Banja la 802.11 linalongosola
Azimayi ndi abampani akuyang'ana kugula zida zogwiritsa ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Zambiri zimagwirizana ndi 802.11a , 802.11b / g / n , ndi / kapena 802.11ac opanda zingwe zomwe zimadziwika kuti Wi-Fi technologies. Bluetooth ndi ma teknoloji ena opanda waya (koma osati Wi-Fi) amakhalansopo, aliyense amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mauthenga enaake.
Nkhaniyi imalongosola miyezo ya Wi-Fi ndi mateknoloji ofanana, poyerekeza ndi kuwasiyanitsa kuti ikuthandizeni kumvetsetsa kusinthika kwa makina a Wi-Fi ndi kupanga mapulani othandizira kupanga makina ndi zisankho.
802.11
Mu 1997, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) inakhazikitsa njira yoyamba ya WLAN. Iwo anazitcha 802.11 dzina la gululo litakhazikitsidwa kuti liyang'anire chitukuko chake. Mwamwayi, 802.11 amangogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri bandwidth ya 2 Mbps - yochepetsa kwambiri ntchito zambiri. Pa chifukwa ichi, mankhwala opangidwa opanda waya 802.11 sapangidwanso.
802.11b
IEEE yowonjezera muyeso woyambirira 802.11 mu Julayi 1999, kupanga malemba 802.11b . 802.11b imathandizira kugwedezeka mpaka 11 Mbps, mofanana ndi Ethernet yachikhalidwe.
802.11b amagwiritsa ntchito maulendo omwe amalephera kusindikiza ma radio (2.4 GHz ) monga choyambirira 802.11. Nthawi zambiri ogulitsa amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito maulendowa kuti achepetse ndalama zawo. Kusagwiritsidwe ntchito, 802.11b zida zingayambitse mavunikiro a microwave, mafoni opanda pake, ndi zipangizo zina pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yofanana ya 2.4 GHz. Komabe, poika magetsi 802.11b mtunda wokwanira kuchokera ku zipangizo zina, kusokonekera kungapewe mosavuta.
- Mapulogalamu a 802.11b - Mtengo wotsika kwambiri; Mtundu wazithunzi ndi wabwino ndipo sizimaletsedwa mosavuta
- Chida cha 802.11b - Pang'onopang'ono wothamanga kwambiri; zipangizo zam'nyumba zimatha kusokoneza bwalo losavomerezeka
802.11a
Ngakhale kuti 802.11b anali pa chitukuko, IEEE inapanganso kulumikiza kwachiwiri kuyeso 802.11 yoyamba yotchedwa 802.11a . Chifukwa chakuti 802.11b adapeza kutchuka mofulumira kuposa 802.11a, ena amakhulupirira kuti 802.11a adalengedwa pambuyo pa 802.11b. Ndipotu, 802.11a adalengedwa panthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wapamwamba, 802.11a nthawi zambiri amapezeka pazinthu zamalonda pomwe 802.11b ndi abwino kumsika wam'nyumba.
802.11a imathandizira bandwidth mpaka 54 Mbps ndi zizindikiro mu nthawi yowonongeka kawirikawiri kuzungulira 5 GHz. Maulendo apamwambawa poyerekeza ndi 802.11b amachepetsa makompyuta 802.11a. Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kumatanthauzanso zizindikiro 802.11a zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kulowetsa makoma ndi zina zotsekereza.
Chifukwa chakuti 802.11a ndi 802.11b amagwiritsa ntchito maulendo osiyanasiyana, mateloji awiriwa sagwirizana. Ogulitsa ena amapereka ma intaneti ophatikizidwa 802.11a / b , koma izi zimangobweretsa mbali ziwiri (mbali iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito imagwiritsa ntchito chimodzi kapena chimzake).
- Mapulogalamu a 802.11a - Mwamsanga msanga; maulendo omwe amachititsa kuti zisokonezedwe ndi zida zina.
- Zokwanira 802.11a - Zopindulitsa kwambiri; chizindikiro chofupika chomwe chimangowonongeka mosavuta.
802.11g
Mu 2002 ndi 2003, malonda a WLAN omwe amathandizira miyezo yatsopano yotchedwa 802.11g inapezeka pamsika. 802.11g kuyesera kugwirizanitsa zabwino za onse 802.11a ndi 802.11b. 802.11g imathandizira kugwedezeka mpaka 54 Mbps, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito mafupipafupi 2.4 GHz kwazambiri. 802.11g kumbuyo kumagwirizana ndi 802.11b, kutanthauza kuti 802.11g malo ogwiritsira ntchito azitha kugwira ntchito ndi adapitala 802.11b opanda zingwe zamagetsi komanso mosiyana.
- Mapulogalamu a 802.11g - Mwamsanga wothamanga; Mtundu wazithunzi ndi wabwino ndipo sizimaletsedwa mosavuta.
- Zokwanira 802.11g - Zopitirira 802.11b; zipangizo zamakono zimatha kusokoneza maulendo osayimitsidwa.
802.11n
802.11n (omwe nthawi zina amadziwika kuti Wopanda N ) adapangidwa kuti apange 802.11g kuchuluka kwa bandwidth pothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zambiri zopanda waya ndi maina (otchedwa MIMO technology) mmalo mwa chimodzi. Zigawo za makampani ogwirizanitsa 802.11n m'chaka cha 2009 ndi zolemba zomwe zimapatsa 300 Mbps za network bandwidth. 802.11n imaperekanso zowonjezereka bwino pazomwe zilipo kale pa Wi-Fi chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa chizindikiro, ndipo kumbuyo-kumakhala ndi 802.11b / g gear.
- Mapulogalamu a 802.11n - Mwamsanga kwambiri msinkhu komanso yabwino signal signal; zambiri zosagonjetsedwa kuti zisayambe kusokonezedwa ndi magulu akunja.
- Chiwonongeko cha 802.11n - Standard siidakwaniritsidwe; amawononga oposa 802.11g; kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zambiri zingasokoneze kwambiri maofesi ozungulira 802.11b / g.
802.11ac
Chibadwo chatsopano cha Wi-Fi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, 802.11ac imagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje opanda zingwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pandege , pothandizira maulumikizano amodzi palimodzi pa magulu onse a 2.4 GHz ndi magulu a 5 GHz Wi-Fi. 802.11ac imapereka zovomerezeka kumbuyo kwa 802.11b / g / n ndi kumtunda kwapakati pa 1300 Mbps pa gulu la 5 GHz kuphatikizapo 450 Mbps pa 2.4 GHz.
Nanga Bwanji Bluetooth ndi Mpumulo?
Kuwonjezera pa miyezoyi yodalirika ya Wi-Fi, ma teknoloji ena osagwiritsidwa ntchito opanda waya alipo.
- IEEE 802.11 miyezo yogwirira ntchito monga 802.11h ndi 802.11j ndizoonjezera kapena zotsalira za teknoloji ya Wi-Fi yomwe iliyonse imakhala ndi cholinga chenicheni.
- Bluetooth ndi njira ina yopanda mauthenga opanda waya omwe imatsatira njira yowonjezera yopambana kuposa banja la 802.11. Bluetooth imathandizira pafupipafupi kwambiri (pafupifupi mamita 10) ndi otsika kwambiri (1-3 Mbps mu chizoloŵezi) adapanga zogwiritsira ntchito makina ochepa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ngati mafoni. Ndalama zopangira ndalama za Bluetooth hardware zimalimbikitsanso ogulitsa mafakitale. Mungathe kupeza mosavuta Bluetooth pa kuyanjana kwa PDAs kapena mafoni a m'manja ndi ma PC, koma kawirikawiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzithunzi za WLAN zokhudzana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana komanso zofulumira.
- WiMax inayambanso kupatulidwa ndi Wi-Fi. WiMax yapangidwa ndi mautumiki aatali (kutalika mailosi kapena makilomita) mosiyana ndi makanema opanda pakompyuta.
Malamulo otsatirawa a IEEE 802.11 alipo kapena alikutukuka kuthandizira kulenga kwa matekinoloje m'malo ochezera a m'dera lanu opanda waya :
- 802.11a - 54 Mbps muyezo, chizindikiro cha 5 GHz (chovomerezedwa 1999)
- 802.11b - 11 Mbps yofanana, chizindikiro cha 2.4 GHz (1999)
- 802.11c - kugwiritsa ntchito maulumikizidwe a mlatho (kusamukira ku 802.1D)
- 802.11d - padziko lonse kutsatira malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito mafoni opanda pake (2001)
- 802.11e - Thandizo la Quality ( Service ) (QoS) (losanalowe)
- Malingaliro 802.11F - Inter-Access Point Protocol pofuna kuyankhulana pakati pa malo otha kupeza mwayi othandizira osowa makina (2003)
- 802.11g - 54 Mbps, 2.4 GHz chizindikiro (2003)
- 802.11h - kulimbitsa 802.11a kuti zithandizire zofunikira za ku Ulaya (2003)
- 802.11i - kusintha kwa chitetezo cha banja la 802.11 (2004)
- 802.11j - zopititsa patsogolo ku 5 GHz kuwonetsera kuti zithandize Japan malamulo oyenera (2004)
- 802.11k - kasamalidwe ka WLAN
- 802.11l - ananyamulidwa kuti asasokonezeke ndi 802.11i
- 802.11m - kusamalira zolemba za banja la 802.11
- Mapulogalamu 802.11n - 100+ Mbps opitirira 802.11g (2009)
- 802.11o - kudumpha
- 802.11p - Kupeza Zopanda Mauthenga kwa Zomwe Zili M'thupi
- 802.11q - kutaya
- 802.11r - chithandizo chozengereza mwamsanga kudzera pa Basic Service Set kusintha
- 802.11s - ESS mesh networking kwa mfundo zofikira
- 802.11T - Kuwonetsera Zopanda Utsi - Malangizi othandizira miyezo ndi maselo
- 802.11u - kugwiritsira ntchito pa intaneti ndi 3G / ma selo ndi mitundu ina ya ma intaneti akunja
- 802.11v - makina osayendetsa opanda makina / makina osakaniza
- 802.11w - Protected Management Frames kukhazikitsa chitetezo
- 802.11x - kudumpha (dzina lachibadwa la banja 802.11)
- 802.11y - Chigwirizano Chotsutsana ndi Zotsutsana ndi Kusokonekera
Buku lovomerezeka la IEEE 802.11 Project Working Timelines lidasindikizidwa ndi IEEE kuti liwonetsere momwe zilili pazithunzithunzi zochezera.