Mautumiki a Ethernet ambiri m'mipingo yapadziko lonse
Kwa zaka makumi angapo, Ethernet yatsimikiziridwa ngati tebulo yotsika mtengo, yofulumira komanso yotchuka kwambiri. Phunziroli likufotokoza momwe ntchito Ethernet ikuyendera komanso momwe ingagwiritsire ntchito pakhomo ndi kunyumba.
Mbiri ya Ethernet
Bob Metcalfe ndi DR Boggs anakhazikitsa Ethernet kuyambira 1972. Malonda a malonda ogwirizana ndi ntchito yawo adakhazikitsidwa mu 1980 pansi pa ndondomeko ya IEEE 802.3. Mafotokozedwe a Ethernet amatanthauzira ma protocol apansi a deta omwe ali otsika ndi opanga luso la opanga opanga ayenera kudziwa kumanga zinthu za Ethernet monga makadi ndi zingwe.
Teknoloji ya Ethernet yasintha ndipo inakula pa nthawi yaitali. Ambiri ogula angadalire zogulitsira katundu wa Ethernet kuti agwire ntchito monga momwe anagwiritsira ntchito ndi kugwirira ntchito wina ndi mzake.
Ethernet Technology
Traditional Ethernet imathandizira kusamutsidwa kwa data pa mlingo wa megabits 10 pamphindi (Mbps) . Pamene ntchito ikufunika pa ma intaneti ikuwonjezeka panthawi yambiri, makampaniwa adapanga zofunikira zina za Ethernet za Fast Ethernet ndi Gigabit Ethernet. Ethernet yofulumira imapanga ntchito ya Ethernet yachikhalidwe mpaka 100 Mbps ndi Gigabit Ethernet kufika pa 1000 Mbps mofulumira. Ngakhale mankhwala sakupezeka kwa ogulitsa ambiri, 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10,000 Mbps) imakhalansopo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zamalonda ndi Internet2.
Nthano za Ethernet zimapangidwira kulimonse mwazinthu zina zomwe zimayendera. Chingwe chotchuka kwambiri cha Ethernet chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito panopo, chingwe cha 5 kapena CAT5 , chimagwirizanitsa kawiri ndi kachitidwe ka Fast Ethernet. Chigawo cha 5e (CAT5e) ndi zingwe za CAT6 zimachirikiza Gigabit Ethernet.
Kuti mugwirizane ndi makina a Ethernet ku kompyuta (kapena chipangizo china cha intaneti), munthu amasula chingwe mwachindunji ku doko la Ethernet la chipangizo. Zida zina popanda Ethernet zothandizira zingathenso kuthandizira ma Ethernet pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu monga USB-to-Ethernet adapters. Zingwe za Ethernet zimagwiritsa ntchito ojambulira omwe amawoneka ngati ojambulira RJ-45 ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matelefoni.
Kwa ophunzira: Mu njira ya OSI, teknoloji ya Ethernet ikugwira ntchito pazithupi za thupi ndi deta - Gawo limodzi ndi Awiri motsatira. Ethernet imathandizira mapulogalamu onse otchuka ndi apamwamba, makamaka TCP / IP .
Mitundu ya Ethernet
Kawirikawiri wotchedwa Thicknet, 10Base5 ndiyomweyi yoyamba ya teknolojia ya Ethernet. Makampaniwa amagwiritsa ntchito Thicknet m'ma 1980 mpaka 10Base2 Thinnet adawonekera. Poyerekeza ndi Thicknet, Thinnet anapatsa ubwino wolemera maselimita asanu ndi 10 ndi makina osakanikirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kumanga nyumba zaofesi ku Ethernet.
Njira yofala kwambiri ya Ethernet, komabe, inali 10Base-T. 10Base-T amapereka mphamvu zamagetsi kuposa Thicknet kapena Thinnet, chifukwa zipangizo 10Base-T zimagwiritsa ntchito waya wokhotakhota (UTP) m'malo mwa coaxial. 10Base-T inatsimikiziranso kuti ndi yotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi njira monga fiber optic cabling.
Miyezo yambiri ya Ethernet yodziwika bwino ilipo, kuphatikizapo 10Base-FL, 10Base-FB, ndi 10Base-FP kwa ma fiber optic network ndi 10Broad36 kwa makina akuluakulu (TV). Mitundu yonse yapamwambayi, kuphatikizapo 10Base-T yakhala yopanda ntchito ndi Fast and Gigabit Ethernet.
Zambiri Zokhudza Ethernet Yothamanga
Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1990s, teknoloji ya Fast Ethernet inakula ndipo inakwaniritsa zolinga zake za (a) kuonjezera machitidwe a Ethernet yachikhalidwe pomwe b) kupeĊµa kufunika kowonjezera makina onse a Ethernet omwe alipo. Ethernet Fast imabwera mu mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:
- 100Base-T (pogwiritsira ntchito chingwe chophwanyika chosagwedezeka)
- 100Base-FX (kugwiritsa ntchito fiber optic chingwe)
Zomwe zimatchuka kwambiri ndi 100Base-T, muyezo womwe umaphatikizapo 100Base-TX (Gulu la UTP), 100Base-T2 (Gawo 3 kapena UTP), ndipo 100Base-T4 (100Base-T2 kabling yosinthidwa kuti iphatikizepo zina ziwiri waya awiriawiri).
Zambiri Zokhudza Gigabit Ethernet
Pamene Ethernet yofulumira imapangitsa Ethernet kuti ikhale yabwino kuyambira 10 Megabit mpaka 100 Megabit liwiro, Gigabit Ethernet ili ndi kusintha komweko kwakulakula pa Fast Ethernet mwa kupereka maulendo a 1000 Megabits (1 Gigabit). Gigabit Ethernet inayamba kuyendetsedwa pamwamba pa optical and copper cabling, koma chikhalidwe cha 1000Base-T chikuchirikiziranso bwino. 1000Base-T amagwiritsa ntchito Gawo lachisanu lachikholo lofanana ndi 100 Mbps Ethernet, ngakhale kuti kufika gigabit liwiro kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mawiri awiri a waya.
Mauthenga a Ethernet ndi Ma protocol
Traditional Ethernet imagwiritsa ntchito tebulo la basi, kutanthawuza kuti zipangizo zonse kapena makamu omwe ali pa intaneti amagwiritsira ntchito mzere wofanana woyankhulana. Chida chilichonse chiri ndi aderese ya Ethernet, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti MAC . Kutumiza zipangizo zimagwiritsa ntchito ma Adresse Ethernet kuti zidziwitse wolandila mauthenga.
Deta yotumizidwa pa Ethernet ilipo m'mafelemu. Chojambula cha Ethernet chiri ndi mutu, gawo la deta, ndi phazi lokhala ndi mapiri oposa 1518. Mutu wamtundu wa Ethernet uli ndi maadiresi a onse omwe akufuna kulandira ndi wotumiza.
Deta yomwe yatumizidwa pa Ethernet imatumizidwa kuzipangizo zonse pa intaneti. Poyerekeza adilesi yawo ya Ethernet motsutsana ndi adilesi pamutu wamakono, chipangizo chilichonse cha Ethernet chimayesa fomu iliyonse kuti chidziwe ngati chidawongolera ndi kuwerengera kapena kutaya fomu yoyenera. Zida zamakono zimaphatikizapo ntchitoyi ku hardware yawo.
Zida zogwiritsa ntchito Ethernet yoyamba kufufuza pofuna kudziwa ngati mulingo ulipo kapena ngati kachilombo ka HIV kakupitirirabe. Ngati Ethernet ikupezeka, chipangizo chotumizira chimatumiza ku waya. N'zotheka, komabe, kuti zipangizo ziwiri zidzakwaniritsa mayesowa nthawi yomweyo ndipo zonsezi zidzaperekanso panthawi yomweyo.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe, monga malonda ogwira ntchito, chiyero cha Ethernet sichimalepheretsa mauthenga ambirimbiri omwe amachokera palimodzi. Zomwe zimatchedwa kugwedezeka, zikachitika, zimapangitsa kuti zonsezi zisawonongeke ndipo zimafuna kuti magetsi onse atumize. Ethernet imagwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko yowonjezera nthawi yochepa kuti idziwe nthawi yoyenera yolindira pakati pa kubwezeretsanso. Kugwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamuwa kumagwiritsanso ntchito ndondomekoyi.
Mu Ethernet yachizolowezi, pulogalamuyi yolumikiza, kumvetsera, ndi kuyang'ana kugwirizana kumadziwika ngati CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection). Mitundu ina yatsopano ya Ethernet sagwiritsa ntchito CSMA / CD. M'malo mwake, amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa duplex Ethernet protocol, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yolembera ndondomeko imodzi ndi imodzi ndipo imalandira popanda kumvera.
Zambiri Zambiri Za Ma Ethernet
Monga tanenera kale, zingwe za Ethernet zilibe malire, ndipo kutalika kwake (mongafupi mamita 100) sikukwanira kuika makina akuluakulu ndi aakulu. Kowonjezeranso mu Ethernet kutumikizira ndi chipangizo chomwe chimalola kuti zingapo zingapo zikhale pamodzi ndi kutalika kwake kuti zigawidwe. Chipangizo cha mlatho chingagwirizane ndi Ethernet kupita kuntaneti ina ya mtundu wina, monga waya opanda waya. Mtundu wina wotchuka wa makina obwereza ndi makina a Ethernet. Zida zina nthawi zina zimasokonezeka ndi ma-hubs amasintha ndi maulendo .
Zida zamakono a Ethernet zimakhalanso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Makompyuta atsopano aumwini ndi zotetezera masewera ali ndi adapala Ethernet yokhazikika. Adapulogalamu a USB-to-Ethernet ndi makina opanda waya Ethernet angakonzedwenso kuti agwire ntchito ndi zipangizo zambiri zatsopano.
Chidule
Ethernet ndi imodzi mwa njira zamakono za intaneti. Ngakhale kuti ndi okalamba, Ethernet ikupitirizabe kulamulira maofesi ambiri padziko lonse ndipo ikukula bwino kukwaniritsa zosowa zapamwamba zogwirira ntchito.