Kukonzekera Maofesi a Unix / Linux ndi Ufulu Wofikira Mbiri

Kugwiritsira ntchito chmod kuti Sinthani kapena Sinthani Fayilo ndi Zolinga Zamakalata

Machitidwe opangidwa ndi Unix ndi Linux amapatsa ufulu wopezeka pa mafayilo ndi mauthenga pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu yopezeka (kuwerenga, kulemba ndi kuchitapo) omwe apatsidwa kwa magulu atatu (mwini, gulu ndi ena ogwiritsa ntchito).

Ngati mutalemba zambiri za ziphatso za fayilo pogwiritsa ntchito ls command ndi -l kusintha (mwachitsanzo ls -l filename ), ikhoza kubwereza mauthenga omwe angawoneke ngati -rwe-rw-r- omwe amalinganiza kuwerenga, kulemba ndi perekani maudindo kwa mwiniwake, werengani ndi kulemba maudindo a gululo ndipo muwerengere kuwerenga kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena onse.

Mitundu iliyonse ya ufulu wofikira uli ndi mtengo wotsatizana womwe uli pansipa:

• werengani = 4
• lemba = 2
• execute = 1

Makhalidwe a ufulu wopezeka pa gulu lirilonse amawonjezedwa palimodzi kuti apeze mtengo pakati pa 0 ndi 7 omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupereka kapena kusintha zilolezo pogwiritsa ntchito chmod (kusintha mode mode).

Mu chitsanzo pamwambapa, ufulu wopezeka pa fayilo yomwe ili mu funsoyi ingaperekedwe mwa kulowa mu chmod 764 fayile . Chiwerengero cha 764 chinachokera ku:

• ya = 4 (werengani) + 2 (lembani) + 1 (execute) = 7
• rw = 4 (werengani) + 2 (kulemba) = 6
• r = 4 (kuwerenga) = 4

Mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo la chmod kuti mupatse ufulu wopezeka ku mafayilo ndi mauthenga. Kumbukirani kuti malamulo a Unix ndi Linux ndi mayina awo ndizovuta. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito " chmod " osati CHMod kapena makina ena apamwamba ndi apamwamba.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito lamulo la chmod:

• Kufikira kwa aliyense:
  • chmod 777 fayile
• mwayi wokwanira wa mwini ndi mwayi wa gulu koma owerenga ena akhoza kuwerenga ndi kuchita:
  • chmod 775 fayile
• mwayi wokwanira wa mwini, koma kulepheretsa gulu ndi zina mwachindunji mwayi wowerengera ndikuwongolera mafayilo m'ndandanda:
  • chmod 755 dirname
• Kupeza kwathunthu kwa mwiniwake wopanda ufulu wopezeka kapena maudindo kwa wina aliyense:
  • chmod 700 filename
• mulibe mwayi wolemba mafayilo ku gulu kapena ena ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mwiniwake kuti aziwerenga ndi kuchita maudindo poteteza kuchotsa mwangozi kapena kusinthidwa kwa mafayilo m'ndandanda:
  • chmod 500 dirname
• kulola mwiniyo ndi gulu kuti awerenge ndi kulemba kulumikiza kwa fayilo, kulola ena mu gulu kuti asinthe kapena kuchotsa fayilo komanso mwiniwake, koma alibe mwayi kwa ena ogwiritsa ntchito:
  • chmod 660 filename