Dhclient - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client
SYNOPSIS
[ -pf -file ] - [ -pf -file-file ] [ -pf -file ] [ -ff -file ] Seva [ -ss ] [ -g relay] [ -n ] [ -nw ] [ -w ] [ if0 [ ... ifN ]]
DESCRIPTION
Malonda a Internet Software Consortium DHCP Client, dhclient, amapereka njira zogwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu amodzi kapena ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, BOOTP protocol, kapena ngati malamulowa akulephera, mwa kupereka mwachindunji adiresi.
NTCHITO
Pulogalamu ya DHCP imalola munthu wothandizira kuti alumikizane ndi seva yapakati yomwe imakhala ndi mndandanda wa ma intaneti omwe angaperekedwe pa imodzi kapena zingapo. Wothandizira DHCP angafunse adiresi kuchokera ku dziwe ili, ndikugwiritseni ntchito panthawi yokambirana pa intaneti. Pulogalamu ya DHCP imaperekanso njira zomwe wothandizira angaphunzire zambiri zofunika zokhudza intaneti yomwe imamangirizidwa, monga malo a router default, malo otchedwa seva, ndi zina zotero.
Poyambira, dhclient imatha kuwerenga dhclient.conf kwa malangizo okonzera. Icho chimapeza mndandanda wa mautumiki onse a makanema omwe akukonzedwa mu dongosolo lamakono. Kwa mawonekedwe onse, amayesetsa kukonza mawonekedwe pogwiritsa ntchito protocol DHCP.
Kuti muzitsatira ndondomeko zotsatsa ndondomeko zowonongeka ndi ma seva, dhclient amasunga mndandanda wa maukwati omwe wapatsidwa ku dhclient.leases (5) fayilo. Poyamba, mutatha kuwona fayilo ya dhclient.conf, dhclient imawerenga foni ya dhclient.leases kuti ikambirane zomwe zimagulitsidwa.
Pamene kukonzedwanso kwatsopano kumapezedwa, kumatumizidwa kumapeto kwa fayilo ya dhclient.leases. Pofuna kuteteza fayilo kuti ikhale yayikulu, nthawi ndi nthawi dhclient imapanga fayilo yatsopano ya dhclient.leases kuchokera mu-core core database. Dalaivale yakale ya dhclient.leases imasungidwa pansi pa dzina lakuti dhclient.leases ~ mpaka nthawi yotsatira idzalembanso kachidindo.
Zolembedwa zakale zimasungidwa pozungulira ngati seva ya DHCP sichipezeka ngati dhclient ayambe kuitanidwa (kawirikawiri panthawi yoyamba ya boot process). Zikatero, maofesi akale ochokera ku dhclient.leases mafayi omwe sanafikepo ayesedwa, ndipo ngati atsimikizika kukhala ovomerezeka, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufikira atatha kapena seva ya DHCP ikupezeka.
Wogwiritsa ntchito mafoni omwe nthawi zina amafunikira kupeza intaneti yomwe palibe seva ya DHCP yomwe ingakhalepo ingakhale ikutsatiridwa ndi kukonza kwa adiresi yokhazikika pa intaneti. Pamene mayesero onse okhudzana ndi seva ya DHCP alephera, dhclient adzayesa kutsimikizira mgwirizano wogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo ngati ipambana, idzagwiritsira ntchito ngongoleyo mpaka itayambiranso.
Wogwiritsa ntchito mafoni angathenso kupita kumagulu ena omwe DHCP sichipezeka koma BOOTP ndi. Zikatero, zingakhale zopindulitsa kukonzekera ndi network networking kuti alowe pa bolodi la BOOTP, kuti womverayo akhoze kuthamanga mofulumira pamtunda umenewo m'malo mokwera njinga kupyolera mu mndandanda wa maukwati akale.
MITU YA NKHANI
Maina a ma intaneti omwe ma dhclient ayesetsedwe kuyimilira anganenedwe pa mzere wa lamulo. Ngati palibe maina a mawonekedwe omwe atchulidwa pa mzere wotsogola dhclient nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mautumiki onse ogwiritsira ntchito makina, kuchotseratu maofesi osatumizira ngati n'kotheka, ndikuyesera kupanga mawonekedwe onse.
N'zotheka kufotokozera maofesilo ndi dzina mu fayilo ya dhclient.conf (5) . Ngati malumikizidwe akufotokozedwa mwanjira iyi, ndiye kuti kasitomala adzangolumikiza maofesi omwe amawongolera pa fayilo yosinthidwa kapena pa mzere wa lamulo, ndipo adzanyalanyaza zina zonse.
Ngati kasitomala wa DHCP ayenera kumvetsera ndi kutumiza pa doko kusiyana ndi muyezo (piritsi 68), a_p flag angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Izi ziyenera kutsatiridwa ndi chiwerengero cha dock chimene dhclient chiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Izi ndi zothandiza kwambiri pakukonza malingaliro. Ngati chinyama chosiyana chimatchulidwa kuti kasitomala amvetsere ndi kuwatumizira, wothandizirayo adzagwiritsanso ntchito phokoso losiyana-siyana - lalikulu kuposa lidoti lolowera.
Wothandizira wa DHCP amafalitsa mauthenga aliwonse a protocol omwe amatumiza asanapeze adresse ya IP, 255.255.255.255, ma Adiresi ochepa a IP. Pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro, zingakhale zothandiza kuti seva ipereke mauthengawa ku adilesi ina. Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi_ndi mbendera, motsatiridwa ndi adiresi ya IP kapena dzina lachilendo cha komwe likupita.
Pofuna kuyesa, munda wa giaddr wa mapaketi onse omwe makasitomala amatumizira akhoza kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito -g flag, wotsatira ndi adilesi ya IP kutumiza. Izi ndizothandiza pokhapokha kuyesedwa, ndipo sitiyenera kuyembekezera kugwira ntchito mwa njira iliyonse yodalirika kapena yothandiza.
Wothandizira DHCP nthawi zambiri amatha kutsogolo mpaka atakonza mawonekedwe, kenako adzabwerera kumbuyo. Kuti agwiritse ntchito dhclient kuti nthawi zonse azitha kuthamanga, mbendera iyenera kufotokozedwa. Izi ndizothandiza mukamayendetsa makasitomala pansi pa deta, kapena mukamayendetsa mu inittab pa machitidwe a System V.
Wolemba kasitomala amajambula mauthenga otsegulira ndikuwonetsa ndondomekoyi motsatira zolakwika zolemba descriptor mpaka atapeza adiresi, ndiyeno mauthenga okhawo ogwiritsira ntchito syslog (3) malo. Khola la -q limalepheretsa mauthenga alionse kupatula zolakwika kuti asindikizidwe ku zolakwika zolemba descriptor.
Wolemba kasamalidwe kawirikawiri samamasula kukodola kumeneku ngati sakufunika ndi protocol ya DHCP. Zingwe zina za ISPs zimafuna makasitomala awo kuti amudziwitse seva ngati akufuna kutulutsa adilesi ya IP. Mbendera ya -r imatulutsira mwatsatanetsatane kukasamalikako, ndipo pokhapokha kukonzanso kumasulidwa, wogula achoka.
Mtsinje -1 imayambitsa dhclient kamodzi kuti agulitse. Ngati izo sizingatheke, kuchoka kwa dhclient ndi kutuluka kachiwiri kachiwiri.
Wothandizira DHCP amatha kupeza chidziwitso chake kuchokera ku /etc/dhclient.conf, malo ake osungirako malonda kuchokera ku /var/lib/dhcp/dhclient.leases, amasungira ndondomeko yake mu fayilo yotchedwa /var/run/dhclient.pid, malumikizidwe ogwiritsira ntchito / sbin / dhclient-script Kuti mudziwe mayina osiyanasiyana ndi / kapena malo a mafayilowa, gwiritsani ntchito -cf, -lf, -pf ndi -of flags, motsatiridwa, motsatira dzina la fayilo. Izi zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri ngati, mwachitsanzo, / var / lib / dhcp kapena / var / run sizinayambe pamene makasitomala a DHCP ayambitsidwa.
Wothandizira wa DHCP amachoka ngati sangathe kuzindikira ma intaneti omwe angakonzedwe. Pamakompyutalagalamu apakompyuta ndi makompyuta ena omwe ali ndi mabasi O / O osungunuka otentha kwambiri, n'zotheka kuti mawonekedwe owonetserako akhoza kuwonjezeredwa pambuyo poyambira. I- bendera ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangitsa kasitomala kuti asatuluke pamene sakupeza mapangidwe oterowo. Pulogalamu yamakono (8) ingagwiritsidwe ntchito podziwitsa wothandizirayo ngati mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe awonjezeredwa kapena kuchotsedwa, kotero kuti kasitomala akhoza kuyesa kulumikiza adilesi ya IP pa mawonekedwe ake.
Wothandizira DHCP akhoza kulangizidwa kuti asayese kukonza mapangidwe aliwonse pogwiritsa ntchito -n flag. Izi zikhoza kukhala zothandiza kuphatikiza ndi -w flag.
Wothandizirayo akhoza kulangizidwa kuti akhale daemon nthawi yomweyo, osati kuyembekezera mpaka atapeza adilesi ya IP. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mwa kupereka mbendera -nw .
KUFUNIKA
Chidule cha fayilo ya dhclient.conf (8) ikukambidwa mosiyana.
OMAPI
Wothandizira DHCP amapereka mphamvu yowongolera pamene ikuyenda, popanda kuimitsa. Mphamvu imeneyi imaperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito OMAPI, API yokonza zinthu zakutali. Makasitomala a OMAPI akugwirizanitsa ndi kasitomala pogwiritsa ntchito TCP / IP, kutsimikizirika, ndipo amatha kuyang'ana momwe alili panopa ndikusinthira.
M'malo motsatira ndondomeko yoyenera ya OMAPI, mapulogalamu ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito dhcpctl API kapena OMAPI yokha. Dhcpctl ndizomwe zimayendetsa ntchito zina zapakhomo zomwe OMAPI sizichita. Dhcpctl ndi OMAPI zinalembedwa mu dhcpctl (3) ndi omapi (3) . Zambiri zomwe mukufuna kuzichita ndi kasitomala zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji lamulo la (1) lamulo, m'malo molemba pulogalamu yapadera.
CHOLINGA CHOLINGA
Kulamulira kumakupatsani inu kutsekera makasitomala pansi, kumasula maulendo onse omwe amagwira ndikuchotsa DNS iliyonse yomwe idalembedwera. Ikuthandizani kuti muime pang'onopang'ono ndi makasitomala - izi sizimasintha zomwe zilizonse zomwe omvera akugwiritsa ntchito. Mutha kuyambanso, zomwe zimayambitsanso kuziyanjanitsa. Mwinanso mumaletsa wofuna chithandizo musanapite ku hibernation kapena kugona pa kompyuta laputopu. Mudzayambiranso ntchitoyi mutatha mphamvu. Izi zimathandiza kuti makhadi a PC atseke pamene kompyuta ikuwombera kapena kugona, ndiyeno nkubwezeretsanso ku dziko lawo lakale kamodzi kakompyuta ikatuluka usiku kapena usiku.
Chinthu cholamulira chimakhala ndi chikhumbo chimodzi - chikhalidwe cha boma. Kuti mutseke wothandizirayo, yikani chikhalidwe chake pa 2. Icho chidzangokhala DHCPRELEASE. Kuti muyimitse, yesani chikhalidwe chake ku 3. Kuti mupitirizebe, yikirani chikhalidwe chake pa 4.
Chofunika: Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la munthu ( % munthu ) kuti muwone momwe lamulo likugwiritsira ntchito pa kompyuta yanu.