Gome la router (lomwe limatchedwanso kuyendetsa gome) imasungidwa deta yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mautumiki a TCP / IP kuti awerengere mauthenga omwe ali ndi udindo wopereka. Gome la router ndi deta yaing'ono yosungirako zinthu yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi hardware yomangidwa ndi kompyuta.
Mawotchi a Ma Router ndi Mazithunzi
Magome a router ali ndi mndandanda wa ma intaneti . Adilesi iliyonse m'ndandanda imatanthauzira mtunda wautali (kapena khomo lina la makanema ) limene woyang'anira wamba akukonzekera kuti awone.
Pa adiresi iliyonse ya IP, tebulo lapamwambayi imasungiranso maskiki ndi ma data ena omwe amasonyeza malo apadera a aderi a IP omwe zipangizo zakutali zidzavomera.
Mapulogalamu a pa intaneti amagwiritsira ntchito tebulo laling'ono kwambiri chifukwa amangoyendetsa magalimoto onse opita ku intaneti (Provider Service Provider) (ISP) yomwe imayang'anira njira zina zonse zoyendera. Ma tepala a router kunyumba amakhala ndi zolemba khumi kapena zochepa. Poyerekeza, makilomita aakulu kwambiri pa intaneti amagwiritsa ntchito nsanamira yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti yomwe ili ndi zolembera mazana angapo. (Onani Chidziwitso cha CIDR kuti chiwerengero chatsopano cha intaneti chikuyambe.)
Mphamvu motsutsana ndi Machitidwe Otsatira
Otola a kunyumba amapanga matebulo awo pokhapokha atagwirizanitsidwa ndi intaneti, njira yotchedwa dynamic routing . Amapanga ma tebulo a router limodzi kwa ma seva a DNS omwe amapereka chithandizo (primary, secondary and secondary if they are available) ndi cholowa chimodzi chokhazikika pakati pa makompyuta onse a kunyumba.
Iwo angapangenso njira zina zoonjezera zochitika zina zapadera kuphatikizapo maulendo osiyanasiyana ndi otsatsa .
Ma routers ena amtendere amakulepheretsani kuti musadwale kapena kusintha tebulo la router. Komabe, oyendetsa bizinesi amalola ogwira ntchito pazithunzithunzi kuti azisintha zowonongeka kapena kugwiritsira ntchito matebulo ozungulira.
Izi zotchedwa static routing zingakhale zothandiza pakukonzekera machitidwe ogwira ntchito ndi kudalirika. Pazithunzithunzi zapanyumba, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolimbitsa thupi sikofunikira kupatula muzochitika zachilendo (monga pokhazikitsa ma subnetworks ambiri ndi router yachiwiri).
Kuwona Zamkatimu Zamatepala Otsatira
Pamalo otsegula pamsewu kunyumba, mndandanda wazomwe zili patebulo amasonyezedwa pawindo mkati mwazondomeko zoyang'anira. Chitsanzo cha tebulo la IPv4 chikuwonetsedwa pansipa.
| Kupita ku LAN IP | Subnet Mask | Chipatala | Chiyankhulo |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0.0.0 | 0.0.0.0 | xx.yyy.86.1 | WAN (intaneti) |
| xx.yyy.86.1 | 255.255.255.255 | xx.yyy.86.1 | WAN (intaneti) |
| xx.yyy.86.134 | 255.255.255.255 | xx.yy.86.134 | WAN (intaneti) |
| 192.168.1.0 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.1.101 | LAN & Wopanda |
Mu chitsanzo ichi, zolemba ziwiri zoyambirira zimayimira njira kupita ku adiresi ya pa Intaneti ('xx' ndi 'yyy' amaimira zenizeni zenizeni za IP zomwe zimabisika chifukwa cha nkhaniyi). Cholowera chachitatu chimaimira njira yopita kwa a router kunyumba yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi apolisi. Chojambulira chotsiriza chimayimira njira ya makompyuta onse mkati mwa makanema a nyumba kupita ku router kunyumba, kumene router ili ndi adilesi ya IP 192.168.1.101.
Pa makompyuta a Windows ndi Unix / Linux, lamulo la netstat -r likuwonetsanso zomwe zili mu tebulo la router zomwe zimakonzedwa pa kompyuta.