Mmene Mungagwiritsire Ubuntu kuwonjezera A User kwa Sudoers

Lamulo lachikondi limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza zilolezo zanu za lamulo limodzi la Linux.

Mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo lachikondi kuti muthamange lamulo ngati wina aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuyendetsa lamulo monga wogwiritsa ntchito mizu.

01 a 08

Kodi Sudo ndi List List?

Ngati muli ndi ogwiritsa ntchito pa kompyuta yanu ndiye kuti simukufuna kuti ogwiritsa ntchito onse akhale oyang'anira chifukwa olamulira akhoza kuchita zinthu monga kukhazikitsa ndi kuchotsa mapulogalamu ndi kusintha kusintha kwa makina.

Kuti ndikusonyezeni chitsanzo cha lamulo lachikondi pogwiritsira ntchito kutsegula mawindo osatha ndikuyendetsa lamulo lotsatira:

chotsitsika chotsatira cowsay

Uthenga wamakono udzabwezedwa:

E: Simungathe kutsegula thumba / lock / lib / dpkg / lock - lotseguka (13: Chilolezo chinatsutsidwa)
E: Simungathe kutseka makalata oyang'anira (/ var / lib / dpkg /), kodi mumayambitsa?

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndizoti "Chilolezo chinatsutsidwa" ndi "Kodi mumayambitsa?".

Tsopano yesani lamulo lomwelo kachiwiri koma nthawiyi muike mawu akuti sudo kutsogolo kwake motere:

sudo apt-get install cowsay

Mudzafunsidwa kuti mulowemo mawu anu achinsinsi.

Ntchito ya cowsay ingathe kukhazikitsidwa tsopano.

Zindikirani: Cowsay ndi ntchito yaying'ono yatsopano yomwe imakulowetsani kulowa uthenga womwe umalankhulidwa ngati khola lakulankhula ndi ng'ombe.

Pamene mutangoyamba Ubuntu mumangodziika kukhala woyang'anira ndipo motero mumangowonjezera ku zomwe amadziwika kuti mndandanda wa sudoers.

Mndandanda wa okondawo uli ndi mayina a ma akaunti onse omwe ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lachikondi.

Kuzindikira kwa sudo ndikuti ngati mutachoka pa kompyuta yanu musanatseke izo poyamba ndipo munthu wina akuyendetsa makina anu sangathe kuyendetsa maulamuliro pa kompyuta chifukwa akufunikira mawu anu achinsinsi kuti ayendetse lamulolo.

Nthawi iliyonse mukamayendetsa lamulo lomwe likufuna maudindo a administrator mudzafunsidwa kuti mukhale ndi mawu achinsinsi. Izi ndizolondola pa chitetezo.

02 a 08

N'chiyani Chimachitika Ngati Simukukhala ndi Zolinga Zachikondi?

Osati ogwiritsa ntchito pa kompyuta yanu adzakhala ndi zilolezo za administrator ndipo kotero iwo sadzakhala mbali ya mndandanda wa okonda.

Pamene wina yemwe sali mu mndandanda wa sudoers amayesa kuthamanga lamulo ndi sudo adzalandira uthenga wotsatira:

wosuta sali mu fayilo lachikondi. Chochitika ichi chidzafotokozedwa

Izi ndizonso zodabwitsa. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito alibe zilolezo zowonjezera mapulogalamu kapena kuchita lamulo lina lililonse limene limafuna maudindo akuluakulu ndiye kuti sangathe kuchita ndipo ndizomwe amayesa kuti alowe.

03 a 08

Kodi Zolinga za Sudo Zimakhudza Kokha Langizo Lamulo?

Maudindo achikondi samangokhudza zochita za mzere wa lamulo. Chilichonse mu Ubuntu chimayang'aniridwa ndi malamulo omwewo otetezera.

Mwachitsanzo, mu chithunzi mudzawona kuti wogwiritsa ntchito tsopano ndi Tom amene ali wogwiritsira ntchito. Tom watenga katundu wa Ubuntu Software ndikuyesera kukhazikitsa phukusi la penti.

Window yachinsinsi ikuwonekera ndipo Tom akufunika kulowa mawu achinsinsi a wogwiritsa ntchito wotsogolera. Wolemba yekhayo ndi Gary.

Panthawiyi, Tom akhoza kuyesa kuganiza kuti Gary ali ndi chinsinsi koma kwenikweni sangapezeke paliponse ndipo sangathe kuchita zinthu zomwe sangathe kuzichita.

04 a 08

Mmene Mungapangire Mtumiki Wolamulira

Zitsogozo zambiri zambiri pa intaneti zikuwonetsani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mzere wa lamulo kuti muwonjezere wothandizira pa fayilo yojambula koma ichi ndi Ubuntu ndipo pali ntchito yabwino yoperekera ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amamangidwira.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito ku Ubuntu kusindikizira pamwamba pa Mgwirizano Wogwirizanitsa kapena kuyika makiyi apamwamba pa makiyi.

Zindikirani: Makiyi apamwamba ndiwo makiyi apadera pa makiyi anu. Pa makompyuta ambiri ndi makompyuta apakompyutayi ndilo fungulo ndi mawonekedwe a Windows pa ilo ndipo ili pafupi ndi fungulo la Alt

Pamene Unity Dash ikuwoneka mtundu "Ogwiritsa ntchito".

Chithunzi chidzawoneka ndi chithunzi cha anthu awiri pamenepo ndipo malemba adzalankhula "Akaunti za Akaunti". Dinani pazithunzi ichi.

Mwachisawawa, mudzatha kuona ogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi osasintha kanthu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zabwino kwambiri zotetezera.

Tangoganizani kuti monga woyang'anira wachoka pa kompyuta yanu ndipo winawake akungoyendayenda ndikusankha kuti adziwonjeze yekha ngati wogwiritsa ntchito. Iwo sangakhoze kuchita izo popanda neno lanu lachinsinsi.

Kuti musinthe ndondomeko iliyonse ya wogwiritsa ntchito muyenera kutsegula mawonekedwe. Dinani pa chithunzi "chotsegula" pamwamba pomwe pawindo yomwe imatchulidwa ndi padlock ndipo lowetsani mawu anu achinsinsi.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya ogwiritsa ntchito mu Ubuntu:

• Olamulira
• Ogwiritsa ntchito

Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akukhazikitsidwa monga oyang'anira akuwonjezedwa ku fayilo ya sudoers ndi ogwiritsira ntchito omwe sali.

Kotero kuti wonjezerani wosuta ku fayilo lachikondi, dinani pa mawu akuti "ogwiritsa ntchito" pafupi ndi mawu akuti "mtundu wa akaunti" ndipo pamene mndandanda wazowonongeka ukuwonekera woyang'anira kusankha.

Wogwiritsa ntchito tsopano ayenera kutuluka mu Ubuntu ndi kubwerera mmbuyo ndipo tsopano akhonza kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo lachikondi komanso kusintha masinthidwe ndi kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu pogwiritsa ntchito Ubuntu Software chida.

Chofunika: mutatha kusintha chirichonse muzokambirana zamakalata a osuta, dinani chithunzi chojambulira kachiwiri kuti mutseke chinsalu.

05 a 08

Momwe Mungachotsere Maudindo Otsogolera Ogwiritsa Ntchito

Kuchotsa mwayi wotsogolera kwa wosuta umangosintha mtundu wa akaunti kuchokera ku administrator kupita kuyeso.

Izi zimagwira ntchito mwamsanga ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito sangathe kuchita chilichonse chokweza mwamsanga mutasintha mtundu wawo wa akaunti kumbuyo.

06 ya 08

Mmene Mungapangire Mtumiki ku Fayilo Yoponda Pogwiritsa Ntchito Lamulo Lamulo

Mukhozadi kugwiritsa ntchito mzere wowonjezera kuti muwonjezere wosuta ku fayilo ya sudoers ndi kuphunzira malamulo otsatirawa kuti muwone momwe mungachitire pa china chirichonse chogawa kwa Linux chimene sudo chithandizira.

Wosuta aliyense yemwe ali mu gulu la "sudo" adzakhala ndi zilolezo zogwiritsira ntchito lamulo lachikondi kotero zonse zimene muyenera kuchita ndionetsetsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ndi gulu.

Kotero inu mukuchita bwanji izo? Tsatirani izi:

1. Tsegulani zenera zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito ALT ndi T
2. Gulu la magulu (mutengeni ndi dzina la wosuta mukufuna kuwonjezera kwa okonda, mwachitsanzo magulu a tom )
3. Mndandanda wa magulu ayenera kubwezeretsedwa. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito kale ali ndi maudindo achikondi gulu la sudo lidzawonekera, ngati simukuyenera kuwonjezera.
4. Kuwonjezera wothandizira mtundu wa sudo gpasswd -a sudo ( bweretsanso ndi wogwiritsa ntchito yomwe mukufuna kuwonjezera kwa okonda,
   mwachitsanzo sudo gpasswd-tom )

Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito panopa alowetsamo, ayenera kutuluka ndi kubwereranso kachiwiri kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi mwayi wodalirika komanso woyang'anira.

Dziwani: Lamulo la gpasswd lingagwiritsidwe ntchito popereka magulu mkati mwa Linux

07 a 08

Mmene Mungachotsere Munthu Wochokera ku Fayilo Yoponda Pogwiritsa Ntchito Lamulo Lamulo

Kuchotsa wogwiritsa ntchito pa fayilo ya sudoers pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wa lamulo tsatirani izi:

1. Tsegulani zenera zowonongeka
2. Gulu la magulu (Bweretsani ndi wogwiritsa ntchito mukufuna kuchotsa pa fayilo)
3. Ngati mndandanda wobwereza suwonetsa "sudo" ngati gulu ndiye simukusowa kuchita china chilichonse kupitilira 4
4. Lembani sudo gpasswd -d sudo ( Bweretsani ndi wogwiritsa ntchito yomwe mukufuna kuchotsa pa fayilo ya sudoers)

Wogwiritsa ntchito sangathe kuthamanga lamulo lililonse ndi mwayi wapamwamba.

08 a 08

Mmene Mungapezere Amene Anayesa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sudo Popanda Chilolezo

Pamene wogwiritsa ntchito amayendetsa lamulo lachikondi popanda chilolezo chilolezo uthenga wolakwika umanena kuti yesero lidzalowa.

Kodi ndondomeko zolakwika zili pati? Mu Ubuntu (ndi machitidwe ena a Debian) zolakwika zimatumizidwa ku fayilo yotchedwa /var/log/auth.log.

Pa machitidwe ena monga Fedora ndi CentOS zolakwika zimalowetsedwa ku / var / log / secure.

Mu Ubuntu mukhoza kuwona zolemba zolakwika polemba chimodzi mwa malamulo awa:

kats /var/log/auth.log | Zambiri

mchira /var/log/auth.log | Zambiri

Lamulo la paka limasonyeza fayilo yonse pawindo ndipo malamulo omwe angasonyeze akuwonetsa zotsatira za tsamba panthawi.

Lamulo la mchira limasonyeza mizere ingapo yapamwamba ya fayilo ndipo kachiwiri lamulo loti liwonetsedwe kuti liwonetsedwe tsamba pa nthawi.

Mu Ubuntu ngakhale pali njira yosavuta yowonera fayilo:

1. Dinani pazithunzi pamwamba pamsunkhu kapena pangitsani makiyi apamwamba.
2. Lembani "Lowani" mubokosi losaka
3. Pamene chizindikiro cha system.log chikuwonekera pang'anani pa izo
4. Dinani pa "auto.log"
5. Pendani pansi kuti muwone zolephera zatsopano kapena kuona zolephera za lero kuti muwonjeze chochita cha auto.log mwa kuwonekera pa izo ndikusani "Lero".