Mofanana ndi zida zambiri zamagetsi, zotsutsana zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kukula, mphamvu ndi mitundu. Zotsutsa zonse sizinapangidwe zofanana, komabe. Mtundu uliwonse wa kutsutsana uli ndi kusiyana kwakukulu mu zikhalidwe zenizeni zotsutsana ndi phokoso, kulekerera, kulingalira kwa madzi, kapangidwe ka kutentha, coefficient, voltage response, size, and reliability. Kusiyanasiyana uku kumabweretsa ubwino ndi zoperewera kupanga zopinga zina zabwino muzochita zina ndi magwero a mavuto ovuta maganizo ena.
Makina Opanga Makina
Kupangidwa kwa kaboni kutsutsana kunakhala mtundu wochuluka wa kusagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamagetsi chifukwa cha mtengo wawo wapatali komanso kudalirika kwawo kwakukulu. Maonekedwe a kaboni amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochokera ku carbon powder, insulating ceramic, ndi binder. Kukaniza kumayendetsedwa posiyanitsa chiŵerengero cha kaboni ndi zida zodzaza. Mpweya wotentha wa carbon umayendetsedwa ndi chilengedwe, makamaka chinyezi, ndipo chimakhala chosintha nthawi. Pachifukwa ichi, makina okonzedwa ndi kaboni amakhala osauka kutsutsa kupirira, makamaka 5%. Kukonzekera kwa makononi kumaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kwa 1 Watt. Mosiyana ndi kupirira kwawo kosauka ndi mphamvu zochepa, kupewera kwa kaboni kumakhala ndi mayankhidwe abwino omwe amawapangitsa kukhala njira yowonjezera maulendo apamwamba.
Makina Otsutsa Mafilimu
Mafilimu amtundu wa kaboni amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wochepa kwambiri wa kaboni pamwamba pa ndodo yozembera yomwe imadulidwa kupanga njira yopapatiza komanso yaitali. Poyendetsa kutalika kwa njirayo ndi m'lifupi mwake, kukana kumatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi kulekerera molimba ngati 1%. Kwachidziwikire, kuthekera kwa kusakanikirana ndi filimu ya kaboni kuli bwino kusiyana ndi kusakanikirana ndi kapangidwe ka kaboni, ndi mphamvu yamakono kufika pa Watts 5 ndikukhala bwino. Komabe, kuyankhidwa kwawo kawirikawiri kumakhala koipitsitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuponderezana ndi mphamvu zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi njira yopewera kujambula.
Metal Film Resistors
Imodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya axial resistor ntchito masiku ano ndi zitsulo zamagetsi zitsulo. Zili zofanana ndi zomangamanga za film carbon resistors, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kukhala kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chamatabwa monga zinthu zotsalira m'malo mwa carbon. Chipangizo chachitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chomwe chimakhala ndi alloy-chromium alloy, chimatha kupereka kupirira kosakanikirana kwambiri kusiyana ndi mafilimu a carbon dioxide ndi kulekerera mofanana ndi 0.01%. Mitambo ya film film imapezeka mpaka pafupifupi Watts 35, koma njira zotsutsa zimayamba kuchepa pamwamba pa 1-2 Watts. Metal film resistors ndipansi phokoso, ndipo imakhala yosasinthika chifukwa cha kutentha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Makina Oteteza Mafilimu
Pokhala wotchuka m'ma 1970, mafilimu okhwima a filimu ali wamba padziko lapansi pamwamba pa resistors ngakhale lero. Zimapangidwa mu ndondomeko yosindikizira pulogalamu pogwiritsira ntchito makina othandizira mavitamini ndi galasi yosakanizidwa mu madzi. Mukatha kusindikiza pulogalamuyi, amawotcha kutentha kuti amachotse madziwo ndikusakanikirana ndi ceramic ndi magalasi. Poyambirira, otsutsa mafilimu ophwima anali ndi mavuto osauka, koma lero alipo ndi kulekerera mpaka 0,1% m'maphukusi omwe angathe kufika pa watt 250. Mitambo yambiri ya mafilimu imakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu, ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kwa 100 ° C kumabweretsa kusintha kwa 2.5% mwa kukana.
Zithunzi Zopanga Mafilimu
Kuchokera ku njira za semiconductor, zitsulo zofiira za filimu zimapangidwa kudzera mu njira yopuma yopuma yotchedwa sputtering komwe gawo lochepa lachitetezo limayikidwa pa gawo lokhazikika. Kusanjikiza kochepa kumeneku ndiye chithunzi chomwe chinakhazikitsidwa kuti apange chitsanzo chogonjetsa. Poonetsetsa bwino kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira komanso chitsanzo chotsalira, kulekerera kumakhala kolimba ngati 0.01%. Mafilimu opangidwa ndi mafilimu omwe amawoneka amakhala ochepa chabe pa 2.5 Watts ndi m'munsi mwake kusiyana ndi mitundu ina yosagonjetsedwa koma ali otetezeka kwambiri. Pali mtengo wachindunji wa resistant thin film yomwe imakhala kaŵirikaŵiri mtengo wa filimu yakuda.
Wowonongeka wa Wirewound
Mphamvu zazikulu komanso zowonongeka kwambiri ndizitsulo zamagetsi, ngakhale kawirikawiri zonsezi ndizamphamvu komanso zenizeni nthawi yomweyo. Zingwe zoterezi zimapangidwa ndi kukulunga waya wotsutsa, makamaka njere ya chromium, kumbali ya bobini ya ceramic. Posiyanitsa kukula, kutalika, alloy wa waya ndi kukulumikiza momwe zida za resistw wirewound zingagwirizane ndi ntchitoyo. Kukaniza kulekerera kuli ngati kwambiri monga 0.005% mwachindunji kusagwedezeka kwa waya ndipo angapezeke ndi mphamvu zamakono mpaka pafupifupi 50 Watts. Mphamvu zamagetsi zowonongeka zimakhala zolekerera za 5 kapena 10% koma zimakhala ndi mphamvu mu kilowatt. Kuwombera kwapadera kumawopsa chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale maulendo apansi.
Zosintha
Kusintha chizindikiro kapena kuyendetsa dera ndizochitika kawirikawiri pamagetsi. Imodzi mwa njira zosavuta kuti musinthe majambulo ndi kupyolera kusinthika kosinthika kapena potentiometer. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe a analog monga mphamvu zolamulira. Zing'onozing'ono zapamwamba zowonjezera mapepala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zisinthe kapena kuziyendera dera pa PCB musanayindikizidwe ndi kutumizidwa kwa makasitomala. Zowonjezera zimatha kukhala zenizeni, zowonjezereka zotsutsana ndizitsulo, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowonongeka zokhazokha zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo ziziyenda motsatira njira yowonongeka ya mpweya kuti zisinthe kukanika pafupi ndi zero mpaka mtengo wapatali. Zizindikiro zambiri zimakhala ndi zivomezi zochepa kwambiri, zizindikiro zovuta za phokoso, komanso kukhazikika pakati. Komabe, kukwanitsa kusinthasintha ndikusintha chizindikiro kumapangitsa kuti pulogalamuyi ikhale yopindulitsa kwambiri m'makonzedwe ambiri a dera komanso popanga.
Mitundu Ina Yotsutsa
Monga momwe zilili ndi zigawo zambiri, pali mitundu yambiri yapadera yotsutsana. Ndipotu, zingapo zimakhala zachilendo kuphatikizapo zinthu zowonongeka mu babu ya kuwala. Zina mwazinthu zina zapadera zotsutsa zimaphatikizapo kutentha zinthu, zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, oxide, shunts, cermet, ndi grid resistors kuti atchule ochepa.