MacOS: Ndi Chiyani Ndi Zatsopano?

Amphaka akulu ndi malo otchuka: Mbiri ya MacOS ndi OS X

MacOS ndi dzina latsopano kwambiri la machitidwe opangidwa ndi Unix omwe amayendetsa pa ma hardware a Mac, kuphatikizapo maofesi ndi zojambula. Ndipo ngakhale kuti dzinali ndilo latsopano, zida ndi mphamvu za Mac Mac OS ali ndi mbiri yakale, monga mukuwerengera apa.

Macintosh inayamba moyo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yogwiritsira ntchito yotchedwa System, yomwe inatulutsa Mabaibulo a System 1 mpaka 7. M'chaka cha 1996, dongosololi linatulutsidwa monga Mac OS 8, lomasuliridwa ndi Mac OS 9, lomwe linatulutsidwa mu 1999.

Apple inkafunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zothandizira Mac OS 9 ndi kutenga Macintosh m'tsogolo , kotero mu 2001, Apple inamasula OS X 10.0; Cheetah, chifukwa ankadziwika bwino. OS X inali OS yatsopano, yomangidwa pa kernel yofanana ndi Unix, yomwe inachititsa kuti pulogalamu yamakono yowonongeka, yotetezedwa, komanso yogwiritsira ntchito zomwe zingathe kukula ndi teknolojia yatsopano yomwe Apulo ankayang'ana.

Mu 2016, Apple adasintha dzina la OS X ku macOS, kuti adziwe dzina la mawonekedwe a Apple ndi zina zonse za Apple ( iOS , WatchOS , ndi TVOS ). Ngakhale kuti dzina limasintha, macOS amakhalabe ndi mizu yake ya Unix, ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito komanso zinthu zina.

Ngati mwakhala mukudabwa ndi mbiri ya macOS, kapena pamene zinthu zinawonjezeredwa kapena kuchotsedwa, werengani kuti muyang'ane mmbuyo mu 2001, pamene OS X Cheetah adayambitsidwa, ndipo phunzirani zomwe njira iliyonse yotsatirayi ikubweretsera.

01 pa 14

MacOS High Sierra (10.13.x)

Tsiku loyamba kumasulidwa: Nthawi zina kumapeto kwa 2017; pakali pano .

Mtengo: Free download (imafuna kupeza Mac Mac Store).

Cholinga chachikulu cha MacOS High Sierra chinali kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ndi kukhazikika kwa nsanja ya macOS. Koma izi sizinalepheretse Apple kuwonjezera zatsopano ndi kusintha kwa machitidwe.

• APFS: Apple File System (APFS) kwenikweni si yatsopano; izo poyamba zinkaphatikizidwa mu MacOS Sierra. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti alowe mu MacOS High Sierra chofunika ndikuti tsopano APFS mafayilo dongosolo ndi osasintha; izi zisanachitike, zinkangopezeka ngati njira ina. Ngakhale kuti APFS tsopano ndi yachizolowezi, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito maofesi akuluakulu a HFS +, ngati mukufuna.
• HEVC: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mapulogalamu Otchuka Kulimbitsa Thupi (HEVC) ndiyeso yatsopano yophatikizirapo yomwe imapereka kupambana kwabwino kuposa H.264, zosasinthika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale m'ma macOS.
• Chitsulo 2: Makina atsopano a mafilimu amapatsa opanga ma Mac kuti ayang'anire mwachindunji ma unit omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma Mac. Kuchotsa kufunika kokhala ndi mapulogalamu oyenerera kuti awonetse zithunzizo ziyenera kulola omvera kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito zowonongeka. Metal 2 imathandizanso kuti GPUs igwiritsidwe ntchito mofulumira makina kuphunzira, kutsegula mphamvu zatsopano kwa mapulogalamu ndi mapulogalamu awo. Ndipo ngati khadi yanu yamakono yamakono ilibe mphamvu, Metal 2 imathandiza makadi ojambula zithunzi omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi Thunderbolt 3.
• Safari: Msakatuli wotsegulira, Safari akuwona luso lamakono loyambitsidwa, kuphatikizapo Intelligent Tracking Prevention kutetezera zachinsinsi ndikukulolani kuti mudziwe momwe chinsinsi chimagwiritsidwira ntchito pa malo onse ndi malo. Kuwonjezera apo, Safari imapeza mphamvu yodziletsa mavidiyo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe zilipo panopa kuti zisawononge mavidiyo.
• Zithunzi: Zithunzi zimapeza zida zatsopano, kuphatikizapo sidebar yotsalira, kusintha kwa zithunzi zamoyo, ndi gulu la Memory pokukonzerani zithunzi zanu. Palinso kuwunikira kwa nkhope, zowonongeka zatsopano, ndi zida zatsopano zosinthira za Curve ndi Selective Color.

02 pa 14

MacOS Sierra (10.12.x)

Tsiku loyamba kumasulidwa: September 20, 2016

Mtengo: Free download (imafuna kupeza Mac Mac Store)

MacOS Sierra inali yoyamba ya machitidwe ambiri opangira macos. Cholinga chachikulu cha dzinacho chinasintha kuchokera ku OS X kupita ku MacOS chinali kugwirizanitsa ma apulogalamu opangira maina a Apple mu msonkhano wolemba dzina limodzi: iOS, tvOS, watchOS, ndi tsopano macOS. Kuphatikiza pa kusintha kwa dzina, Sierra MacOS anabweretsa ndi zida zatsopano zatsopano ndi zosintha ku mautumiki omwe alipo.

• Siri: Siri akhoza kukhala uthenga wabwino kwa abwenzi a iOS, koma MacOS Sierra ndi nthawi yoyamba Siri adagwira Mac . Wothandizira wodalirika amapezeka kuchokera ku Dock ndi Menu Bar, komanso kuchokera ku njira yachinsinsi. Ndi ntchito yaying'ono ndi wogwiritsira ntchito, Siri angapangidwe kuti ayankhe mwachindunji malamulo a mawu popanda kufunsa koyamba pulogalamu ya Siri.
• APFS: Apple idaphatikizapo chithunzi cha Apple File System monga gawo la MacOS Sierra. APFS sinasinthidwe mwachisawawa, ndipo panalibenso mapulogalamu ena osati a Terminal omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito polumikizana ndi mawonekedwe atsopano. Zotsatira zake, anthu ochepa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Mac ankadziwa kuti njira yatsopano yamakono yamakono inalipo pakhomo pawo.
• Usiku Usiku: Kusintha kwa usiku kunayikidwa ku MacOS Sierra ndi kutulutsa 10.12.4. Zimatsanzira mbali yomwe imapezeka mu iOS yomwe imalola kuti mawonetsedwewo aziwonjezera kuwala kwa buluu ngati madzulo akupita. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuwala kwa buluu, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kuwala kwa chikasu, kumakhulupirira kuthandiza ubongo.
• Zosungirako Zosungidwa: Ichi chatsopano cha macOS chimakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito magalimoto ang'onoang'ono koma muli ndi mwayi wopeza deta yambiri. Mogwirizana ndi iCloud Drive, Kusungirako Zokonzedwe kungasunthire zina mwadera lanu kumtambo, kukulolani kumasula malo pa galimoto yanu. Dongosolo losuntha likuwonekerabe kuti liripo kwanuko, koma pamene mukusowa zambiri, zimachotsedwa ku iCloud Drive yanu.
• Mauthenga Ponseponse: Mapulogalamu omwe akuphatikizapo kuthandizira mawindo angapo amapindula ndi mawindo amenewo omwe alipo kuchokera pa tabu yapamwamba yomwe imapangidwa ndi machitidwe opangira.
• Disk Utility: Chida cholemekezekachi chimayambitsanso kulenga ndi kuyendetsa zida za RAID , zomwe zinatayika mu OS X El Capitan.

03 pa 14

OS X El Capitan (10.11.x)

Tsiku loyamba kumasulidwa: September 30, 2015

Mtengo: Free download (imafuna kupeza Mac Mac Store)

Mauthenga omalizira a Mac machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito OS X maina, El Capitan adasintha zinthu zingapo , komanso kuchotsa zinthu zina, zomwe zimayambitsa kulira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri.

• Split View: Split View inabweretsa mbali ya iOS - kuthekera kuwona mapulogalamu awiri owonetsera pambali - ku Mac. Makampani athandizira mapulogalamu owonetsera onse kuchokera ku OS X Lion, koma Split View inabweretsa mphamvu zatsopano.
• Zojambula Zowonjezera: Pamene njira yogwiritsira ntchito ikuthandizira manja ambiri kuchokera pakuyambanso kwa Magic Mouse ndi Magic Trackpad, El Capitan anathandizira mwachindunji machitidwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Mail ndi Mauthenga.
• Mapu: Mapulogalamu a Maps akuwona zambiri zapakati pazomwe anthu amapita ku mapu am'deralo. Thandizo loyambirira silinali kumadera akuluakulu, koma mapu enanso oyendayenda anawonjezedwa ndi zosintha zotsatila.
• Disk Utility: Disk Utility inawonanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zinthu zambiri zisokonezedwe, kuphatikizapo kuthekera ndi kulumikiza zida za RAID.
• Zowonjezera: injini yowunikira yowonjezera inawona kuwonjezera kwa nyengo, katundu, nkhani, ndi masewera monga zofufuzidwa.
• Chitetezo cha Integrity System: SIP (System Integrity Protection) chinali chipangizo chatsopano cha chitetezo chophatikizidwa mu OS. Ndi SIP, maofesi ambiri ndi machitidwe sangasinthidwe ndi mapulogalamu ena kapena machitidwe, ngakhale ngati wogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi mizu. SIP imathandiza kwambiri popewera dongosolo, ndi pulogalamu yaumbanda kapena mwangozi.

04 pa 14

OS X Yosemite (10.10.x)

Tsiku loyamba kumasulidwa: October 16, 2014

Mtengo: Free download (imafuna kupeza Mac Mac Store)

OS X Yosemite adabweretsanso ntchito yaikulu yomasulira. Ngakhale kuti ntchito yaikulu ya mawonekedweyo inali yofanana, mawonekedwe ake anali ndi makeover, m'malo mwa skeuomorph chidziwitso cha chiyambi cha Mac, chomwe chinagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe amodzi omwe amasonyeza ntchito yeniyeni ya chinthu, ndi chojambula chophatikizira chomwe chimatsanzira Chithunzi chowonetsera chomwe chikuwonetsedwa mu zipangizo za iOS. Kuwonjezera pa kusintha kwa zithunzi ndi menus, kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe owonetsera owonetsera mawonekedwe akuwonekera.

Lucida Grande, machitidwe osasinthika, adasinthidwa ndi Helvetica Neue, ndipo Dock inataya mawonekedwe ake a glass glass, m'malo mwake anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi rectangle yodutsa.

• Kupitirizabe ndi Handoff: Yosemite anaphatikizapo kuthekera kwa dongosolo lothandizira kuti liphatikizidwe ndi zipangizo za iOS 8 kapena kenako. Pogwiritsira ntchito Handoff, ntchito yomwe idagwiritsa ntchito Bluetooth LE ndi Wi-Fi, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma Macs awo kapena kuwayitana mafoni kudzera mu iPhones zawo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma iPhones kuti athe kukhazikitsa maofesi awo, kuti Mac Mac awo agwirizane ndi ma iPhone awo ndondomeko ya deta. Kupitiriza kugwiritsira ntchito teknoloji yomweyi kuti alole ogwiritsa ntchito mu pulogalamu pa chipangizo chimodzi, nena iPad, ndiyeno nkunyamulira kumene iwo anasiya pulogalamu yofanana pa Mac awo.
• Malo Odziwitsidwa: Chidziwitso cha Notifications chinapanga mawonedwe atsopano a lero omwe amawonetsa zosintha zanthawi yake, monga nyengo, masitolo, ndi zochitika za kalendala.
• Zithunzi: Yosemite 10.10.3 adawona iPhotos ndi Aperture m'malo mwa pulogalamu yatsopano yosamalira zithunzi. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa Photos kunalibe zinthu zambiri za iPhotos kapena Aperture zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito adazidalira, ndipo adawoneka ngati sitepe yambiri. M'kupita kwanthawi, mawonekedwe atsopano a Mavidiyo adayankhula zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito.
• Mdima wamdima: Njira yatsopano yomwe imasokoneza bwalo lamasewero ndi Dock mogwirizana ndi machitidwe ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mdima.

05 ya 14

OS X Mavericks (10.9.x)

Tsiku loyamba kumasulidwa: October 22, 2013

Mtengo: Free download (imafuna kupeza Mac Mac Store)

OS X Mavericks adatchula mapeto a kutchula machitidwe opitilira amphaka akulu; mmalo mwake, Apple amagwiritsa ntchito maina a California. Mavericks amatanthauza mpikisano waukulu kwambiri pa masewera omwe amachitika pachaka pamphepete mwa nyanja ya California, pafupi ndi Pillar Point, kunja kwa tawuni ya Half Moon Bay.

Kusintha kwa Mavericks kunangowonjezera kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi kupititsa moyo wa batri.

• Nthawi Yogwirizanitsa: Njirayi inachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito CPU mwa kusinthasintha ntchito. Izi zinapangitsa CPU kukhala ndi ntchito zowonongeka, ndipo inalola CPU kugona kuti ichitike kwa nthawi yaitali. Chotsatira chakumapeto sichinali kuchepa chifukwa cha kugona, ntchito yowonjezera yowonjezera, komanso kuchepetsa ntchito ya batri chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali ya CPU.
• App Nap: Pamalo App Nap, zina ntchito anali kuthamanga koma osati kuchita ntchito iliyonse yothandiza; mwachitsanzo, kuyembekezera woperekera polojekiti kungapangitse mapurosesa kugwira ntchito, kutaya mphamvu ndikupanga kutentha popanda phindu lenileni. App Nap ingaike mapulogalamu ena kuti agone pamene sanali kugwira ntchito, kapena ngati mawindo awo ndi makanema awo anali obisika ndi mapulogalamu ena pawindo.
• Memory Memory: Mavericks adawona kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo lokonzekera kukumbukira kukumbukira kusokoneza disk, ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino kukumbukira komwe kulipo. Zotsatira zotsirizazo ndi Memory Memory (Compress Memory) yomwe inapanga mapulogalamu a pulojekiti pogwiritsa ntchito bwino RAM. Iyenso inali ndi zotsatira zoyenera zofuna kuti pang'onopang'ono makanema a RAM apange ntchito, kupanga Mac ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono ka RAM kamangidwe kamene kanali ndi zambiri kuposa momwe anachitira.
• Chotsulo Chotsogola cha iCloud: Ololedwa ogwiritsa ntchito kusunga mapepala achinsinsi, mayina, ndi mauthenga ena bwinobwino mwa iCloud, ndiyeno agwiritse ntchito chidziwitso pa zipangizo zawo zonse za Apple.
• Mapu: Mapulogalamu a Maps adaperekedwa kwa Mac, akutsanzira pulogalamu ya Maps yomwe ilipo pa zipangizo za iOS.
• Safari: injini yatsopano ya JavaScript inayambitsidwa ndi Safari yomwe yowonjezera kugwira ntchito kwa Safari, kutsegula Chrome ndi Firefox muzinthu zambiri.
• Wowapeza: The Finder anawonjezera mawonekedwe ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso kukhazikitsa dongosolo latsopano kukonza mafayilo.

06 pa 14

OS X Lion Lion (10.8.x)

Tsiku loyamba kumasulidwa: July 25, 2012

Mtengo: Free download (imafuna kupeza Mac Mac Store)

Njira yotsiriza yogwiritsira ntchito katchulidwe kake, OS X Mountain Lion inapitiriza cholinga chogwirizanitsa ntchito zambiri za Mac ndi IOS. Kuti athandize kubweretsa mapulogalamu pamodzi, Mountain Lion inatchulidwanso Bukhu la Maadiresi kwa Othandizira, ICal ku Kalendala, ndipo imalowetsa IChat ndi Mauthenga. Pogwiritsa ntchito dzina la pulogalamuyi kusintha, mawonekedwe atsopanowa adapeza njira yosavuta yosinthira deta pakati pa zipangizo za Apple.

• Malo Odziwitsidwa: Chatsopano ndi Mountain Lion, Chidziwitso cha Zazidziwitso chinapanga njira yolumikiza ndikugwirizanitsa zidziwitso zochokera ku mapulogalamu ndi ma webusaiti.
• Ndemanga: Nthaŵi ina ya Mail, Notes zinasulidwa monga pulogalamu yake yosiyana; izi zikugwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Notes mu iOS. Zolembedwa zinagwirizanitsidwa pazitsulo zonse za Apple.
• Mauthenga: Mawonekedwe atsopano a Mauthenga amalowetsa pulogalamu ya IChat yomwe imakhala yosasintha nthawi zonse m'mibadwo yakale ya OS X. Mauthenga othandizidwa ndi Apple's iMessage protocol amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zipangizo za iOS, komanso XMPP (Jabber), AIM (AOL Instant Messaging) ), ndi OSCAR, komanso kugwirizana kwa Yahoo! Mtumiki ndi Google Talk.
• Masewera a Masewera: Pulogalamu ina yatsopano yopanga crossover kuchokera ku iOS, Game Center inakulolani kusewera ndi ena osewera osewera pa Masewera a Maseŵera, pitirizani kufufuza zambiri ndi zochitika, ndikutsatira gulu lotsogolera pa masewera alionse.
• AirPlay Mirroring: Chida chatsopanochi chinalola zomwe zili muwonekera wanu ziwonekere pa chipangizo cha Apple TV pa intaneti yanu.

07 pa 14

OS X Lion (10.7.x)

Tsiku loyamba kumasulidwa: July 20, 2011

Mtengo: Free download (imafuna OS X Snow Leopard kulowa Mac Mac Store)

Mkango unali njira yoyamba ya Mac yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe imapezeka ngati download kuchokera ku Mac App Store, ndipo imafuna Mac ndi intel osakaniza 64-bit. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ena mwa Intel Macs oyambirira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a Intel 32 sangathe kusinthidwa ku OS X Lion. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, Mkango wapereka thandizo kwa Rosetta, choyimira chomwe chinali mbali ya OS X oyambirira. Rosetta analola mapulogalamuwa kuti alembe PowerPC Macs (osati Intel) kuyendetsa ma Macs omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a Intel.

OS X Lion nayenso inali njira yoyamba ya Mac yogwiritsira ntchito kupanga zinthu kuchokera ku iOS; kusinthika kwa OS X ndi iOS kunayamba ndi kumasulidwa uku. Chimodzi mwa zolinga za Lion chinali kuyambitsa kulumikizana pakati pa ausesi awiri, kotero kuti wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kusuntha pakati pa ziwiri popanda zofunikira kwenikweni zothandizira. Kuwongolera izi, zowonjezera zatsopano ndi mapulogalamu zinawonjezeredwa zomwe zimatsanzira mmene mawonekedwe a iOS amagwirira ntchito.

• Launchpad: Chiwombankhanga chatsopanochi chikuwoneka ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito monga kuwunikira kwa pulogalamu mu iOS. Chifukwa Launchpad ndi pulogalamu, iyo siinabwezere fayilo ya Dock kapena Maofesi omwe alipo; mmalo mwake, inangopereka njira ina yothetsera ntchito.
• Mipukutu ya Mipukutu: iOS amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa masoka oyenda, ndipo OS X Lion amaigwiritsa ntchito monga njira yosasinthika. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri a Mac, zotsatira zake zinali zosokoneza, monga kutsogolera kwadutsa. Mwamwayi, machitidwe okonda dongosolo adakulolani kusankha njira imene mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito . Kuphatikiza pa zolemba zachilengedwe, mipiringidzo inakhalanso yosaoneka ngati yosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zingasinthidwenso muzinthu zamakono.
• Zosungira Mavolo ndi Versions: Zatsopano ndi OS X Lion, Auto Save mapulogalamu ololedwa kusunga malemba pamene mukugwira ntchito pa iwo; Mavotolo amakulolani kuti mupeze zowonongeka zapepala.
• Malo Akhazikitsa Maulendo Randomzation: Njirayi yopezera njira zomwe zimasankhidwa ndi ma pulogalamu kumalo osankhidwa mosavuta. Izi zingathandize kupeŵa pulogalamu yachinsinsi kuti musalowe malo odziwika kuti mudziwe nokha mu pulogalamu kapena ntchito.
• Ikani Vuto 2: Kusinthidwa Pulogalamu yamafayi kuti mupereke ma diskption mokwanira m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito malo osungirako.

08 pa 14

OS X Snow Leopard (10.6.x)

Tsiku loyamba kumasulidwa: August 28, 2010

Mtengo: $ 29 wosagwiritsa ntchito; $ 49 banja pack (5 ogwiritsa ntchito); likupezeka pa CD / DVD

Snow Leopard inali yotsiriza ya OS yoperekedwa pazinthu zakuthupi (DVD). Ndiyi yakale kwambiri ya Mac Mac OS yomwe mungathe kugula kuchokera ku Apple Store ($ 19.99).

Snow Leopard imaganiziridwa ngati njira yomaliza ya Mac Mac OS. Pambuyo pa Snow Leopard, njira yoyendetsera ntchitoyi inayamba kuphatikizapo zingwe ndi zidutswa za iOS kubweretsa nsalu yowonjezereka kwa apulogalamu ya Apple (iPhone) ndi ma kompyuta (Mac).

Snow Leopard ndi mawonekedwe a 64-bit, koma inanso yotsiriza ya OS yomwe inathandizira osakaniza 32-bit, monga Intel's Core Solo ndi Core Duo mizere yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Intel Macs yoyamba. Snow Leopard nayenso anali wotsiriza wa OS X omwe angagwiritse ntchito Rosetta emulator kuthamanga mapulogalamu olembedwa a PowerPC Macs.

• Mac App Store: Snow Leopard ndiyoyi yoyamba ya OS kuti ikhale ndi Mac App Store yogula, kukopera, kukhazikitsa, ndi kukonzanso ma Mac mapulogalamu , kuphatikizapo Mac yogwiritsira ntchito. Mac App Store inawonjezedwa ndi kumasulidwa kwa 10.6.6.
• Wowapeza: The Finder inalembedwanso kwathunthu ku Koco kuti athandize patsogolo ntchito yonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zatsopano zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zambiri: Chipale cha Leopard chinali choyamba cha OS chomwe chinaphatikizapo kuthandizira kwathunthu kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Ma Macs oyambirira omwe anali ndi mapepala ambiri othandizira amatha kuchepetsedwa ndi chiwerengero cha manja ambiri ogwiritsidwa ntchito.
• OS Footprint: Mapazi a chipale cha Snow Leopard adachepetsedwa kukhala osachepera 7 GB galimoto.
• AppleTalk: Mapuloteni oyambirira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Apple omwe sathandizidwa.
• Boot Camp: Boot Camp inatha kuŵerenga ndi kukopera mafayilo ku ma HFS + volumes.

09 pa 14

OS X Leopard (10.5.x)

Tsiku loyamba kumasulidwa: October 26, 2007

Mtengo: $ 129 wosakwatira: $ 199 banja pack (5 ogwiritsa ntchito): likupezeka pa CD / DVD

Leopard inali yowonjezera kwambiri kuchokera ku Tiger, yomwe yangotuluka ya OS X. Malinga ndi Apple, inali ndi kusintha kosintha ndi 300. Zambiri mwa zosinthikazi, komabe, zinali zogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zomwe omaliza sangathe kuziwona, ngakhale ogwira ntchito amatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito.

Kutsegulidwa kwa OS X Leopard kunachedwa , pokonzekera koyambirira kwa chaka cha 2006. Chifukwa cha kuchedwa kunkadakhala kuti apolisi amachotsa chuma ku iPhone, yomwe inkawonetsedwa kwa anthu kwa nthawi yoyamba mu Januwale 2007, ndipo idagulitsidwa mu June.

• Time Machine: Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zatsopano ku Leopard chinali choyamba chophatikizapo Time Machine , pulogalamu yowonjezeredwa yosinthika yomwe inali yosavuta kukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito, komanso zosavuta kupeza ndi kubwezeretsa ma fayilo ngati pakufunika.
• Boot Camp: Ngakhale kuti ogwiritsa ntchito kale anali atasokoneza njira zogwiritsira ntchito Windows pa ma Intel-based hardware, Boot Camp inali njira yoyamba yomwe boma linalandiridwa komanso kulimbikitsidwa ndi Apple . Boot Camp inapereka zida zogwirizanitsa zoyambira zoyambira ma Mac kuti zikhale ndi Mawindo a Windows, komanso madalaivala omwe akuyenera kulola Windows kugwira ntchito ndi ma hardware a Mac.
• Malo: Analoleza kulengedwa kwa desktops, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mapulogalamu ndi mawindo ogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina . Mukhoza kulenga malo oti mugwiritse ntchito ndi maimelo ndi kusaka kwa intaneti, wina pa masewera, ndi gawo lachitatu la mapulogalamu opindulitsa. Inu munali ochepa chabe ndi "malo" angati omwe mungakhale nawo.
• Kuwoneka Mwamsanga : Ntchito yowonjezera yomwe inalola kuti mapepala ayang'ane msanga popanda kuyambitsa mapulogalamu omwe adawapanga.
• Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a Mtumiki: Leopard idaphatikizapo kusintha kochepa kwa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, kuphatikizapo 3D Dock ndi galasi lamasewera loonekera. Chojambula choyambirira cha mapulogalamu a apulogalamu yamakono mu bar ya menyu chinasinthidwa ndi mtundu wonse wakuda.
• Kusayina kwa ntchito: Leopard ndiyo njira yoyamba yogwiritsira ntchito Mac yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba zizindikiro zapadera kuti zowonjezera ntchito zisasokonezedwe, kapena kuti zosinthazo zinalidi mapulogalamu omwewo ndipo sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito pulogalamu ya pulogalamu yaumbanda.

10 pa 14

OS X Tiger (10.4.x)

Tsiku loyamba kumasulidwa: April 29, 2005

Mtengo: $ 129 wosakwatira; $ 199 banja pack (5 ogwiritsa ntchito); likupezeka pa CD / DVD

OS X Tiger inali njira ya ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito pamene Intel Macs yoyamba inatulutsidwa. Tiger yoyamba idangogwira ma Macs okhaokha a PowerPC; Tiger (10.4.4) yapadera idaphatikizidwa ndi Intel Macs. Izi zinayambitsa chisokonezo pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito, ambiri mwa iwo amayesa kubwezeretsa Tiger pa Intel iMacs yawo kuti apeze mawonekedwe oyambirirawo. Mofananamo, ogwiritsa ntchito PowerPC omwe anagula malonda a Tiger pa intaneti anapeza kuti zomwe akupeza kwenikweni ndizo ma Intel omwe adabwera ndi Mac Mac.

Chisokonezo chachikulu cha Tigir sichinasinthidwe mpaka OS X Leopard atatulutsidwa; izo zimaphatikizapo zolemba zonse zomwe zingathe kuthamanga pa PowerPC kapena Intel Macs.

• Rosetta: Kusanjikiza kotereku komwe kunaphatikizidwanso ndi OS X Tiger kameneka kanalola mapulogalamuwa kulembedwa kwa mapulogalamu a PowerPC kuti athamange pa Intel Macs.
• Zowonjezera: Njira yamakono yowunikirayi yowonekera koyamba ku Tiger, yowunikira Zowonongeka kuti izigwiritse ntchito kufufuza mitundu yonse ya ma CD yomwe ilipo pa Mac. Zowonjezereka zinayambitsanso lingaliro la Smart Folders , mafoda apadera omwe maulendo awo akhala akusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kufufuza osasintha omwe wopanga amapanga. Izi zinapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kupanga Smart Folders omwe angakhale nawo, mwachitsanzo, zolemba zonse zomwe ankagwira sabata lapitalo.
• IChat AV: Kuwonjezera pa mauthenga a mauthengawa amalembera anthu anai kuti athe kutenga nawo mbali pa msonkhano wavidiyo.
• Dashboard: Malo apadera omwe analola mapulogalamu kupanga ndi HTML, CSS, ndi JavaScript. Mapulogalamuwa amadziwika ngati Mayijayi, ndipo amalingaliridwa ngati kubwerera kwa Desk Accessories, mtundu wa ntchito yomwe inali yofala Mac OS oyambirira.
• Chowongolera: Chida ichi chimapangitsa ogwiritsira ntchito kugwirizanitsa pamodzi mapulogalamu ndi mautumiki omwe akhala pa Mac Mac awo, kuwalola kuti apange zovuta kupanga ntchito zokha ndi zosavuta kumvetsetsa.
• Malo osambira a 64-bit: Tiger inathandizira mapulogalamu onse 32-bit ndi 64-bit. Kuwonjezera apo, Tiger ingathe kuthandizira 64-bit userland kulumikiza malo, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira komwe kungakambidwe molunjika.

11 pa 14

OS X Panther (10.3.x)

Tsiku loyamba kutulutsidwa: October 24, 2003

Mtengo: $ 129 wosakwatira; $ 199 banja pack (5 ogwiritsa ntchito); likupezeka pa CD / DVD

Panther inapitiriza mwambo wa OS X wopereka zomwe zikuwoneka bwino. Izi zimachitika ngati apulogalamu a Apple akupitirizabe kukonzanso ndi kupititsa patsogolo kachidindo komwe kagwiritsidwe ntchito mu njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito.

Panther inatchulidwanso koyamba kuti OS X ayambe kutaya chithandizo kwa akuluakulu achi Mac, kuphatikizapo Beige G3 ndi Wall Street PowerBook G3. Zithunzi zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito zonse za Macintosh Toolbox ROM pa bolodi logic. Bokosi la ROM lili ndi code yogwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga njira zina zoyambirira zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakono apamwamba a Mac. Chofunika kwambiri, ROM idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira ndondomeko ya boot, ntchito yomwe pansi pa Panther inali tsopano ikulamulidwa ndi Open Firmware.

• Wowapeza: The Finder adagwiritsa ntchito brushed-metal mawonekedwe omwe anaphatikiza latsopano bar customizerble sidebar. Kuonjezerapo, Finder anaphatikizapo chithandizo chowongolera ndi kutsegula mafayilo.
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwakhama: Chigawo ichi chinalola wosuta kuti alowemo pamene wina wogwiritsira ntchito alowetsa ndi kulamulira Mac.
• Exposé: Woyang'anira mawindo omwe analola mawindo onse otseguka kuti asonyezedwe ngati mawonekedwe, kulola wosuta kuti asinthe pakati pawo.

12 pa 14

OS X Jaguar (10.2.x)

Tsiku loyamba kumasulidwa: August 23, 2002

Mtengo: $ 129 wosakwatira; $ 199 banja pack (5 ogwiritsa ntchito); likupezeka pa CD / DVD

Jaguar ndi imodzi mwa mafilimu omwe ndimakonda kwambiri a OS X, ngakhale kuti mwina ndichifukwa chake Steve Jobs adatchula dzinali poyambirira: jag-u-waarrr. Imeneyi inali inanso yoyamba ya OS X kumene dzina lachinyama linagwiritsidwa ntchito movomerezeka. Pamaso pa Jaguar, mayina a pakawa amadziwika pagulu, koma Apple nthawi zonse amawatchula m'mabuku ndi nambala ya nambala.

OS X Jaguar imaphatikizapo kupindula kwakukulu pazopitazo. Zimamveka pamene dongosolo la OS X likuyendetsedwa bwino ndi omanga. Jaguar nayenso adawona kusintha kwakukulu kwa mafilimu, makamaka chifukwa chophatikizapo madalaivala opangidwa bwino a makadi a graphics a ATI ndi a NVIDIA.

• MPEG-4: Chithandizo cha MPEG-4 chikhalidwe chinamangidwa kwa Jaguar kudzera mwa QuickTime.
• Bukhu la Maadiresi: Uku kunali koyamba koyamba kwa Bukhu la Maadiresi kuti muzisunga mauthenga ochezera.
• iTunes: Ngakhale kuti iTunes inalipo kwa Mac kale, iyi inali yoyamba ya OS X yomwe inaphatikizapo pulogalamu ya iTunes.
• Inkwell: Inkwell anapereka chidziwitso cholembedwa pamanja. Teknolojia iyi idapangidwa poyamba ku Newton OS, komanso wothandizira wadiresi wamakono wa Newton.
• Rendezvous: Pulogalamuyi yovomerezeka inalola kuti zipangizo pa intaneti zowonongeka zidziwetsekanso zipangizo zina, kupanga mapangidwe a makanema makamaka pulojekiti ndi pulogalamu. Rendezvous adatchulidwanso ku Bonjour m'mawonekedwe atsopano a OS X.
• Kulowetsa: Maofesi a HFS + amawasinthidwa ndi chithandizo cha kufalitsa. Kulemba kudalirika kwowonjezereka kwa mawonekedwe a mafayilo, ndipo zinawonjezeredwa zowonzetsa deta.
• Universal Access: Mbaliyi inabweretsa machitidwe oyenerera ku Mac kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
• CUPS: Kusindikizidwa kwadongosolo ku OS X kunasinthidwa kuti zithandize CUPS (Common Unix Printing System). Izi zinapangitsa kuti osindikizira ena amasankhidwe kwa Mac, popeza madalaivala opezeka mosavuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito mmalo mwa mwambo wopangidwa ndi Mac.
• SMB (Samba): Jaguar idaphatikizapo chithandizo cha Samba, seva yotsegula yomwe ingagwire ntchito ndi Microsoft SMB Intaneti. Izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zosavuta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito fayilo komanso kusindikiza kwasakaniza pakati pa ma Macs ndi Windows PC.
• Mac Makondomu: Jaguar amasonyeza mapeto a Happy Mac, chojambula chojambula chojambula chosonyeza nkhope yosangalatsa. M'malo mwake, Jaguar ankagwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe a imvi a Apple.

13 pa 14

OS X Puma (10.1.x)

Tsiku loyamba kumasulidwa: September 25, 2001

Mtengo: $ 129; zosintha zaulere kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a Cheetah; likupezeka pa CD / DVD

Puma ankawoneka makamaka monga kukonza kwa bugulu kwa OS oyambirira Cheetah yomwe idatsogolera. Puma inaperekanso ntchito zina zazing'ono. Mwina ambiri akuwuza kuti Puma sankamasulidwa pulogalamu ya Macintosh; mmalo mwake, Mac adakwezedwa ku Mac OS 9.x. Ogwiritsa ntchito angasinthe ku OS X Puma, ngati akufuna.

Zinalibe mpaka OS X 10.1.2 kuti Apple akhazikitsa Puma ngati njira yosasinthika ya ma Macs atsopano.

• Bwinobwino CD ndi DVD zothandizira: The Finder ndi iTunes zinaphatikizapo chithandizo chowunikira kugwira ntchito ndi CD ndi DVD ; Ma DVD amatha kusewera pulogalamu ya Apple DVD player.
• Zowonjezerapo Dalaivala: Apple inanena kuti OS X Puma anali ndi makina osindikiza okwana 200 omwe alipo. Ngakhale zili choncho, kusindikiza kunalibe vuto ndi OS X yatsopano yopanga osindikizira anali kuphatikizapo kuthandizira.
• Madalaivala atsopano a OpenGL: Madalaivala atsopano a OpenGL apanga mafilimu opanga mafilimu, makamaka zowonongeka za 3D zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mawonekedwe.
• ColorSync: ColorSync imabweretsa kusamalitsa kwa mtundu wa OS X , kuti abasebenzisi azisintha mtundu womwe umawoneka pazowonetserako ndi m'zinthu zosindikizidwa.
• Kujambula Zithunzi: Izi zowonjezera zinawonjezeredwa ku Puma kuti zithunzi zochokera ku makamera ndi makina a digito zisungidwe ku Mac popanda kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yapadera kuchokera kwa opanga makampani apakati.

14 pa 14

OS X Cheetah (10.0.x)

Tsiku loyamba kumasulidwa: March 24, 2001

Mtengo: $ 129; likupezeka pa CD / DVD

Cheetah ndiye anamasulidwa OS OS, ngakhale kuti panalibe beta yapamwamba ya OS X yomwe ilipo. OS X inali kusintha kuchokera Mac Mac yomwe inatsogolera Cheetah. Zinayimira njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito yosiyana kwambiri ndi OS yoyamba yomwe inayambitsa Macintosh yoyamba.

OS X inamangidwa pamtanda wofanana ndi Unix wopangidwa ndi code yolembedwa ndi Apple, NeXTSTEP, BSD, ndi Mach. Kernel (mwachidziwitso kernel wosakanizidwa) amagwiritsa ntchito Mach 3 ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za BSD, kuphatikizapo mauthenga a mauthenga. Kuphatikizidwa ndi code kuchokera ku NeXTSTEP (yomwe ili ndi Apulo) ndi Apple, dongosolo loyendetsera ntchito linkadziwika kuti Darwin, ndipo linatulutsidwa ngati software yotseguka pansi pa Apple Public Source License.

Mapulogalamu apamwamba a ntchito, kuphatikizapo ma Cocoa ndi Carbon omwe amagwiritsa ntchito apulogalamu a Apple pomanga mapulogalamu ndi mautumiki, akhalabe chitsime chatsekedwa.

Cheetah anali ndi mavuto angapo akawamasulidwa, kuphatikizapo chizoloŵezi chowombera phokoso la kernel ponyamula chipewa. Zikuwoneka kuti mavuto ambiri adachokera ku dongosolo loyang'anira kukumbukira zomwe zinali zatsopano kwa Darwin ndi OS X Cheetah. Zina zatsopano zopezeka ku Cheetah zikuphatikizapo:

• Dock: The Dock inali kuyendetsa polojekiti imene inkaperekedwa ngati gulu pamunsi kapena pambali pa chiwonetserocho. Zithunzi zoimira zolemba ndi zolemba zingayikidwa (zofufuzidwa) mu Dock, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kulumikiza ndi kuyambitsa.
• Pulogalamu : Pulogalamu ya Terminal inalolera kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya Darwin pogwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko yoyendera mzere. Kufikira mpaka, Mac OS inali imodzi mwa machitidwe ochepa omwe sanagwiritse ntchito mzere wolumikizira.
• Imelo: OS X inabwera ndi makasitomala omangidwa mu imelo .
• Kuchokera Multitasking: Pamene Mac OS idatha kugwira ntchito zambiri, idagwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wogwira ntchito, pulogalamu ya pulogalamu iliyonse ikupempha, ndikuyembekeza kupatsidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumawathandiza kupeza njirayo ngati pakufunika.
• Aqua UI: Watsopano mawonekedwe mawonekedwe ankadziwika kuti Aqua. Pogwiritsa ntchito Cheetah, Steve Jobs anatchula mabatani atatu omwe ali pamwamba pa mawindo ambiri, akudzinenera kuti akhala akuwathandiza nthawi zambiri kuti awoneke bwino kotero kuti "amanyengerera."
• Pulogalamu ya PDF: Mapulogalamu adatha kupanga mapepala pogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira omwe anakhazikitsidwa ku OS X.
• Quartz: Poyambirira, Apple inawoneka pogwiritsa ntchito Display PostScript kuyendetsa mafano osonyeza OS X; lingaliroli linachokera pa momwe NeXTSTEP imagwiritsira ntchito Display PostScript muzogulitsa zake. M'malo mwake, Apple idapanga zojambulazo zomwe zimapereka teknoloji yotchedwa Quartz, yomwe inagwiritsa ntchito PostScript kukhala mazenera omwe ali mkati mwazithunzi monga maonekedwe a PDF-rendered.
• AppleScript: OS X ili ndi chinenero cha AppleScript chomwe chinaphatikizidwa ndi Mac kuyambira System 7 (Mac OS).
• Sherlock: Njira yofufuzira pofuna kupeza deta yomwe ikukhala pa Mac kapena intaneti.
• Memory Memory: Mapulogalamu amapatsidwa zigawo zokumbukila zomwe zimateteza pulogalamu yomwe imawononga malo ake omwe akumbukira kukumbukira kuti imatha kulowa m'malo ena okumbukira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu ena ndi mautumiki apakompyuta.