Kaya mukukonzekera kupanga podcast / newscast , kuimba nyimbo, kapena kusangalatsa madzulo a karaoke panyumba , maikolofoni odalirika amathandiza kwambiri. Ngakhale ma microphone ambiri amagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe - zimakhala ngati kugwiritsira ntchito nyani, kupatula kuti mapeto a bizinesi amalemba nyimbo m'malo momveka bwino - mungapeze kuti akuwonetseratu zojambula ndi zosiyana. Ndipo monga ndi mitundu yambiri yamakono amakono, ma microphone angasonyeze zosiyanasiyana zapadera ndi zinthu zothandiza.
Mafonifoni amagulitsidwa pamtengo wosiyanasiyana. Zitsanzo zosavuta zitha kukhala ndi ndalama zosakwana US $ 50, pomwe mtengo (womwe nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ukhale wogwiritsira ntchito) ukhoza kuwonjezera pa zikwi za madola. Zitsanzo zina zowonetsera ma microphone:
- Mchitidwe wosakwatira kapena wamakono (momwe maikolofoni imasiyanitsira phokoso kuti lilembedwe)
- Gwiritsani ntchito ma battery
- Zojambula zamtundu / opanda waya
- On-mic volume / phindu / kusakaniza kulamulira
- Zowonjezera zosankha zowonjezera
Ngakhale kuti pali zambiri zomwe mungasankhe, pafupifupi maikolofoni iliyonse idzagwera mu imodzi mwa mitundu iwiri yofunikira: yogwira ndi condenser. Mtundu winanso wosasinthasintha womwe mungakumane nawo ndi maikolofoni. Ngakhale kuti aliyense ali ndi transducer yomwe imakhala ndi ntchito yofanana yolemba ndi kulandira bwino, njira zopanga zizindikiro zamagetsi zimasiyana kwambiri.
Malingana ndi zosowa zina zofunikira / zochitika, wina akhoza kukhala wabwino kuposa wina. Chinthu chiri, ndi zovuta kwambiri kuwuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana pokhapokha powayang'ana. Kotero apa pali zomwe muyenera kudziwa.
01 a 03
Mafoni Amakono Ophamvu
Mwachizoloŵezi mungathe kufotokozera ntchito ya ma microphone okhwima ndi a olankhula mwambo (mwachitsanzo) , koma mobwerezabwereza. Choncho ndi oyankhula mwambo, chizindikiro cha audio chimachokera ku gwero mpaka ku voil, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku cone (yomwe imatchedwanso kuti diaphragm). Pamene magetsi (chizindikiro cha audio) amafika pa coil, magnetic field imapangidwa (electromagnet principle), yomwe imagwirizana ndi maginito osatha omwe ali kumbuyo kwa coil. Kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu kumapangitsa maginito kumakopa ndi kubwezeretsa, kukakamiza kondomu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti igwedezeke mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimapangitsa mafunde omwe timamva.
Kotero, mobwerezabwereza, maikolofoni amphamvu amatenga kupanikizika kwa phokoso, komwe kumagwedeza kondomu ndikupangitsa maginito kuti agwirizane, zomwe zimayambitsa kulenga chizindikiro cha magetsi. Phindu lalikulu la ma microphone ndiloti akhoza kugwira ntchito mopanda malire. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukhoza kuzigwiritsa ntchito popanda kufunikira mphamvu iliyonse yakunja, popeza pakalipano yomwe imapanga chizindikiro chopangidwa kuchokera ku magetsi. Komabe, pali ma microphone amphamvu kwambiri - kawirikawiri wapamwamba ndi ndalama - zomwe zimafuna mphamvu kuti zigwire ntchito. Choncho nthawi zonse fufuzani zolembazo poyamba.
Mofanana ndi olankhula mwambo, ma microphone amphamvu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito makina ambiri ndi makina owona ndi oona. Sikuti ma microphone omwe ali ndi mphamvu ndi otsika mtengo (koma osati nthawi zonse) kupanga (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsika mtengo), koma magetsi amatha kukhala ovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi anzawo a condenser. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kugunda ndi kugwetsa dontho - yabwino kuti agwiritse manja mwakhama ndikusiya kuti ikhale pamalo oyenera. Koma kumbukirani kuti kukhala wokhutira kwakukulu kumabwera kudzera kumangidwe abwino; Chifukwa chakuti maikolofoni ndi yamphamvu sikutsimikiziranso kuti yapangidwa kuti ipitirire, osatulutsa kunja microphone ya condenser.
Ma microphone amphamvu sali omveka - makamaka, popeza pali zitsanzo zamtengo wapatali zomwe zingapereke zotsatira zosangalatsa - monga ma microphone operewera. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kulemera kwa magetsi ndi coil, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuti phokoso likhoze kumvetsera kwa mafunde (makamaka maulendo apamwamba, chifukwa alibe mphamvu zambiri zothandizira mliri). Ngakhale kuti pali vuto, malingana ndi, sikuti nthawi zonse ndi chinthu choipa. Kumvetsetsa kwapansi ndi kuyankha kwakanthawi kochepa kawirikawiri kumatanthawuza tsatanetsatane wotchulidwa mu zojambula, koma izi zimaphatikizanso kumveka kosafunika / kosayenera.
Kotero ngati mukufuna kuchotsa ponseponse phokoso la chilengedwe ndi phokoso lozungulira pomwe mukujambula, maikolofoni amphamvu angakhale njira yopita. Komanso, pang'onopang'ono mayendedwe amphamvu amawoneka bwino kwambiri pojambula zovuta, zovuta kumveka, monga ngoma, gasi, galasi, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikizidwa ndi luso loyendetsa mabuku ambiri, ma microphone amphamvu amakhala otchuka kusankha kujambula moyo osati kujambula studio. Pamwamba pa zonsezi, kutsika kwapansi kumatanthawuzira ma makinafoni abwino kwambiri pakutsutsa malingaliro a audio loops.
Komabe, ma maikolofoni ambiri angathe kuwonjezera maonekedwe osadzimva (nthawi zina amatchedwa kutentha) kuti amveke akulembedwa. Zotsatirazi zingakhale zofunikira kapena zochepa, malinga ndi mtundu ndi / kapena khalidwe la maikolofoni palokha. Wina sangazindikire kapena kusamala, kupatula kuti kulondola kwa mawu ndi kofunika kwambiri. Koma mu zina mwazochitikazo, maikolofoni yamakono angakhale kusankha kosankhidwa.
Zotsatira:
Sitifuna mphamvu yamtundu ndi / kapena mabatire
Kusamaliranso mawu omveka bwino / zida
Kawirikawiri yotsika mtengo (koma sikuti nthawi zonse ndizovuta)
Zosungira mochuluka kuposa ma microphone operewera (kawirikawiri)
Zokongola kwa zochitika zakuthambo / zakusindikiza
Wotsatsa:
Kawirikawiri imafuna amplifier (yowonjezera zotsatira)
Osamvetsetsa / omvera monga ma microphone (makamaka pafupipafupi)
Maferensi amayankhidwa amasiyana kwambiri malingana ndi kapangidwe / ntchito
02 a 03
Mafonifoni a Condenser
Mungathe kufotokozera ntchito ya ma microphone okhudzidwa ndi okhudzana ndi magetsi, koma mobwerezabwereza. Choncho, ndi wokamba mawu opangira magetsi, chimbudzi chochepa chimayimikidwa pakati pa magulu awiri (omwe amadziwikanso monga stators), omwe amagwirizana ndi magetsi. Chojambulachi chimamangidwa ndi zipangizo zamagetsi kuti zikhale ndi ndalama zokhazikika komanso zogwirizana (kukopa ndi kubwezeretsa magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi). Zizindikiro zomveka (motengera magetsi) za mphamvu zazikulu koma zosiyana zimatumizidwa ku gridi lirilonse - ngati grid imodzi ikukankhira chingwe, gridi ina imakoka ndi mphamvu yomweyo. Momwe magalasi amasinthasintha kuchokera ku kusintha kwa mpweya, chithunzithunzi chimasunthira chammbuyo, chomwe chimabweretsa kupanga mafunde omwe timamva. Mosiyana ndi ma microphone okhwima, ma capacensenti alibe maginito.
Kotero, mobwerezabwereza, maikolofoni yamakono imatulutsa kupanikizika kwa mawu, zomwe zimapangitsa mtunda wa diaphragm kufanana ndi gridi (yomwe imadziwika ngati tsamba lakumbuyo kwa maikolofoni). Kuyanjana pakati pa magetsi a magetsi kumabweretsa kusintha kwa pakalipano, zomwe ndizo zomwe zimamasuliridwa mu chizindikiro chowonetsera. Chinthu chimodzi chosonyeza kuti makina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa magetsi amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zamtundu wina (wotchedwanso kuti phantom) (mwachitsanzo mabatire kapena zingwe). Mphamvu ndizofunikanso kuti ma maikolofoni awonongeke - zosintha zamakono ndizochepa kwambiri kuti zisayambe kulembedwa ndi zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito pokhapokha ngati zowonjezera zowonjezera.
Mofanana ndi okamba magetsi, zopindulitsa zazikulu za ma microphone zamadzimadzi zimapangitsa kukhudzidwa ndi kuyankhidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kameneka, kachidutswa kakang'ono kamene kamatha kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira kwambiri ndi mafunde ozungulira oyendayenda. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake ma microphone okhwima ndi olondola kwambiri komanso amatha kupeza zovuta zowoneka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kwambiri pa zolembera zapamwamba-makamaka zomwe zikuphatikizapo mawu komanso / kapena maulendo apamwamba. Ndipo chifukwa cha momwe magetsi amakonzera kuti agwire ntchito, ma microphone a condenser angapezeke mu mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake kuposa ma microphone opambana.
Ngakhale kutengeka kowonjezereka kungawoneke kosangalatsa, pali zovuta zina. Ma microphone a Condenser amatha kusokonezeka, monga poyesera kulemba zida zomveka bwino kapena zomveka. Amakhalanso otengeka kwambiri ndi mauthenga ammvetsera - izi zimachitika pamene phokoso lovomerezeka ndi maikolofoni likudutsa mwa wokamba nkhani ndipo limatengedwa kachiwiri ndi maikolofoni palimodzi. Angathenso kuthana ndi phokoso losafuna, makamaka ngati simukukhala mu chipinda chokhala chete kapena chodziwika bwino. Mwachitsanzo, maikolofoni ya condenser sangakhale yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuyankhulana kwa kunja kapena kujambula pamene kuli mphepo, mvula, kapena mzinda / chikhalidwe / anthu amawonekera kumbuyo. Ngakhale phokoso likhoza kuchotsedwa ndi mapulogalamu okonzekera nyimbo ndi zojambula , zikutanthauza kuti sitepe yowonjezera.
Kachipangizo kowonjezera magetsi mkati mwa makina oyipa amachititsa kuti iwo akhale ofooka kwambiri komanso okwera mtengo (nthawi zambiri koma osati nthawi zonse) kuposa ma microphone opambana. Mosiyana ndi maginito olimba ndi makina oyendetsera ma microphone, timagulu tomwe timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo timene timakhala tomwe timakhala tambirimbiri ndipo timatha kuwonongeka mosavuta kapena kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwapadera (SPL) kapena kukhudza thupi. Mukufuna kuti muzisamalira mosamala, makamaka ngati maikolofoni yowonjezerapo ingakutengereni madola mazana angapo (kapena kuposa). Kodi munayamba mwawonapo wina akupanga mic-drop on stage? Mwinamwake anali maikolofoni amphamvu osati a condenser.
Zotsatira:
Zimapanga zizindikiro zamphamvu zamankhwala popanda kusowa chithunzithunzi
Kawirikawiri zimakhudzidwa kwambiri kutenga zowoneka bwino kapena / kapena kutali
Kuyankha kwakukulu kwafupipafupi
Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi malo osungirako zinthu zamkati (mwachizolowezi)
Wotsatsa:
Amafuna mphamvu zakunja (phantom) ndi / kapena mabatire
Kumvetsetsa kowonjezereka kungapangitse kusokonezeka pazinthu zina
Zingakhale zodula kwambiri (koma osati nthawi zonse)
Mafilimu ovuta kwambiri kuposa a maikolofoni amphamvu
03 a 03
Kusankha Pakati pa Mafilimu Amphamvu ndi Operewera
Ngakhale mitundu yonseyi ikuwonetsa mphamvu zokhudzana ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito, palinso zinthu zina zofunika kuziganizira ngati mukuyang'ana maikolofoni atsopano kapena m'malo. Ma microphone ambiri apangidwa ndi ntchito yapadera m'malingaliro, kotero ndi bwino kugwirizanitsa ntchito ndi zosowa. Mwina mungafune maikrofoni omwe ali apadera pa: kujambula kwa cholinga chachikulu, machitidwe a moyo / zochitika / mawonetsero, machitidwe a PA, mafunsowo, zojambula pa studio, mawu, zipangizo zamagetsi, zipangizo zamagetsi, zipangizo zamakono, zida zochepa zapakati pafupipafupi , kupititsa patsogolo / kuyanjidwa kawirikawiri, podcasting / newscasting, ndi zina zotero. Mukhoza kupeza njira zabwino kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito ma microphone opambana kapena openshoni m'magulu ambiri.
Komanso, zizindikiro zina ndi zowonjezera zingapangitse mtundu umodzi kutsogolo kukhala woyenera kuposa wina (ndi mosiyana). Mwachitsanzo, ma microphone omwe ali ndi zilembo zazikuluzikulu zimakhala zolondola / zovuta kuposa zomwe zili ndi zigawo zing'onozing'ono (kukula kumakhala m'mabuku awa). Koma diaphragm yaikulu imatanthauza maikolofoni akuluakulu, omwe angatenge malo osungirako ambiri mu matumba a magalimoto kapena matumba. Ma microphone ena (a mtundu uliwonse) apangidwa ndi zosavuta kumangika m'maganizo, pamene ena angakhale pang'ono. Kotero pakhoza kukhala malonda angapo ndi chirichonse chomwe iwe usankha.
Mafonifoni amakhalanso ndi mayendedwe osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana (onetsetsani zomwe akupanga), zomwe zingapangitse mtundu umodzi kukhala wabwino kuposa wina, malingana ndi momwe akugwiritsire ntchito. Zina zimapangidwanso kuti zikhale zojambula mwachibadwa / zowonjezera, pamene zina zowonjezereka - izi zikhoza kukhala mtundu wa maonekedwe ndi / kapena kukula kwake kwa phokoso - ku chithunzi chonse. Zolemba zina zomwe mungaziyerekezere ndi kuziganizira ndizo: chiŵerengero cha phokoso-phokoso , mphamvu yapamwamba ya voliyumu (phokoso loperekera), kupotoza kwathunthu kwa harmonic , kapangidwe ka polar, ndi kukhudzidwa. Pamapeto pake, maikolofoni yolondola ndiyo yomwe imamveketsa bwino m'makutu anu pamene ikukwaniritsa zofuna zanu kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito.
Mafoni Amakono Ali Opambana Kwa:
- Ntchito zakunja
- Zochita zamoyo
- Kusonkhanitsa nkhani / zokambirana
- Kujambula pamagulu akuluakulu
- Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi (Barry White, basita gitala, cello, tuba, etc.)
- Pamene mukusowa chinachake chokhazikika
Mafoni Amtundu wa Condenser Ndi Opambana Kwa:
- Kugwiritsira ntchito
- Zojambulajambula
- Podcasting / newscasting
- Kulembetsa mwatsatanetsatane ndi molondola
- Mafilimu opambana / zida (Mariah Carey, violin, chitoliro, piano, etc.)
- Pamene kukhazikika si chinthu