Dziwani momwe Mapulogalamu Amakhalira Angalumikize pa Intaneti
Kukhoza kugwirizanitsa pa intaneti ziribe kanthu komwe kulili ndi mbali yofunikira ya laptops. Zotsatira zake, kuyanjana kwa intaneti ndizofunikira kwa laptops onse. Zina mwazo ndizofala kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zovuta koma zimakhala zosiyana pang'ono zomwe zingachititse kusiyana kwa machitidwe. Bukuli lidzakuthandizani kuthetsa zomwe iwo ali komanso momwe akuziyeretsera.
Wi-Fi (opanda waya)
Mauthenga opanda waya opanda pulogalamu ya Wi-Fi yakhala ikuphulika zaka zambiri ndikupanga mbali yofunikira pa makompyuta onse apakompyuta. Pali zizindikiro zambiri za machitidwe osiyanasiyana ndi maulendo a maukonde a Wi-Fi omwe mungagule mukagula makompyuta a laputopu kuti mudziwe momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
Pakali pano pali miyezo isanu ya Wi-Fi yomwe ingapezeke pa makompyuta apakompyuta. 802.11b ndi yakale kwambiri yothamanga pa 11Mbps mu 2.4GHz wailesi. 802.11g amagwiritsa ntchito mawailesi a 2.4GHz omwewo koma akhoza kutumiza mpaka 54Mbps mofulumira. Ndi kumbuyo kumayenderana ndi 802.11b muyezo. 802.11a amagwiritsa ntchito mafilimu a 5GHz opanga maulendo opambana komanso ofanana 54Mbps. Sikumayenderana kumbuyo chifukwa cha maulendo osiyanasiyana a pawailesi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yowonjezeka kwambiri ya Wi-Fi ndiyoyeso 802.11n. Mtengo uwu ndi wosokoneza kwambiri ngati chipangizo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito ma radio a 2.4GHz kapena 5GHz. Njira yaikulu yofotokozera ngati laputopu imatulutsa 802.11a / g / n kapena 802.11b / g / n. Olemba mndandanda wa / g / n muyezo wa Wi-Fi adzakhala ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mtundu wa wailesi pamene b / g / n ingagwiritse ntchito magetsi a 2.4GHz okha. Tawonani kuti ena omwe adatchulidwa kuti 802.11b / g / n angathe kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a 5GHz. Olemba mndandanda wazitsulo ziwiri ali ndi mphamvu zogwiritsa ntchito awiri ndi 5GHz. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mafilimu a 5GHz omwe ali ndi ubwino wokhala ochepa kwambiri m'madera ambiri kuti akhale abwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa pang'ono.
Ma lapulogalamu ambiri tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito ma Wi-Fi atsopano a 5G. Izi zimachokera pa miyezo 802.11ac. Zogulitsa izi zimati zimatha kukwaniritsa mitengo ya 1.3Gbps yomwe imakhala katatu kuposa 802.11n ndi yofanana ndi ya ma Intaneti. Monga muyezo wa 802.11a, imagwiritsa ntchito mafupipafupi 5GHz koma iwiri-band amatanthawuza imathandizanso 802.11n pafupipafupi 2.4GHz.
Omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amawona maulendo angapo omwe ali pa kompyuta laputopu, monga 802.11b / g. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makompyuta apakompyuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi miyezo yonse ya Wi-Fi yolembedwa. Kotero, ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana a intaneti, yang'anani makompyuta a laputopu omwe ali ndi 802.11ac kapena 802.11a / g / n makina opanda waya. Izi zingathenso kutchulidwa ngati gulu lachiwiri la 802.11n popeza limathandiza ma 2.4GHz ndi 5GHz.
Nazi ndandanda ya miyezo ya Wi-Fi:
- 802.11a - 54Mbps, 5GHz Band, Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Kwambiri Ndi Makampani
- 802.11b - 11Mpbs, 2.4GHz Band
- 802.11g - 54Mbps, 2.4GHz Band
- 802.11n - Kupita ku Standard 450Mbps, 2.4 kapena 5GHz Band
- 802.11ac - Kufikira 1.3Gbps, 5GHz Band koma Kumbuyo Yogwirizana ndi magulu a 2.4GHz kudzera pa 802.11n
Ethernet (Wired Networking)
Mpaka makompyuta opanda makina atayamba kufalikira, kugwiritsira ntchito makompyuta othamanga kwambiri kunkafunika kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha Ethernet chogwirizanitsidwa kuchokera ku laputopu kupita ku chipangizo cha intaneti. Ethernet yakhala yowonongeka makina opanga ma PC PC kwa zaka zambiri zomwe zimapezeka pafupifupi pafupifupi makompyuta onse. Pogwiritsa ntchito makapu ang'onoang'ono monga ultrabooks omwe alibe malo oyenera pa chingwe chowongolera, machitidwe ambiri tsopano akuchotsa mawonekedwe omwe nthawizonse amawoneka.
Pali mitundu iwiri yofanana ya Ethernet yomwe ikuchitika pakalipano. Chofala kwambiri mpaka posachedwa chinali Fast Ethernet kapena 10/100 Ethernet. Ili ndi mlingo waukulu wa data wa 100Mbps ndipo ili kumbuyo ikugwirizana ndi miyezo yakale ya 10Mbps Ethernet. Izi ndi zomwe zimapezeka pamagetsi ambiri ogula malonda monga modem ndi DSL modems. Miyezo yaposachedwa kwambiri ndi Gigabit Ethernet. Izi zimapereka chithandizo chogwirizana mpaka 1000Mbps pa magetsi ogwirizana. Monga Fast Ethernet, imabwereranso kumbuyo ndi mitundu yochepa ya ma intaneti.
Kufulumira kwa mawonekedwe a Ethernet kungakhale kofunika kwambiri pamene kugwirizanitsa pakati pa zipangizo pa intaneti ya m'deralo (LAN) . Kulumikizana kwakukulu kwambiri kwa bandeti kumapita mofulumira kusiyana ndi msinkhu wa Fast Ethernet ngakhale izi zikuyamba kusintha ndi mawotchi othamanga kwambiri omwe akuyikidwa.
bulutufi
Bluetooth ndidiyeso yopanda mauthenga opanda waya omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma 2.4GHz ofanana ndi Wi-Fi. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa maulumikiza a pakompyuta osati m'malo enieni. Pali mbali imodzi imene ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi yomwe ikuyimira foni yopanda foni . Izi zimalola laputopu kugwiritsira ntchito chida cha data cha waya opanda waya. Mwamwayi, ambiri ogwira mafoni opanda waya ku United States samaloleza kapena kukhala ndi katundu wambiri kuti awathandize ndi chipangizo. Onetsetsani ndi chithandizo chanu ngati ichi ndi chinthu chomwe mungakhale nacho chidwi. Chiwonetserochi sichikudziwika bwino ngakhale tsopano chifukwa cha ma Wi-Fi opambana mafoni.
Wopanda waya / 3G / 4G (WWAN)
Kuphatikizidwa kwa modems opanda waya kapena 3G / 4G kugwiritsira ntchito makina okonza mapulogalamu akuphatikizapo makompyuta apakompyuta. Ojambula nthawi zambiri amatchula izi ngati malo osungirako malo osayendetsedwa opanda waya kapena WWAN. Izi zingalole kompyuta yodula pakompyuta kuti igwirizane ndi intaneti kudzera pa intaneti yothamanga kwambiri yopanda foni pamene palibe njira ina yothetsera. Izi zingakhale zothandiza koma ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa zimafuna mgwirizano wapadera. Kuphatikiza apo, ma modem opanda waya opangidwa ku laptops amakhala otsekedwa kumalo operekera kapena gulu la intaneti. Zotsatira zake, sindikupempha ogwiritsa ntchito kufufuza zinthu izi ndi kugula modem yangokhala opanda waya yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito USB ngati mukufunadi msonkhano woterewu. Njira ina ndi chipangizo cha mobile hotspot chomwe chikuphatikizapo Wi-Fi router ku modem opanda waya. Amafunabe mgwirizano wa deta koma ali ndi mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pafupifupi chipangizo chilichonse cha Wi-Fi.
Modem
Pomwe pali njira yowonjezereka kwambiri yochezera, ma modems sakupezeka pa laptops iliyonse tsopano. Kugwiritsira ntchito mauthengawa ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri yochezera ma PC makompyuta. Ngakhale kugwirizana kwapakompyuta kumakhala kofala kwambiri panyumba, pamene pamsewu kumadera akutali iyi ikhoza kukhala njira yokha yolumikizira. Chingwe chophweka cha foni chinalowetsedwa pa laputopu ndipo jack ya foni imalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuti agwirizane kudzera pa akaunti yojambulira. Ngakhale kuti ma laptops ambiri sangawononge ma dokowa, nthawizonse zimatha kugula modem yosakwera mtengo yosakanikirana ndi USB yogwiritsira ntchito pafupifupi kompyuta iliyonse. Chimodzimodzinso ndi kuti ma modem analog sagwira ntchito ndi ma VoIP ambiri chifukwa cha kuwerengetsa deta.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma data audio transmissions pa mafoni, maulendo opitirira 56Kbps afikiridwa kwa nthawi ndithu. Laputopu iliyonse yomwe ili ndi modem idzakhala yogwirizana 56Kbps. Kusiyana kokha ndiko kuwerengedwa monga v.90 kapena v.92 mtundu. Izi ndi mitundu iwiri ya njira zogwirizanitsa deta ndipo zimasinthasintha kwambiri pokhudzana ndi kulumikizana kwamtundu.