Dzina
Expr - Ganizirani mawu
Zosinthasintha
expr arg ? Mg ... ?
Imagwirizanitsa arg (s (kuwonjezera malo olekanitsa pakati pawo), amayesa zotsatirapo monga Tcl kuwonetsera, ndi kubwezera mtengo. Ogwiritsira ntchito amaloledwa m'mawu a Tcl ndi chigawo cha ogwira ntchito omwe amaloledwa mu mawulidwe a C, ndipo ali ndi tanthauzo lofanana ndi loyamba monga oyendetsa C omwe ali ofanana. Mawu nthawizonse amatulutsa zotsatira zamtundu (zowonjezera kapena zoyandama-mfundo zamtengo). Mwachitsanzo, mawuwo
expr 8.2 + 6amayesa 14.2. Maonekedwe a Tcl amasiyana ndi mafotokozedwe a C mwa njira yomwe operekera amafotokozera. Ndiponso, mafotokozedwe a Tcl amathandiza zolemba zopanda malire ndi kufanizira kwachingwe.
Zimagwira ntchito
Kufotokozera Tcl kumaphatikizapo kuphatikiza kwa opaleshoni, ogwira ntchito, ndi makolo. Danga loyera lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakati pa opareshoni ndi ogwira ntchito ndi othandizira; Amanyalanyazidwa ndi malangizo a mawuwa. Ngati n'kotheka, ogwira ntchito amamasuliridwa ngati chiwerengero chazambiri. Malingaliro ang'onoang'ono angakhale otchulidwa mu decimal (chikhalidwe choyenera), mu octal (ngati khalidwe loyambirira la operand ndi 0 ), kapena mu hexadecimal (ngati awiri oyambirira a operena ali 0x ). Ngati opanda alibe gawo limodzi loperekedwa pamwambapa, ndiye kuti limakhala ngati nambala yozungulira ngati zingatheke. Mawerengedwe a malo ozungulira amatha kufotokozedwa m'njira iliyonse yomwe amavomereza ndi compilant C compiler (kupatula kuti ma fix F , F , l , ndi L sadzaloledwa m'zinthu zambiri). Mwachitsanzo, zonsezi ndi nambala zoyendetsa bwino: 2.1, 3., 6e4, 7.91e + 16. Ngati palibe kutanthauzira kwazithunzi n'kotheka, ndiye kuti operand yatsala ngati chingwe (ndipo kokha kagwiritsidwe ka ogwira ntchito kakagwiritsidwe ntchito).
Ntchito zogwiritsidwa ntchito zingathe kufotokozedwa mwa njira izi:
[1]
Monga chiwerengero cha chiwerengero, mwina nambala kapena malo oyandama.
[2]
Monga kusintha kwa Tcl, pogwiritsira ntchito makadi a $ ndalama . Mtengo wa variable udzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati operand.
[3]
Monga chingwe chomwe chatsekedwa mu ndemanga ziwiri. Mawuwa amachititsa kubwezeretsa, kusinthika, ndi kusintha mmalo mwazidziwitso pakati pa ndemangazo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wotere monga operand
[4]
Monga chingwe chojambulidwa mu braces. Anthu omwe ali pakati pa nsalu yotseguka komanso yofanana ndi yoyanjanitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati operand popanda kusintha.
[5]
Monga lamulo la Tcl losungidwa mu mabakia. Lamulo lidzayankhidwa ndipo zotsatira zake zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati operand.
[6]
Monga ntchito ya masamu zomwe ziganizo zake zili ndi mawonekedwe omwe ali pamwambawa, monga tchimo ($ x) . Onani m'munsimu mndandanda wa ntchito zowonongeka.
Kumalo kumene kumalowekanso pamwamba (mwachitsanzo mkati mwa zingwe zolembedwera), zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malangizo a mawuwo. Komabe, njira yowonjezera yowonjezera ingakhale yapangidwa kale ndi wotsogolera lamulo asanayambe kutchulidwa pulojekitiyo. Monga tafotokozera m'munsimu, ndibwino kuti tiikepo mawu pa braces kuti tipewe kulowetsa mmalo mwazolembazo.
Pa zitsanzo zina za mawu osavuta, tiyerekeze kuti variable variable ili ndi mtengo 3 ndipo chosinthika b chili ndi mtengo 6. Kenaka lamulo kumbali ya kumanzere kwa mizere ili m'munsiyi idzapindulitsa ku mbali yeniyeni ya mzere:
expr 3.1 + $ a6.1 expr 2 + "$ a. $ b" 5.6 expr 4 * [llength "6 2"] 8 expr {{word one} <"mawu $ a"} 0Ogwira ntchito
Ogwira ntchito ovomerezekawa ali pansipa, ophatikizidwa mu dongosolo loyamba:
- + ~!
Osagwirizanitsa, osabisala, kuphatikizapo, osamvetsetsa, SABATA, osamveka. Palibe mwazinthu izi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zamagetsi, ndi nzeru zenizeni SIZINGAGWIRITSIDWA ntchito kokha ku intekiti.
* /%
Lonjezani, gawani, otsalira. Palibe mwazinthu izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zamagetsi, ndipo zotsalira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzinthu zonse. Ena otsala adzakhala ndi chizindikiro chomwecho monga wopereka malangizo komanso mtengo wochepa kwambiri kuposa wopanga.
+ -
Onjezani ndi kuchotsa. Zavomerezedwa pazinthu zamtundu uliwonse.
<< >>
Kusunthira kumanzere ndi kumanja. Kuvomerezeka kwa ma intaneti opita okha. Kusintha kwabwino nthawi zonse kumasokoneza chizindikiro cha chidindo.
<> <=> =
Boolean wamng'ono, wamkulu, wotsika kapena wofanana, ndi wamkulu kapena wofanana. Aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito 1 ngati vuto liri loona, 0 apo ayi. Ogwiritsira ntchitowa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku zingwe komanso opaleshoni zam'manja, momwe kugwiritsira ntchito zingwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
==! =
Boolean ofanana ndi osalingana. Aliyense opanga amapanga zotsatira zero / imodzi. Zolondola pa mitundu yonse ya operand.
&
Nzeru zosavuta. Kuvomerezeka kwa ma intaneti opita okha.
^
Okhazikika kwambiri OR. Kuvomerezeka kwa ma intaneti opita okha.
| |
Nzeru zochepa OR. Kuvomerezeka kwa ma intaneti opita okha.
&&
Zolingalira ndi. Zimapanga zotsatira 1 ngati ntchito zonsezo sizinali zodzi, 0 apo ayi. Zovomerezeka za boolean ndi nambala (zolemba kapena zozungulira) zikugwira ntchito zokha.
||
Zosamveka OR. Zimapangitsa zotsatira 0 ngati zonsezi ndi zero, 1 mwinamwake. Zovomerezeka za boolean ndi nambala (zolemba kapena zozungulira) zikugwira ntchito zokha.
x ? y : z
Ngati-ndiye-kwina, monga mu C. Ngati kuganizira ndi osakhala zero, ndiye zotsatira zake ndizofunika kwa y . Apo ayi, zotsatira zake ndizofunika z . The x opand ayenera kukhala ndi chiwerengero chamtengo.
Onani Bukuli la C kuti mudziwe zambiri za zotsatira zomwe opanga aliyense amachita. Gulu lonse la ogwiritsira ntchito labina lamanzere kuchoka kumanja kupita kumanja mkati mwa msinkhu womwewo. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo
expr 4 * 2 <7amabwezera 0.
The && , || , ndi?: ogwira ntchito ali ndi 'kuunika kwaulesi' 'monga momwe ziliri ndi C, zomwe zikutanthawuza kuti opaleshoni siziyesedwa ngati sizikufunikira kudziwa zotsatira. Mwachitsanzo, mu lamulo
expr {$ v? [a]: [b]}imodzi mwa [a] kapena [b] idzayankhidwa, malinga ndi mtengo wa $ v . Tawonani, komatu, izi ndi zoona zokhazokha ngati mawu onsewa atsekedwa mu braces; Apo ayi, woyang'anira Tcl adzasanthula onse [a] ndi [b] asanayambe kuitanitsa expr .
Ntchito za Math
Tcl imathandizira zotsatirazi za masamu m'mawu:
abs cosh log sqrt acos kawiri log10 srand asin exp pow tan atan floor rand tanh atan2 fmod round ceil hypot sin cos int sinhpalibe ( arg )
Kubwezeretsa mtengo wapatali wa arg . Arg akhoza kukhala wamkulu kapena otsetsereka, ndipo zotsatira zimabweretsedwanso mu mawonekedwe omwewo.
zolemba ( arg )
Amabwezeretsa arc cosine ya arg , mumtunda [0, pi] radians. Arg ayenera kukhala m'mabuku [-1,1].
asin ( arg )
Kubwezeretsa arc sine ya arg , m'makina osiyanasiyana [-pi / 2, pi / 2]. Arg ayenera kukhala m'mabuku [-1,1].
atan ( arg )
Ibwezeretsa arc tangent ya arg , mumtundu wa [-pi / 2, pi / 2] wa radians.
atan2 ( x, y )
Ikubwezeretsa tcenti ya y / x , pamtunda [-pi, pi] radians. x ndi y onse sangakhale 0.
sungani ( arg )
Ibwezera mtengo wochepa kwambiri wa integer osachepera kusiyana.
chiwonetsero ( arg )
Kubwezeretsa cosine ya arg , kuyesedwa mu radians.
sungani ( arg )
Kubwezeretsa hyperbolic cosine wa arg . Ngati zotsatirazo zikhoza kuyambitsa kusefukira, cholakwika chimabweretsedwa.
mawiri ( arg )
Ngati ndilo mtengo woyandama, amabweretsanso ndondomeko, osatembenuziranso dothi kuti ayambe kuyandama ndikubwezera mtengo wotembenuzidwa.
exp ( arg )
Ibwezeretsa kufotokozera kwa arg , kutanthauzidwa monga e ** arg . Ngati zotsatirazo zikhoza kuyambitsa kusefukira, cholakwika chimabweretsedwa.
pansi ( arg )
Kubwezeretsa mtengo waukulu kwambiri wamtengo wapatali kuposa arg .
fmod ( x, y )
Kubwezeretsa gawo loyandikana la magawo a x ndi y . Ngati y ndi 0, vuto linabwezedwa.
chosowa ( x, y )
Amagwirizana ndi kutalika kwa chidziwitso cha katatu ( x * x + y * y ).
int ( arg )
Ngati nthenda yamtengo wapatali, imabweretsanso ndondomeko, osatembenuziranso dothi kuti ikhale yochuluka ndi truncation ndikubwezera mtengo wotembenuzidwa.
lozani ( arg )
Kubwezeretsa logarithm yachilengedwe ya arg . Arg ayenera kukhala wofunika kwambiri.
log10 ( arg )
Ibwezera maziko a logarithm 10 a arg . Arg ayenera kukhala wofunika kwambiri.
pow ( x, y )
Zimagwirizana ndi kufunika kwa x kukwezedwa ku mphamvu y . Ngati x ndi yosayenera, y iyenera kukhala mtengo wolemera.
rand ()
Kubwezera chiwerengero choyandama kuchokera ku zero kufika pachepera imodzi kapena, mu masamu, mawu osiyanasiyana [0,1]. Mbewu imachokera mkati mwa mawonekedwe a mkati mwa makina kapena ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi ntchito yoyenera.
kuzungulira ( arg )
Ngati nthenda yamtengo wapatali, imabweretsanso ndondomeko, osatembenuziranso dothi kuti ikhale yongowonjezera ndikubwezeretsanso mtengo wotembenuzidwa.
tchimo ( arg )
Ibwezeretsa sine ya arg , yoyezedwa mu radians.
sinh ( arg )
Kubwezeretsa hyperbolic sine ya arg . Ngati zotsatirazo zikhoza kuyambitsa kusefukira, cholakwika chimabweretsedwa.
sqrt ( arg )
Kubwezeretsa mizu ya square. Arg ayenera kukhala wosakhala woipa.
srand ( arg )
Mtsinje, womwe uyenera kukhala wochuluka, umagwiritsiridwa ntchito kubwezeretsanso mbewu ya jenereta ya random. Kubwezera chiwerengero choyamba chokhazikika kuchokera ku mbewuyo. Wamasulira aliyense ali ndi mbewu yake.
tani ( arg )
Kubwezeretsa mkhalidwe wa arg , woyezedwa mu radians.
tani ( arg )
Kubwezeretsa hyperbolic tangent ya arg .
Kuwonjezera pa ntchito izi, ntchito zingathe kufotokozera ntchito zina pogwiritsira ntchito Tcl_CreateMathFunc ().
Mitundu, Kuphulika, ndi Kukonzekera
Mauthenga onse a mkati omwe amawerengera amtunduwu amachitika ndi mtundu wa C kutalika , ndipo mayina onse ophatikizapo omwe akuphatikizapo oyandikana nawo akuchitidwa ndi mtundu wachiwiri C. Pamene mutembenuza chingwe ku malo oyandama, kuwonetsa kokwanira kukuwonekera ndipo kumabweretsa vuto la Tcl. Kuti mutembenuzire ku nambala ya chingwe, kuzindikira kwa kusefukira kumadalira khalidwe la machitidwe ena mu bukhu la C, kotero ziyenera kuonedwa ngati zosakhulupirika. Mulimonsemo, nambala yodzaza ndi kusefukira kawirikawiri sichidziwika movomerezeka chifukwa cha zotsatira zapakatikati. Malo otsetsereka akusefukira ndi kusefukira amadziwika ku digiriyayo yothandizidwa ndi hardware, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yodalirika kwambiri.
Kusandulika pakati pa zizindikiro za mkati, zowonjezereka, ndi makina opangidwa ndi zingwe zimachitika moyenera ngati pakufunikira. Kwa malemba a masamu, integers zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka nambala yowonjezera yowonjezera imayambitsidwa, kenako kenako ikuyendera. Mwachitsanzo,
expr 5/4imabwerera 1, pomwe
expr 5 / 4.0 expr 5 / ([chingwe kutalika "abcd"] + 0.0)onse amabwerera 1.25. Makhalidwe oyendetsa-malo akubwerera nthawi zonse ndi `` . '' kapena e kuti asamawoneke ngati amtengo wapatali. Mwachitsanzo,
expr 20.0 / 5.0amabwezera 4.0 , osati 4 .
Mphindi Ntchito
Zingwe zamagetsi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga opaleshoni ya opanga oyerekeza, ngakhale owonetsera mawu akuyesa kuyerekeza monga nambala kapena malo oyandama pamene angathe. Ngati wina wa opaleshoniyi ndi chingwe ndipo winayo ali ndi chiwerengero chamtengo wapatali, nambala ya operand imatembenuzidwanso ku chingwe pogwiritsira ntchito C sprintf mafotokozedwe a % d a integers ndi % g a maiko oyandama. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo
expr {"0x03"> "2"} expr {"0y" <"0x12"}onse obwereranso 1. Chofanizira choyamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza, ndipo chachiwiri chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe pambuyo pa ntchito yachiwiri yomwe yasinthidwa ku chingwe 18 . Chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi cha Tcl chochita zinthu monga nambala kulikonse komwe zingatheke, sizingakhale bwino kugwiritsira ntchito ogwira ntchito ngati == pamene mukufunadi kufanana kwachindunji ndi zikhulupiliro za ogwira ntchito zingakhale zosasintha; Ndibwino kuti muzochitika izi mugwiritse ntchito chikhomo mmalo mwake.
Maganizo
Lembani mawu mu braces kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino komanso zosungirako zochepetsetsa. Izi zimalola TCl bytecode makina kuti apange code yabwino.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mawu amalowezedwa kawiri: kamodzi ndi woyimilira Tcl ndipo kamodzi ndi command expr . Mwachitsanzo, malamulo
ikani 3yi b {$ a + 2} expr $ b * 4kubwereranso 11, osati ochuluka a 4. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti wogwiritsa ntchito Tcl adzalowe m'malo $ $ + 2 kuti asinthe b , ndiye kuti command ya expr idzasanthula mawu akuti $ a + 2 * 4 .
Mawu ambiri sasowa kuzungulira kwachiwiri kwa m'malowa. Zomwe zili mkati mwazibambo kapena, ngati sichoncho, zowonjezera zomwe zimasinthidwa ndi zolamulidwa zimapereka manambala kapena zingwe zomwe sizidzifuna okha. Komabe, chifukwa malemba angapo osasunthika amafunika kuti alowe m'malo awiri, wolemba makinawa ayenera kutumiza malangizo ena kuti athetse vutoli. Malamulo okwera mtengo kwambiri amafunika kuti mawu osagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe ali ndi malonjezedwe ammalo. Mawu awa ayenera kukhazikitsidwa mwa kupanga chikhomo chatsopano nthawi iliyonse mawuwo akuchitidwa.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu
masamu, boolean , kufanizitsa, kufotokozera, kufanana kwakukulu
Chofunika: Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la munthu ( % munthu ) kuti muwone momwe lamulo likugwiritsira ntchito pa kompyuta yanu.