Lamulo la mayesero lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mzere wolamulira wa Linux kuti ufanane ndi chinthu chimodzi motsutsana ndi wina koma umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzokambirana za BASH monga gawo la mawu omwe ali ndi malamulo omwe amachititsa kuti ziganizo ndi mapulogalamu aziyenda.
Chitsanzo Chachikulu
Mukhoza kuyesa malamulo awa pokhapokha mutatsegula zenera .
yesani 1 -eq 2 && echo "inde" || tchulani "ayi"
Lamulo lapamwamba likhoza kuthyoledwa motere:
- kuyesa - izi zikutanthauza kuti mukufuna kupanga fanizo
- 1 - chinthu choyamba chimene mungachifanizire
- -eq (mukuyerekezera bwanji, mu nkhani iyi, mukuyesera ngati nambala imodzi ikufanana ndi ina)
- 2 - chinthu chomwe mukuchiyerekezera choyamba choyambanso
- && - chitani mawu otsatirawa ngati zotsatirazo ziri zoona
- Lembani "inde" - lamulo loti muthamange ngati kuyerekezera kubwereranso
- || - gwiritsani ntchito mawu otsatirawa ngati zotsatirazo ndi zabodza
- Yankho loti "ayi" - lamulo loti liziyenda ngati fanizo likubweranso
Mwachidziwikire, lamulo likufanizira 1 mpaka 2 ndipo likugwirizana ndi mawu akuti "inde" akuwonekera omwe amasonyeza "inde" ndipo ngati sakugwirizana ndi mawu akuti "ayi" akuwonekera omwe amasonyeza "ayi".
Kuyerekeza Numeri
Ngati mukufanizitsa zinthu zomwe zimayimira nambala zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito opanga oyerekeza otsatirawa:
- -eq - imatengera 1 mtengo wofanana 2
- -ge - ndi mtengo 1 waukulu kapena wofanana ndi mtengo 2
- -gt - ndi mtengo 1 woposa mtengo 2
- -le - ndi mtengo 1 wosakwana kapena wofanana ndi mtengo 2
- -ndipo - ndi mtengo 1 wochepa kuposa mtengo 2
- -ne - ili ndi mtengo 1 osati mtengo wofanana 2
Zitsanzo:
yesani 1 -eq 2 && echo "inde" || tchulani "ayi"
(amawonetsa "ayi" pawindo chifukwa 1 sali ofanana 2)
yesani 1 -nkhani 2 && echo "inde" || tchulani "ayi"
(amawonetsa "ayi" pawindo chifukwa 1 si wamkulu kapena ikufanana ndi 2)
yesetsani 1 -gt 2 && echo "inde" || tchulani "ayi"
(amawonetsa "ayi" pawindo chifukwa 1 si wamkulu kuposa 2)
yesani 1 -le 2 && echo "inde" || tchulani "ayi"
(amawonetsa "inde" pawindo chifukwa 1 ndi yochepa kapena yofanana ndi 2)
Yesetsani 1 -lt 2 && echo "inde" || tchulani "ayi"
(amawonetsa "inde" pawindo chifukwa 1 ndi yochepa kapena yofanana ndi 2)
Yesetsani 1 - 2 && echo "inde" || tchulani "ayi"
(amawonetsa "inde" pawindo chifukwa 1 sali ofanana 2)
Kuyerekezera Malemba
Ngati mukufanizira zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zingwe mungagwiritse ntchito opanga mafanizo otsatirawa:
- = - ali ndi chingwe 1 chingwe cha machesi 2
- ! = - chingwe 1 chosiyana ndi chingwe 2
- -n-ndilo chingwe chachikulu kuposa 0
- -n-ndi chingwe kutalika 0
Zitsanzo:
yesero "string1" = "string2" && echo "inde" || tchulani "ayi"
(amawonetsa "ayi" pawindo chifukwa "string1" silingamve "string2")
yesero "string1"! = "string2" && echo "inde" || tchulani "ayi"
(imaonetsa "inde" pawindo chifukwa "string1" silingamve "string2")
yesetsani -n "string1" && echo "inde" || tchulani "ayi"
(amasonyeza "inde" pawindo chifukwa "string1" ali ndi chingwe kutalika kuposa zero)
yesetsani -z "string string" && echo "inde" || tchulani "ayi"
(amawonetsa "ayi" pawindo chifukwa "string1" ali ndi chingwe kutalika kuposa zero)
Kuyerekeza Mafayilo
Ngati mukufanizira mafayilo mungagwiritse ntchito opanga mafanizo otsatirawa:
- -ef - Kodi mafayilo ali ndi chipangizo chimodzimodzi ndipo amafunikanso manambala (kodi ali mafayili omwewo)
- -nt - Kodi fayilo yoyamba imakhala yatsopano kuposa fayilo yachiwiri
- -ot - Kodi yoyamba ija ikukula kuposa fayilo yachiwiri
- -b - Fayilo ilipo ndipo imaletsa wapadera
- -c - Fayilo ilipo ndipo ndi khalidwe lapadera
- -d - Fayilo ilipo ndipo ndilolemba
- -e - Fayilo ilipo
- -f - Fayilo ilipo ndipo ndifayilo nthawi zonse
- -g - Fayilo ilipo ndipo ili ndi chiwerengero cha gulu
- -G - Fayilo ilipo ndipo mwiniyo ndi gulu la osuta
- -h - Fayilo ilipo ndipo ndikulumikiza kophiphiritsa
- -k - Fayilo ilipo ndipo ili ndi ndodo yake yokhazikika
- -L - Zofanana ndi -h
- -O - Fayilo ilipo inu ndinu mwini
- -p - Fayilo ilipo ndipo ndi chitoliro chotchedwa
- -r - Fayilo ilipo ndipo imawoneka
- -s - Fayilo ilipo ndipo ili ndi kukula kwakukulu kuposa zero
- -S - Fayilo ilipo ndipo ndi chingwe
- -t - Fayilo descriptor imatsegulidwa pa chitsimikizo
- -u - Fayilo ilipo ndipo chidutswa cha-user-id chimayikidwa
- -w - Fayilo ilipo ndipo imalembedwa
- -x - Fayilo ilipo ndipo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito
Zitsanzo:
kuyesa / njira / ku / file1 -n / njira / to / file2 && inde "inde"
(Ngati fayilo 1 yatsopano kuposa fayilo2 ndiye kuti "inde" idzawonetsedwa)
yesero -e / njira / to / file1 && echo "inde"
(ngati fayilo1 ilipo liwu lakuti "inde" lidzawonetsedwa)
yesero -O / njira / to / file1 && ndi "inde"
(ngati muli ndi fayilo1 ndiye kuti "inde" ikuwonetsedwa ")
Mawu omaliza
- Lembani mwapadera - Fayilo ndi chipangizo chomwe chimatanthawuza kuti deta imawerengedwera muzitsulo za byte. Izi ndizo mafayilo achitsulo monga ma drive ovuta.
- Makhalidwe apadera - Fayilo imachitidwa mwamsanga mukamalembera ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati chipangizo chojambulira
Kuyerekeza Makhalidwe Ambiri
Pakalipano chirichonse chimakhala chikufanizira chinthu chimodzi ndi wina koma bwanji ngati mukufuna kufanizitsa zinthu ziwiri.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati nyama ili ndi miyendo inayi ndikupita "moo" mwina ndi ng'ombe. Kungoyang'ana miyendo inayi sikungatsimikizire kuti muli ndi ng'ombe koma ndikuyang'ana phokoso limene limapanga.
Poyesa zikhalidwe zonsezi nthawi yomweyo mugwiritse ntchito mawu awa:
yesewero 4 -eq 4 -a "moo" = "moo" && echo "ndi ng'ombe" || echo "si ng'ombe"
Gawo lofunika apa ndilo-limene likuyimira ndipo.
Pali njira yabwino komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuchita mayeso omwewo ndi awa:
yesewero 4 -eq 4 && test "moo" = "moo" && echo "ndi ng'ombe" || echo "si ng'ombe"
Chiyeso china chimene mungafune kupanga chikufanizira mawu awiri ndipo ngati zili zoona zimatulutsa chingwe. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kufufuza kuti fayilo yotchedwa "file1.txt" ilipo kapena fayilo yotchedwa "file1.doc" mulipo mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo ili:
mayesero -e file1.txt -o -e file1.doc && echo "file1 alipo" || lembani "fayilo1 palibe"
Gawo lofunika apa ndi -lo limene likuimira kapena.
Pali njira yabwino komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuchita mayeso omwewo ndi awa:
mayeso -e file1.txt || yesero -e file1.doc && echo "file1 alipo" || lembani "fayilo1 palibe"
Kuchotsa mayesero ofunika
Simukufunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti yesetsani kuti muyerekeze. Zonse zomwe muyenera kuchita ndizitsekera mawuwa pa mabakiteriya awa:
[-i file1.txt] && echo "fayilo1 ilipo" || lembani "fayilo1 palibe"
[Ndipo] kwenikweni amatanthawuza chimodzimodzi ngati mayesero.
Tsopano mukudziwa izi zomwe mungachite poyerekeza ndi zinthu zambiri motere:
[4 -eq 4] && ["moo" = "moo"] && echo "ndi ng'ombe" || echo "si ng'ombe"
[-i file1.txt] || [-i file1.doc] && echo "fayilo1 ilipo" || lembani "fayilo1 palibe"
Chidule
Lamulo la mayesero ndi lothandiza kwambiri pamakalata chifukwa mukhoza kuyesa mtengo wa kusintha kosiyana ndi wina ndi kuyendetsa pulogalamu. Pa mzere wamtundu woyenera, mungagwiritse ntchito kuti muone ngati fayilo iliko kapena