Kufunsa ndi Pulofesa wa Criminnati
Kuphunzira za Cybercriminology akadakali wachinyamata kwambiri. Pulofesa Joe Nedelec wa yunivesite ya Cincinnati ndi mmodzi mwa ofufuza omwe akukakamiza kuti tiwone bwino chifukwa chake ovina ndi ophwanya pa Intaneti akuchita zomwe akuchita.
Pulofesa Nedelec ali ndi pulogalamu ya Criminal Justice ku U ya C. Anakumana ndi About.com kutiuza zambiri za maganizo a cybercriminal. Pano pali zolembedwa za kuyankhulana.
01 ya 05
Anthu Ophwanya Malamulo Sali Ofanana Ndi Ophwanya Misewu
About.com : "Pulofesa Nedelec: ndi chiyani chimapangitsa tiyi ya cybercriminal ndikusiyana bwanji ndi achigawenga?"
Prof. Nedelec:
Kafufuzidwe kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi mauthengawa ndi ovuta. Ochepa mwa iwo akugwidwa, kotero sitingathe kupita kundende kapena kundende kuti tikawafunse mafunso monga momwe tingathere ndi achigawenga. Komanso, intaneti imapereka mbiri yodziwika bwino (makamaka kwa iwo omwe amadziwa kubisala) ndi olemba mauthenga achibwibwi akhoza kukhala osadziwika. Zotsatira zake, kufufuza pa nkhani ya cybercrime kuli mwana, kotero palibe zambiri zomwe zakhazikika kapena zowerengedwa koma zitsanzo zina zawonekera. Mwachitsanzo, ochita kafukufuku amavomereza kuti kukhumudwa kwa munthu wolakwira ndi wolakwiridwa ndi chifukwa chachikulu chimene ena olemba milandu amatsutsiramo zolakwa zawo. Ndi kosavuta kulingalira kuti zovulaza sizichitika pamene wozunzidwayo sali bwino pamaso pawo. Akatswiri ambiri apeza kuti anthu ena ochita zachinyengo, makamaka achidakwa, amakopeka ndi vuto lothandiza pa intaneti. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, deta yapamwamba yasonyezera kuti anthu ena ochita zachinyengo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito luso lawo pochita zachiwawa chifukwa akhoza kupanga ndalama zambiri kuposa ntchito zabwino.
Ngakhale kuti pali kusiyana kwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa khalidwe pakati pa a cybercriminals ndi a-off-line kapena ochimwa, pali kusiyana kwakukulu komanso. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe amangochita zinthu mopupuluma amatha kukhala ndi makhalidwe oipa kusiyana ndi omwe sakhala odzipereka. Komabe, kupeza izi sikunagwiritsidwe bwino nthawi zonse polemba mauthenga a pa cyber. Pamafunika kuleza mtima ndi luso labwino kuti muzitha kuchita nawo mitundu yambiri yochita zachiwawa pa intaneti. Izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi chigawenga cha mumsewu chomwe luso lake laumisiri sali lozama kwambiri. Pofuna kutsimikizira izi, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe amachita nawo umbanda pa Intaneti sangachite nawo zachiwerewere mosavuta. Apanso, kufufuza kumeneku kuli koyambira ndipo kudzakhala kokondweretsa kuona omwe akufufuzira amtsogolo amatha kudziwa za phunziro lofunika kwambiri.
02 ya 05
Kodi Mumakopeka Bwanji ndi Anthu Olemba Nkhani Zolaula?
About.com : "Kodi ena ogwiritsa ntchito amachititsa bwanji chidwi cha anthu ochita zachinsinsi?"
Prof. Nedelec:
Pofufuza anthu omwe amazunzidwa ndi mauthenga a njerevu, ofufuza apeza zochitika zambiri zosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, makhalidwe monga chikumbumtima amawoneka kuti akugwirizana ndi kuchitidwa nkhanza kotero kuti anthu omwe sakhala osamala amakhala ndi mwayi wambiri wochitidwa nkhanza. Zomwezo ndizo chifukwa makampani ndi mabungwe ambiri amafuna antchito awo kuti asinthe malemba awo. Maluso apamwamba ndi luso lodziwa za intaneti likugwirizananso ndi cyber-victim. Zizindikirozi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zizikhala bwino ngati zowonongeka komanso zomangamanga. Anthu olemba zachinyengo akusunthira pamadolanda osavuta a 'Nigeria Prince' (ngakhale ife tonse timapeza izi) ku maimelo omwe ali ofanana ndi mauthenga omwe angalandire kuchokera ku banki kapena makampani a ngongole. Anthu olemba zachinyengo amakhulupirira kuti anthu omwe amachitira nkhanza sangathe kuzindikira uthenga wabodza ndikugwiritsa ntchito 'zovuta zaumunthu'.
03 a 05
Malangizo a Olemba Buku Lopatulika pa Owerenga About.com
About.com : "Kodi muli ndi uphungu wotani kuti anthu agwiritse ntchito masewera a anthu komanso kucheza nawo pa chikhalidwe cha intaneti?"
Prof. Nedelec:
Nthawi zambiri ndimatha kukonza njira zogwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti ndi ophunzira anga powauza kuti aganizire momwe Intaneti ingakhalire ngati inali 'moyo weniweni'. Ndikuwafunsa ngati angayambe kuvala t-sheti yomwe imanena momveka bwino kuti munthu wachabechabe kapena munthu wokonda zachiwerewere kapena wokonda kugonana kuti awonere dziko lonse lapansi, kapena ngati angagwiritse ntchito '1234' pakhomo lawo, njinga yamoto, ndi foni pakati pawo mafunso ena okhudzana ndi vuto loyipa pa intaneti. Yankho la mafunso amenewa nthawi zonse ndilo "Ayi, ndithudi ayi!". Koma kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti anthu amachita nawo makhalidwe awa pa intaneti nthawi zonse.
Kuganiza za khalidwe lanu pa intaneti monga makhalidwe a "moyo weniweni" kumathandizira kuthetsa chilakolako chofuna kutchula dzina lachinsinsi pa intaneti ndikuzindikiranso zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za kutumiza zinthu zovulaza pa intaneti. Malingana ndi mawu apasipoti amphamvu, akatswiri ogwira ntchito ku chitetezo cha digito akulangiza kugwiritsa ntchito olemba mawu achinsinsi ndi zitsimikizo ziwiri pa ma intaneti pa intaneti. Kudziwa zambiri za machenjerero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ophwanya malamulo ndi ofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, posachedwapa anthu olemba mauthenga a pa Intaneti akuganiza zowonjezera kubwereranso kwa msonkho wabodza pogwiritsa ntchito nambala za chitetezo cha anthu. Njira imodzi yopeŵera kumenyedwa ndi njira zoterezi ndi kupanga tsamba pa tsamba la IRS. Njira zinanso zomwe mungapewere kuti mupewe kuzunzidwa ndi kuphatikizapo kuyang'anitsitsa kuyang'anitsitsa mabanki ndi makadi anu a ngongole mwa kufufuza kapena kuchenjezedwa pamene mukugula. Malinga ndi maimelo a phishing ndi machitidwe ofanana, mabanki ambiri ndi makampani a ngongole sangatumize maimelo okhala ndi maulumikilo othandizira, ndipo ena ogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga ayenera kuyang'ana kuti awone kumene kulumikizana mu imelo kumapita kwenikweni (mwachitsanzo, URL) musanayang'ane pa izo . Pomalizira, monga zina mwa zakale kwambiri zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi intaneti, zilembo zakale "Zikakhala zosavuta kuti zitsimikize, mwina" zimakhudzana ndi machitidwe a pa Intaneti ndi achinyengo. Kukhalabe ndi maganizo oyenera mukamaona zambiri pa Intaneti ndi njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito. Kuchita zimenezi kudzateteza anthu osokoneza bongo kuti asagwiritse ntchito chida chofooka mu chitetezo cha digito: anthu.
04 ya 05
N'chifukwa Chiyani Mumaphunzira Kulemba Kwachinsinsi?
About.com : "Pulofesa Nedelec, tiuzeni za kafukufuku wanu wamatsenga ndi masewera. Ndichifukwa chiyani zili zosangalatsa kwa inu?
Prof. Nedelec:
Choyamba chomwe ndikufuna kukhala katswiri wofufuza zachilengedwe ndi kufufuza njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe kusiyana kulikonse kungawononge khalidwe laumunthu, kuphatikizapo khalidwe losagwirizana ndi anthu. Kafukufuku wanga pa kafukufuku wa cyber akuyendetsedwa ndi chidwi chomwecho: chifukwa chiyani anthu ena amatha kuchita nawo chiwembu kapena kuchitidwa nkhanza ndi uphungu wa cyber? Akatswiri ambiri atangoyang'ana mbali yeniyeni ya nkhaniyi koma kafukufuku wochuluka akuyamba kuganizira mbali ya khalidwe laumunthu la kafukufuku wa cyber.
Monga katswiri wa zigawenga, ndazindikira kuti kuchuluka kwa mauthenga achiwembu kumaonetsa chilungamo, mabungwe a boma (domestically and international), ndi milandu monga chilango cha maphunziro ndi zovuta zambiri. Nkhani zomwe zakhudzana ndi mauthenga a pa Intaneti ndi chitetezo cha digito ndizolembedwa kwambiri kuti zimatsutsa njira zomwe ife monga anthu, monga zamoyo, takhala tikuyendera ndi makhalidwe osayera kapena achiwawa m'mbuyomo. Zomwe zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi malo a intaneti - monga kudziwika komanso kusokonekera kwazomwe zimakhalapo - zili pafupi ndi oweruza achilungamo ndi ndondomeko. Zovuta izi, ngakhale zovuta, zimaperekanso mwayi wopanga nzeru ndi kukula mu kafukufuku, maiko akunja, ndikuphunzira makhalidwe a umunthu, kuphatikizapo makhalidwe a pa intaneti. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe ndikupeza kuti mundawu ndi wosangalatsa kwambiri ndi zovuta zomwe zimabweretsa.
05 ya 05
Kumene Mungapite Ngati Mukufuna Kuti Mudziwe Zambiri Zokhudza Anthu Ochita Zachiwawa
About.com : "Kodi ndizinthu zotani zomwe mumalimbikitsa anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kuphunzira zambiri zokhudza zauchigawenga ndi victimology?"
Prof. Nedelec:
Mabulogu monga Brian Krebs's krebsonsecurity.com ndi malo abwino kwambiri kwa akatswiri ndi mafilimu ofanana. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi cha maphunziro, pali zochepa zofalitsa zowonedwa ndi anzawo pa intaneti zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi mauthenga a cyber ndi a victimology (mwachitsanzo, International Journal ya Cyber Criminology www.cybercrimejournal.com) komanso nkhani zina m'mabuku ambirimbiri osiyana siyana. Pali chiwerengero chokwanira cha mabuku abwino, onse ophunzira komanso osaphunzira, ogwirizana ndi mauthenga a cybercrime ndi chitetezo cha digito. Ndili ndi ophunzira anga kuwerenga ma cybercrime ndi Society Society ya Majid Yar komanso Thomas Holt's Criminal On-line onse awiri omwe ali pa maphunziro. Mtundu wa Spre Nation wa Krebs suli wophunzira ndipo ndi zochititsa chidwi zomwe zikuwonetseratu zofala za kugawidwa kwa spam ndi ma pharmacies osagwirizana ndi intaneti omwe amaphatikizapo kupasuka kwa imelo. Mavidiyo ambiri okondweretsedwa ndi malemba angapezeke kuchokera kuzinthu monga tsamba la webusaiti ya TED Talks (www.ted.com/playlists/10/who_are_the_hackers), BBC, ndi misonkhano yokhudzana ndi cyber security / hacker monga DEF CON (www.defcon.org) .