mungathe (kwa mauthenga a pa intaneti) pamodzi ndi deta yonena za njira ya aliyense
- Kutsata njira - pangani zisankho zogwira mtima za komwe mungatumizire uthenga uliwonse
Mapulogalamu ochepa omwe amachititsa kuti mayendedwe amtunduwu akhale otsogolera kuti apange mapepala onse omwe amachititsa kuti malo ogwiritsira ntchito awonongeke.
01 ya 05
RIP
Ofufuza anapeza Routing Information Protocol m'zaka za m'ma 1980 kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pazithunzithunzi zazing'ono zomwe zimagwirizana ndi intaneti. RIP ikhoza kuyendetsa mauthenga pamtunda mpaka makilomita okwana 15.
Ofufuza a RIP amatha kupeza chingwecho poyamba kutumiza uthenga wopempha matebulo a router ku zipangizo zoyandikana nawo. Mayendedwe oyandikana nawo akuyendetsa RIP atayankha mwa kutumiza matebulo odzaza zonse kumbuyo kwa wopemphayo, pomwe wopemphayo akutsatira ndondomeko yowonjezeramo kuti aphatikize zonsezi zowonjezera patebulo lake. Pa nthawi yokhazikika, oyendetsa RIP nthawi ndi nthawi amatumiza matebulo awo kwa anansi awo kuti kusintha kulikonse kungafalitsidwe pa intaneti.
Chikhalidwe cha RIP chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu a IPv4 okha, komabe malamulo atsopano a RIPng amathandizanso IPv6 . RIP imagwiritsa ntchito madoko a UDP 520 kapena 521 (RIPng) chifukwa cha kuyankhulana kwake.
02 ya 05
OSPF
Tsegulani Njira Yochepa Kwambiri Choyamba chinalengedwera kuthana ndi zofooka zake za RIP kuphatikizapo
- kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuwerengera
- kulephera kupanga magulu kuti akhale otsogolera otsogolera, zofunikira kuti zitheke komanso zogwira ntchito pazitali zazikulu zamkati
- zovuta zamagetsi zamtunduwu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kubwezeretsa matebulo odzaza mobwerezabwereza pafupipafupi.
Monga momwe dzina limatanthawuzira, OSPF ndiyomwe anthu amavomerezedwa poyera komanso kufalitsa ana ambiri pamsika. Otsogolera oSPF amapezera maukonde potumiza mauthenga ozindikiritsana wina ndi mzake motsogoleredwa ndi mauthenga omwe amatenga zinthu zina zowonongeka m'malo mwa tebulo lonse. Ndichochokha chokha chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu gulu ili.
03 a 05
EIGRP ndi IGRP
Cisco inakhazikitsa Pulogalamu Yogwiritsira Ntchito Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Njira Zapadera monga njira ina yopita ku RIP. Cholinga cha New Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) chinapangitsa kuti IGRP isagwire ntchito kuyambira m'ma 1990. EIGRP imathandizira mapulogalamu opanda pake a IP ndipo imapangitsa kuti njira zowonongeka zitheke poyerekeza ndi IGRP yakale. Sichikuthandizira maulendo achilendo, monga RIP. Choyambirira chinalengedwa ngati chovomerezeka chokwanira pazinthu za banja la Cisco. EIGRP inapangidwa ndi zolinga zosavuta kusintha ndi ntchito yabwino kuposa OSPF.
04 ya 05
IS-IS
Njira Yapakati yopita ku Intermediate System protocol ikugwira ntchito mofanana ndi OSPF. Ngakhale kuti OSPF inasankhidwa kwambiri, IS-IS yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi opereka chithandizo omwe apindula ndi ma protocol omwe angasinthe mosavuta malo awo apadera. Mosiyana ndi mapulogalamu ena m'gulu lino, IS-IS siyendetsa pa Internet Protocol (IP) ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito njira yake yochezera.
05 ya 05
BGP ndi EGP
Border Gateway Protocol ndi intaneti ya External Gateway Protocol (EGP). BGP imasintha zosinthidwa pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza matebulo ndikusankha zomwezo kusintha kwa maulendo ena pa TCP / IP .
Othandiza pa intaneti amagwiritsa ntchito BGP kuti agwirizane ndi magulu awo pamodzi. Kuonjezerapo, bizinesi yayikulu nthawi zina amagwiritsanso ntchito BGP kuti agwirizane pamodzi ndi ma intaneti ambiri. Akatswiri amaganiza kuti BGP ndiyo njira zovuta kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito njira zowonongeka chifukwa cha kusinthika kwake.