NAME
--wonetsani / kuyendetsa pulogalamu ya IP yothetsera
SYNOPSIS
njira [ -CFvnee ]
njira
[ -v ] [ -Abanja ] onjezani [ -net | -hosting ] [ netmask Nm] [ gw Gw] [ metric N] [ mss M] [ window W] [ irtt I] [ rekani ] [ mod ] [ dyn ] [ reinstate ] [[ dev ] Ngati]
njira
[ -v ] [ -Abanja ] del [ -net | -hosting ] [ gw Gw] [ netmask Nm] [ mamita N] [[ dev ] Ngati]
njira
[ -V ] [ --version ] [ -h ] [ --help ]
DESCRIPTION
Njira imayendetsa ma pulogalamu a IP kernel. Ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kukhazikitsa njira zowonongeka kupita kumalo enaake kapena ma intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe omwe athandizidwa ndi pulogalamu ya ifconfig (8).
Pamene njira zowonjezera kapena zapadera zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, njira imasintha magetsi. Popanda njira izi, njirayo ikuwonetsera zamkati zomwe zili m'matawuni ozungulira.
OPTIONS
-Abanja
gwiritsani ntchito adilesi yam'ndandanda (mwachitsanzo `inet '; gwiritsani ntchito' njira --help 'pa mndandanda wathunthu).
-F
ntchito pa tebulo la FIB (Forwarding Information Base). Izi ndi zosasintha.
-C
gwiritsani ntchito cache yosungira kayendedwe ka kernel.
-v
sankhani ntchito ya verbose.
-n
onetsani maadiresi amodzi m'malo moyesera kudziwa mayina achiyanjano. Izi ndizothandiza ngati mukuyesera kupeza chifukwa chake njira yopita kwa nameserver yatha.
-a
gwiritsani ntchito netstat (8) maonekedwe kuti muwonetse tebulo loyendetsa. -iwo adzapanga mzere wautali kwambiri ndi magawo onse kuchokera pa tebulo loyendetsa.
del
Chotsani njira.
onjezerani
onjezani njira yatsopano.
cholinga
malo ogwiritsira ntchito kapena obwera. Mukhoza kupereka ma intaneti IP mu maina a decimal kapena maubwenzi / makanema .
-net
Cholinga chake ndi intaneti.
-host
Cholinga chake ndi wolandira.
NM
pamene kuwonjezera njira yamagetsi, netmask yogwiritsidwa ntchito.
gw GW
mapaketi a njira kudzera pachipata. ZOYENERA: Chipata chodziwika chiyenera kukhala chotheka choyamba. Izi kawirikawiri zimatanthauza kuti muyenera kukhazikitsa njira yopita ku chipatala musanafike. Ngati mukulongosola adiresi ya malo anu amodzi, mungagwiritse ntchito posankha za mawonekedwe omwe mapiritsi ayenera kupitsidwira. Izi ndizogwirizana ndi BSDism.
M M
yikani mzere wa miyala mu tebulo loyendetsa ntchito (yogwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mademoni) kwa M.
mss M
ikani TCP Maximum Seeds Size (MSS) kuti mugwirizanitse njira iyi kupita ku M bytes. Chosawonongeka ndi chipangizo cha MTU chochepetsera mutu, kapena MTU wapansi pamene njira ya munthu yowonekera. Zokonzera izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukakamiza mapepala ang'onoang'ono a TCP kumapeto ena pamene njira yomwe munthu akupeza siigwira ntchito (kawirikawiri chifukwa cha ziwombankhanga zolakwika zomwe zimalepheretsa kugawidwa kwa ICMP)
window W
ikani kukula kwawindo la TCP kuti muzilumikizana pa njira iyi kupita ku W bytes. Izi ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito pa makanema a AX.25 ndipo madalaivala sangathe kubwerera kumbuyo mafelemu.
Irtt I
ikani nthawi yoyamba yozungulira (irtt) ya ma TCP kugwirizana pa njira iyi kupita ku milliseconds (1-12000). Izi ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu a AX.25 okha. Ngati simukusiya kusakhulupirika kwa RFC 1122 ya 300ms.
sakana
onetsetsani njira yotsekemera, yomwe ingakakamize njira kuyendetsa bwino. Izi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusokoneza mawonekedwe musanayambe njira yosasinthika. Izi sizomwe zikuwotcha moto.
mod, dyn, kubwereranso
sungani njira yamphamvu kapena yosinthidwa. Mbenderazi ndizofuna kugwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimangosinthidwa ndi ma demem.
dev Ngati
gwiritsani ntchito njira yomwe mungagwirizane ndi chipangizocho, monga momwe kernel ingayesere kudziwonera yokha (mwa kufufuza njira zomwe zilipo kale ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito, ndi kumene njirayo yawonjezeredwa). Muzinthu zambiri zachibadwa simudzasowa izi.
Ngati dev Ngati njira yotsiriza pa mzere wa lamulo, mawu dev akhoza kutayidwa, chifukwa ndi osasintha. Apo ayi, dongosolo la njira zosintha (metric - netmask - gw - dev) zilibe kanthu.
ZITSANZO
yowonjezera njira -net 127.0.0.0
imaphatikizapo kulowa kolowera, pogwiritsa ntchito netmask 255.0.0.0 (kalasi A tsamba, yovomerezeka kuchokera ku adiresi yoyenda) komanso yogwirizana ndi chipangizo cha "lo" (kuganiza kuti chipangizochi chinayikidwa bwinobwino ndi ifconfig (8)).
njira yowonjezera -net 192.56.76.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0
imapereka njira yopita ku intaneti 192.56.76.x kudzera "eth0". Khalidwe la C C netmask wosintha sili lofunikira pano chifukwa 192. * ndi adilesi ya IP A C. Mawu akuti "dev" akhoza kuchotsedwa apa.
njira yowonjezera gw mango-gw
akuwonjezera njira yosasinthika (yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati palibe njira zina zofanana). Mapaketi onse pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi adzalandidwa kudzera mu "mango-gw". Chipangizo chomwe chidzagwiritsidwe ntchito pa njirayi chimadalira momwe tingapezere "mango-gw" - njira yopita ku "mango-gw" iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kale.
njira yonjezerani ipx4 sl0
Yowonjezera njira yopita ku "ipx4" wokhala nawo kudzera pazithunzi za SLIP (poganiza kuti "ipx4" ndi mlendo wa SLIP).
yowonjezera njira -net 192.57.66.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw ipx4
Lamuloli likuwonjezera ukonde "192.57.66.x" kuti ulowetsedwe kudzera njira yoyamba yopita ku SLIP.
njira yowonjezera -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth
Ichi ndi chosasindikizidwa cholembedwa kotero anthu amadziwa momwe angachitire. Izi zimapanga njira zonse za D (multicast) IP kuti zikhale kudzera "eth0". Ili ndilo njira yoyenera yosinthira mzere ndi makina ambiri.
yowonjezera njira -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 kukana
Izi zimayambitsa njira yotsutsa yachinsinsi pawekha "10.xxx"
MUTU
Zotsatira za tebulo la kernel routing zikukonzedwa muzotsatira zigawozi
Kupita
Malo opita kumalo otsegulira kapena omwe akupita.
Chipatala
Adilesi ya pachipata kapena '*' ngati palibe.
Genmask
The netmask kwa ulendo wopita; '255.255.255.255' chifukwa cha malo omwe akupita ndi '0.0.0.0' kwa njira yosasinthika .
Flags
Mabendera omwe amawoneka angaphatikizepo
U (njira ilipo)
H (chandamale ndi woyang'anira )
G (gwiritsani ntchito chipata )
R ( yambitsaninso njira yowonongeka mwamphamvu)
D ( mwamphamvu mwayikidwa ndi daemon kapena kutumizira)
M ( kusinthidwa kuchokera ku routing daemon kapena kutumizira)
A (yoikidwa ndi addrconf )
C (kulowa mkati)
! ( kani njira)
Miyeso
'Mtunda' ku cholinga chake (kawirikawiri amawerengedwa). Sichigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maso aposachedwapa, koma angakhale osowa pogwiritsa ntchito ma daemoni.
Ref
Chiwerengero cha zolemba za njira iyi. (Osagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kernel ya Linux.)
Gwiritsani ntchito
Chiwerengero cha zokopa za njirayo. Malingana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito -F ndi -C izi zikhoza kukhala mwina zopanda malire (-F) kapena kugunda (-C).
Sintha
Chiyanjano chomwe mapaketi a njira iyi adzatumizidwa.
MSS
Zosasintha kukula kwa segement kukula kwa kugwirizana kwa TCP pa njira iyi.
Foda
Kusintha kwazenera pazenera za ma TCP pa njirayi.
irtt
Poyamba RTT (Round Trip Time). Kernel amagwiritsa ntchito izi kuti alingalire za zabwino kwambiri za TCP protocol popanda kuyembekezera (mwina pang'onopang'ono) mayankho.
HH (yosungidwa kokha)
Chiwerengero cha zilembo za ARP ndi njira zosungidwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa cache yamtundu wa hardware pa njira yosungidwa. Izi zidzakhala -1 ngati adiresi ya hardware sakufunika pa mawonekedwe a njira yachinsinsi (mwachitsanzo lo).
Chikumbutso (chosungidwa kokha)
Kaya kapenadidadi yadiresi yachinsinsi ya njira yosungidwira ili pakali pano.
ONANI ZINA
Chofunika: Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la munthu ( % munthu ) kuti muwone momwe lamulo likugwiritsira ntchito pa kompyuta yanu.