Chilichonse chimene mukufunikira kudziwa za ma intaneti apadera
Adilesi ya IP yapadera ndi adilesi ya IP yomwe yasungidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mkati mwa router kapena chipangizo china cha Network Address Translation (NAT), kupatulapo anthu.
Maadiresi apadera a IP akusiyana ndi ma adireti a IP , omwe ali ovomerezeka ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pakhomo la nyumba kapena bizinesi.
Nthaŵi zina malo apadera a IP adatchulidwanso kuti adilesi ya IP .
Kodi Ndi Ma IP Athu Amene Ali Pabanja?
Internet Inapatsidwa Manambala Olamulira (IANA) ili ndi ma adilesi otsatirawa a IP omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati adzi apadera a IP:
- 10.0.0.0 mpaka 10.255.255.255
- 172.16.0.0 mpaka 172.31.255.255
- 192.168.0.0 mpaka 192.168.255.255
Mndandanda woyamba wa ma adresse a IP kuchokera pamwamba umalola ma adresse oposa 16 miliyoni, yachiwiri kwa oposa 1 miliyoni, ndi oposa 65,000 pautali womaliza.
Maulendo ena apadera a IP ndi 169.254.0.0 mpaka 169.254.255.255 koma ndi Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) ogwiritsira ntchito.
Mu 2012, IANA inapereka maadiresi 4 miliyoni a 100.64.0.0/10 kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito muzochitika za NAT.
Chifukwa Chimene Maadiresi Okhazikitsa Pakompyuta Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito
M'malo mokhala ndi zipangizo mkati mwa nyumba kapena malonda a bizinesi aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito adiresi ya pa Intaneti, yomwe imakhala yochepa, maadiresi apadera a IP amapereka ma adresi osiyana omwe amalolabe kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti koma popanda kutenga malo apadela a IP .
Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tione router yowonongeka pa intaneti. Ambiri omwe amabwera kunyumba ndi mabizinesi padziko lonse lapansi, mwinamwake wanu ndi mnansi wanu wotsatira, onse ali ndi adilesi ya IP ya 192.168.1.1, ndipo amagawira 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, ... kwa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwirizana nazo ( kudzera pa chinachake chotchedwa DHCP ).
Ziribe kanthu kaya angati otere amatha kugwiritsa ntchito adiresi ya 192.168.1.1, kapena angapo angapo kapena magulu ochuluka mkati mwa ma intaneti omwe akugawana nawo ma intaneti ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ma intaneti ena, chifukwa sali kulankhulana mwachindunji .
M'malo mwake, zipangizo zomwe zili mu intaneti zimagwiritsa ntchito router kuti zimasulire zopempha zawo kudzera pa adiresi ya IP, yomwe ingathe kuyankhulana ndi ma adresi ena apakompyuta ndipo potsiriza kumalo ena.
Langizo: Osatsimikiza kuti router yanu kapena pakompyuta yachinsinsi ya IP address ndi yani? Onani Mmene Ndingapezere Chipatala Changa Chokhazikika Pake? .
Ma hardware mkati mwa intaneti yomwe ikugwiritsira ntchito apadera adilesi ya IP akhoza kuyankhulana ndi zipangizo zina zonse mkati mwa makina awo , koma amafuna router kuti aziyankhulana ndi zipangizo kunja kwa ukonde, pambuyo pake adesi ya IP idzagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyankhulana.
Izi zikutanthauza zipangizo zonse (laptops, desktops, mafoni, mapiritsi , ndi zina) zomwe zili mu makina apadera padziko lonse lapansi zingagwiritse ntchito apadera a IP omwe alibe malire, omwe sungathe kuyankhulidwa pa ma adiresi a IP.
Ma adiresi apadera a IP amaperekanso njira zothandizira zomwe sizikusowa kulankhulana ndi intaneti, monga ma seva a fayilo, osindikiza, ndi zina zotero, kuti adzalankhulanabe ndi zipangizo zina pa intaneti popanda kuwonetsedwa mwachindunji kwa anthu.
Ma Adresse A IP
Mndandanda wina wa ma intaneti a IP omwe amalembedwa mochulukirapo amatchedwa ma IP adasungidwa . Izi ndizofanana ndi maadiresi apamtunda apamtunduwu chifukwa chakuti sangagwiritsidwe ntchito poyankhula pa intaneti yayikulu, koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuposa izo.
Malo otchuka kwambiri otetezedwa IP ndi 127.0.0.1 . Adilesi iyi imatchedwa address loopback ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa chipangizo cha network kapena chip integrated. Palibe malonda omwe atumizidwa ku 127.0.0.1 akutumizidwa pa intaneti kapena pa intaneti.
Mwachidziwitso, zonsezi kuyambira 127.0.0.0 mpaka 127.255.255.255 zasungidwa ndi zofuna za loopback koma simudzawona chilichonse koma 127.0.0.1 ogwiritsidwa ntchito mu dziko lenileni.
Maadiresi omwe amachokera ku 0.0.0.0 mpaka 0.255.255.255 amapezedwanso koma samachita kalikonse. Ngati mungathe kugawa chipangizo pa intaneti, sizingagwire ntchito mosasamala kanthu komwe kuli pa intaneti.
Zambiri Zambiri pa Maadiresi Okhaokha a IP
Pamene chipangizo chofanana ndi router chatsekedwa mkati, chimalandira adiresi ya IP ya anthu kuchokera ku ISP . Ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi router zomwe zimapatsidwa makalata apadera a IP.
Monga ndanenera pamwambapa, maadiresi apadera a IP sangathe kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi adiresi ya IP. Izi zikutanthauza ngati chipangizo chomwe chili ndi adesi ya IP yapadera chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti, choncho sichitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chipangizocho sichitha kugwiritsira ntchito makompyuta mpaka adiresi itatembenuzidwira ku adiresi yogwira ntchito kudzera mu NAT, kapena mpaka pempho liri Kutumiza kumatumizidwa kudzera mu chipangizo chomwe chiri ndi aderesi yoyenera ya IP.
Magalimoto onse ochokera pa intaneti angagwirizane ndi router. Ichi ndi chowonadi pa chirichonse kuchokera muyendedwe la HTTP nthawi zonse kupita ku zinthu monga FTP ndi RDP. Komabe, chifukwa amachesi a IP apadera ali obisika pambuyo pa router, woyendetsa ayenera kudziwa kuti IP address yake iyenera kupereka chidziwitso kwa inu ngati mukufuna chinachake monga FTP seva kuti ikhale pa makina a nyumba.
Kuti izi zitheke bwino pa maadiresi apamtunda a IP, kuyendetsa sitima ayenera kukhazikitsidwa.