Monga makompyuta, makamaka makapu, amapitirizabe kukhala ochepa, zigawo monga kusungirako makina oyeneranso kuti zikhale zochepa. Poyambitsa machitidwe olimbitsa thupi , zinakhala zosavuta kuti aziziika pamakonzedwe ochepa kwambiri monga Ultrabooks koma vutoli linali kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a SATA omwe ali ndi mafakitale. Potsirizira pake, mawonekedwe a mSATA adapangidwa kuti apange khadi lochepa kwambiri lomwe lingagwirizanebe ndi mawonekedwe a SATA. Vuto lino ndilokuti miyezo ya SATA 3.0 imaletsa kugwira ntchito kwa SSD. Pofuna kukonza nkhanizi, mawonekedwe atsopano a makonzedwe apakompyuta amafunika kuti apangidwe. Poyambirira amatchedwa NGFF (Next Generation Form Factor), mawonekedwe atsopanowu atha kukhala oyenerera mu M.2 yatsopano yoyendetsa galimoto pansi pa ndondomeko ya SATA 3.2.
Maulendo Ofulumira
Ngakhale kukula kwake, ndithudi, chinthu chothandizira kupanga mawonekedwe atsopano, liwiro la ma drive ndilofunika kwambiri. Mafotokozedwe a SATA 3.0 amalepheretsa chiwongoladzanja chenicheni cha dziko la SSD pa mawonekedwe oyendetsa maola 600MB / s, chomwe chinachititsa kuti ma drive ambiri afike tsopano. Zotsatira za SATA 3.2 zinayambitsa njira yatsopano yosakanikirana ndi M.2 mawonekedwe monga momwe anachitira ndi SATA Express . Kwenikweni, khadi latsopano la M.2 lingagwiritse ntchito zida zomwe zilipo SATA 3.0 ndipo zimangokhala 600MB / s kapena zingasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito PCI-Express zomwe zimapereka chiwongolero cha 1GB / s pansi pa PCI-Express 3.0 miyezo. Tsopano galimoto 1GB / s ndi imodzi yokha ya PCI-Express. N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito maulendo angapo komanso pansi pa M.2 SSD malingaliro, mpaka njira zinayi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kugwiritsira ntchito njira ziwiri kungapereke 2.0GB / s pamene njira zinayi zingapereke kwa 4.0GB / s. Potsirizira pake kutulutsidwa kwa PCI-Express 4.0, maulendowa angapite kawiri.
Tsopano sizitsulo zonse zomwe zidzakwaniritsidwe izi mofulumira. M.2 oyendetsa galimoto ndi mawonekedwe pa kompyuta ayenera kukhazikitsidwa mofanana. M2 mawonekedwe apangidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito njira ya SATA yoyenera kapena njira zatsopano za PCI-Express koma galimoto idzasankha yomwe idzagwiritse ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, galimoto ya M.2 yokhala ndi cholowa cha SATA idzangokhala pafupipafupi 600MB / s. Tsopano, galimoto ya M.2 ikhoza kugwirizana ndi PCI-Express mpaka maulendo 4 (x4) koma kompyuta imagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri (x2). Izi zingapangitse kuti msinkhu wa ma 2.0GB / s uli wonse. Kotero kuti muthamangitse mofulumira kwambiri, muyenera kuwona zonse zomwe galimoto ndi makompyuta kapena maboardboard amathandizira.
Kukula Kwakukulu ndi Kakang'ono
Chimodzi mwa zolinga za M.2 yoyendetsa galimoto chinali kuchepetsa kukula kwake kwa chipangizo chosungirako. Izi zikukwaniritsidwa mwa chimodzi mwa njira zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, iwo anapanga makhadi ochepa kuposa momwe mSATA yapita kale. M.2 makadi ndi 22mm kupambana poyerekeza ndi 30mm a mSATA. Makhadi akhoza kuchepetsedwa ngati 30mm long poyerekeza ndi 50mm ya mSATA. Kusiyanitsa ndikuti makadi a M.2 amathandizanso kutalika kwa 110mm zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zikhoza kukhala zazikulu zomwe zimapereka malo ambiri a chips ndipamwamba zamtunduwu.
Kuphatikiza pa kutalika ndi m'lifupi la makadi, palinso mwayi wosankha umodzi kapena mbali ziwiri zaM.2. Chifukwa chiyani makulidwe awiriwa? Chabwino, mapepala amodzi omwe ali ndi makinawa amapereka mbiri yochepa kwambiri ndipo ndi othandiza pa laptops ultrathin. Bwalo lamagulu awiri, kumalo ena, limalola chips kuti chiyike pa bolodi la M.2 kuti zikhale zazikulu zosungirako zomwe zimathandiza pa malo ophatikizira a malo omwe malo sangakhale ovuta. Vuto ndilofunika kuti muzindikire mtundu wa M.2 connector uli pa kompyuta kuphatikizapo malo a kutalika kwa khadi. Ma laptops ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo kamodzi kamodzi kamene kamatanthauza kuti sangagwiritse ntchito makhadi awiri a M.2.
Lamulo Lamulo
Kwa zaka zoposa khumi, SATA yasungira makompyuta pulasitiki ndi masewera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chophweka kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe komanso chifukwa cha dongosolo la machitidwe a AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface). Imeneyi ndi njira yomwe makompyuta angayankhulire malangizo ndi zipangizo zosungirako. Zimamangidwa m'zinthu zamakono zamakono ndipo safuna kuti pulojekiti yowonjezera ikhale yowonjezera pamene tikuwonjezera ma drive atsopano. Zagwira ntchito zabwino koma zinapangidwa m'nthaŵi ya magalimoto ovuta omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito malangizo chifukwa cha maonekedwe ndi makapu. Mzere umodzi umodzi wa malamulo ndi malamulo 32 unali wokwanira. Vuto ndiloti maulendo olimba angathe kuchita zambiri koma amalephera ndi madalaivala AHCI.
Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli ndikupangitsanso ntchito, makina ndi madalaivala a NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) anapangidwa ngati njira zothetsera vutoli. M'malo molemba mzere umodzi, umapereka ma Queue 65,536 ndi malamulo 65,536 pamzere. Izi zimapangitsa kufanana kofanana kwa zopempha zowerenga ndi kulemba zomwe zidzakuthandizira kulimbikitsa ntchito pa dongosolo la lamulo la AHCI.
Ngakhale izi ziri zabwino, pali vuto lina. AHCI yakhazikitsidwa ku machitidwe onse amakono koma NVMe sali. Pofuna kupeza njira zambiri zothandizira, madalaivala ayenera kuikidwa pamwamba pa machitidwe omwe alipo kuti agwiritse ntchito mawonekedwe atsopano awa. Izi ndizovuta kwa anthu ambiri pa machitidwe okalamba okalamba. Mwamwayi M2 yoyendetsera galimoto imalola kuti njira ziwirizi zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala ndi mawonekedwe atsopano mosavuta ndi makompyuta omwe alipo ndi matekinoloje pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la ma AHCI. Kenaka, monga chithandizo cha dongosolo la malamulo a NVMe amayamba kukhala mapulogalamu, magalimoto omwewo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi machitidwe atsopano awa. Ingokuchenjezerani kuti kusintha pakati pa ma modes awiri kudzafuna kuti maulendo ayambe kusinthidwa.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zowonjezera
Makompyuta a mafoni amatha nthawi zochepa malinga ndi kukula kwa mabatire awo ndi mphamvu yotengedwa ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana. Ma drive olimbitsa thupi amapereka zochepa zowonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya yosungirako kotero kuti asintha moyo wa batri koma pali malo okwanira. Popeza M.2 SSD mawonekedwe ndi gawo la zidule za SATA 3.2, zimaphatikizapo zina mwazinthu zopanda mawonekedwe. Izi zikuphatikizapo mbali yatsopano yotchedwa DevSleep. Pamene machitidwe ambiri akukonzekera kuti ayambe kugona pamene atsekedwa kapena atsekedwa osati kutsekemera pansi, palikutengera nthawi zonse pa bateri kuti deta yanu ikhale yogwira ntchito mwamsanga pamene zipangizozo zakhazikika. DevSleep amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipangizo monga M.2 SSDs pakupanga dziko latsopano la mphamvu. Izi ziyenera kuthandizira kuwonjezera nthawi yomwe machitidwewa amagona m'malo mogwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa ntchito.
Mavuto a Booting
M.2 mawonekedwewa ndiwowonjezera kuwonjezera pa kusungirako makompyuta komanso kuthekera kuti zipangizo zathu zikhale bwino. Pali vuto laling'ono ndi kukhazikitsa koyambirira kwa izo ngakhale. Kuti muyambe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mawonekedwe atsopano, makompyuta ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito basi ya PCI-Express, mwinamwake, ikuyenda mofanana ndi galimoto iliyonse yomwe ilipo SATA 3.0. Izi sizikuwoneka ngati chinthu chachikulu koma kwenikweni ndizovuta m'mabotolo amodzi oyambirira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mbaliyo. Ma drive SSD amapereka mwayi wabwino pamene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati root kapena boot drive. Vuto ndiloti mawindo a Windows omwe alipo ali ndi vuto ndipo ambiri amayendetsa galimoto kuchokera ku basi ya PCI-Express osati kuchokera ku SATA. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kukhala ndi M.2 kuyendetsa pogwiritsa ntchito PCI-Express mwamsanga simungakhale woyendetsa galimoto pomwe njira zoyendetsera ntchito kapena mapulogalamu akuyikidwa. Chotsatira ndi deta yoyendetsa galimoto koma osati boot yoyendetsa.
Sikuti makompyuta onse ndi machitidwe opangira ali ndi vuto ili. Mwachitsanzo, Apple yakhazikitsa OS X kugwiritsa ntchito basi ya PCI-Express yopangira mizu. Izi n'zakuti Apple anasintha ma SSD awo ku PCI-Express mu 2013 MacBook Air mndondomeko ya M.2 isanathe. Microsoft yasintha Windows 10 kuti zithandizire pulogalamu yatsopano ya PCI-Express ndi NVMe ngati hardware ikugwiranso ntchito. Mawindo akale a Windows akhoza kukhala ngati hardware imathandizidwa ndi madalaivala akunja aikidwa.
Mmene Mungagwiritsire Ntchito M.2 Mungachotse Zina Zina
Chinthu chinanso chodetsa nkhaŵa makamaka ndi makina apakompyuta amawonetsera momwe M.2 mawonekedwe akugwirizanirana ndi dongosolo lonselo. Mukuwona pali nambala yochepa ya mayendedwe a PCI-Express pakati pa pulosesa ndi kompyuta yonse. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito khadi laM.2 lovomerezeka la PCI-Express, wogwiritsa ntchito makina a mabodi amayenera kutenga njirazi za PCI-Express kutali ndi zigawo zina pa dongosolo. Momwe maulendo awo a PCI-Express apatulidwa pakati pa zipangizo pa mapuritsi ndizofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ena opanga nawo amagawa njira za PCI-Express ndi ma SATA. Potero, kugwiritsira ntchito M.2 kuyendetsa galimoto kungatenge zoposa zinayi za SATA. Nthawi zina. M.2 akhoza kugawana njirazi ndi zoonjezera zina za PCI-Express. Onetsetsani kuti muwone momwe gululo linapangidwira kuti liyambe kugwiritsa ntchito M.2 sichidzasokoneza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zothandizira SATA, DVD kapena Blu-ray kapena makadi ena owonjezera.