Mafomu m'mapulogalamu a spreadsheet monga Excel ndi Google Spreadsheets amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ziwerengero kapena zochitika zina pa deta yomwe yapangidwa mu ndondomeko ndi / kapena yosungidwa m'mafayilo a pulogalamu.
Zitha kukhala zochokera ku masamu akuluakulu , monga kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa, ku zovuta zamakono ndi zowerengetsera.
Mafomu ndi othandiza pochita zochitika ngati "zochitika" zomwe zikufanizira ziwerengero pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha deta. Mukamalowa, muyenera kusintha ndalamazo kuti ziwerengedwe. Simukuyenera kulowa "kuphatikiza ichi" kapena "kusiya" monga momwe mumachitira ndi kachipangizo chokhazikika.
Mafomu Ayamba ndi & # 61; Chizindikiro
Mu mapulogalamu monga Excel, Open Office Calc , ndi Google Spreadsheets, ma fomu amayamba ndi chizindikiro chofanana (=) ndipo, mbali zambiri, amalowa mu selo lamasewera komwe tikufuna kuti zotsatira kapena mayankho awonekere .
Mwachitsanzo, ngati formula = 5 + 4 - 6 inalowetsedwa mu selo A1, mtengo 3 ukawonekera pamalo amenewo.
Dinani pa A1 ndi ndondomeko yamagulu, komabe, ndi ndondomekoyi ikuwonetsedwa muzenera zamatabwa pamwamba pa tsamba.
Kuwonongeka kwa Malamulo
Fomu ikhoza kukhala ndi iliyonse kapena izi zonsezi:
- miyezo
- zovuta
- zizindikiro za maselo
- ntchito
- oyendetsa
Makhalidwe
Makhalidwe apangidwe sikuti amangokhala ndi chiwerengero koma angaphatikizepo:
- masiku
- mauthenga - mawu - kawirikawiri ozunguliridwa ndi zizindikiro za quotation ( "" )
- Zofunikira za Boolean - ZOONA kapena ZOKHALA zokha
Ma Constant Makhalidwe
Nthawi zonse-monga momwe dzina limasonyezera - ndi mtengo wosasintha. Kapena samawerengedwa. Ngakhale kuti makina amatha kukhala odziwika bwino monga Pi (Π) - chiŵerengero cha mzere wa bwalo mpaka kukula kwake - angakhalenso mtengo - monga msonkho kapena tsiku lina - zomwe zimasintha nthawi zambiri.
Mafotokozedwe a Mapepala mu Mafomu
Maumboni a magulu - monga A1 kapena H34 - amasonyeza malo a deta m'kabuku kapena buku. M'malo molemba deta mwachindunji, kawirikawiri ndi bwino kuti mulowetse deta m'maselo apakompyuta ndipo kenaka mulowetse mafotokozedwe a malo omwe muli detayi .
Ubwino wa izi ndi:
- ngati mutasintha deta yanu mchitidwewo umasintha zosonyeza zotsatira zatsopano;
- Nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito ma selo amachititsa kuti zikhoze kufotokoza ma fomu kuchokera pamalo amodzi kupita kwina pa tsamba.
Kuti mukhale ophweka kulowa maulendo angapo ogwiritsira ntchito maselo, akhoza kutsekedwa ngati njira zomwe zimangosonyeza mapeto ndi mapeto. Mwachitsanzo, maumboni, A1, A2, A3 akhoza kulembedwa ngati A1: A3.
Kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta kwambiri, zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri zimapatsidwa dzina lomwe lingakhale lopangidwa m'mafomu.
Ntchito: Zomangidwe Zowonjezera
Mapulogalamu apamwamba ali ndi mavoti angapo omangidwa omwe amatchedwa ntchito.
Ntchito zimakhala zosavuta kuchita:
- ntchito zomwe kawirikawiri zimachitika - monga kuwonjezera zipilala kapena mizere ya manambala ndi ntchito SUM
- ntchito yayitali kapena yovuta - monga kupeza zenizeni ndi ntchito ya VLOOKUP
Opanga Machitidwe
Chiwerengero cha masamu kapena masamu ndi chizindikiro kapena chizindikiro chimene chimaimira ntchito ya masamu mu Excel formula.
Ogwira ntchito amalongosola mtundu wa mawerengedwe omwe akuchitidwa ndi njirayo.
Mitundu ya ogwira ntchito
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya owerengetsera olemba omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafomu ndi awa:
- masamu - amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa masamu akuluakulu monga kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa
- kufanana
- kukambitsirana malemba
Arithmetic Operators
Zina mwa opanga masamu - monga omwe akuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa - ndi ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmawu olembedwa-manja, pamene kuwonjezeka, magawano, ndi zosiyana zimakhala zosiyana.
Onse opanga masamu ndi awa:
- Kuchotsa - kusayina chizindikiro ( - )
- Kuwonjezera - kuphatikiza chizindikiro ( + )
- Gawani - kutsogolo kutsogolo ( / )
- Kuwonjezeka - asteriski ( * )
- Kutsatsa - chisamaliro ( ^ )
Ngati oposa angapo akugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji, pali dongosolo lapadera la ntchito yomwe Excel ikutsatira posankha ntchito yoyamba ikuchitika.
Kuyerekezera Opanga
Wogwiritsira ntchito , monga momwe dzina limatchulira, amayerekezera pakati pa mfundo ziwiri muzondomekoyo ndi zotsatira za kufananitsa kwake zikhoza kukhala ZOONA kapena ZONSE.
Pali ogwira ntchito oyerekezera asanu ndi limodzi:
- Ofanana ( = )
- Pang'ono ndi ( < )
- Zosakwana kapena zofanana ndi ( <= )
- Mkulu kuposa ( > )
- Wamkulu kuposa kapena wofanana ( > = = )
- Osati wofanana ndi ( <> )
Zolemba za OR ndi OR ndi zitsanzo za mafomu omwe amagwiritsira ntchito opanga mafanizo.
Concatenation Operator
Concatenation imatanthauza kugwirizanitsa zinthu palimodzi ndipo wogwirizanitsa ndi ampersand " & " ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pophatikiza mndandanda wa ma data mu fomu.
Chitsanzo cha izi ndi:
{= INDEX (D6: F11, MATCH (D3 & E3, D6: D11 & E6: E11, 0), 3)}
kumene wogwiritsira ntchito akugwiritsiridwa ntchito kuti aphatikize mndandanda wa ma data osiyanasiyana mu fomu yojambula pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya Excel INDEX ndi MATCH .