(Ndiyo imvi mwakuya bwino)
Kugawana nyimbo pa intaneti: oimba ena amadana nawo, oimba ena amawakonda. Ziri zosavomerezeka ndilamulo ku USA. Kwambiri makamaka ku Canada. Ndipo mamilioni a anthu amachita izo tsiku lirilonse, mosasamala kanthu.
Kugawa & # 34; Kuyanjana ndi Ena & # 34; (P2P)
Icho chimachokera kugawana kophatikizana kwa zikwi za ogwiritsa ntchito payekha. P2P imagwira ntchito pochita nawo mwachangu ophunzira kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu apadera ogawana mafayilo pa makina awo. Pulogalamuyo P2P ikadali pomwepo, ogwiritsa ntchitowa amayamba kugulitsa nyimbo za MP3 ndi AVI za nyimbo zawo ndi mafilimu omwe amakonda. Kugawidwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wogwiritsa ntchito kumagawana pang'ono panthawi imodzi. Palibe malipiro, opanda mtengo ... ndizosavuta ngati mukufufuza Google.
Fayilo yamalondayi, yomwe imatchedwa "kuikamo ndi kulanditsa", ndiyo maziko a P2P mndandanda wa intaneti Ngakhale kuti maofesiwa amakhala aakulu (kuchokera ku megabytes 5 kufika ku 5 gigabytes), mapulogalamu a P2P angapangitse kugwirizana kwapachikwerero kumapindula mofulumira. Kwa mamiliyoni a anthu, n'zotheka kumasula nyimbo yonse ya CD mkati mwa ola limodzi, ndi kanema wonse mu maola atatu.
Kutsutsana Pa P2P
Kusemphana kwakukulu kumapindula ndi zokopa ndi ndalama: ojambula ndi ojambula mafilimu amanena kuti salipidwa molondola pamene ogwiritsa ntchito maofesi alibe chilolezo chowonetsera
Ku Canada, zifukwa za khoti zapangidwa kuti ndi theka lalamulo ... Anthu a ku Canada akhoza kukopera nyimbo, koma osati kuikamo, ndipo akuluakulu a CRIA sayenera kuloledwa kuona maina a osuta a ISP omwe P2P. M'madera ena a dziko lapansi monga USA, UK, Australia, ndi Europe, ophatikiza mafayilo amatha kutsutsidwa mu milandu ya kalasi, kawirikawiri kwa masauzande madola. Mu milandu yowopsya, maboma a Australia ndi Britain kwenikweni adalamula ena ophatikiza mafayilo kuti azitsutsidwa. Komabe ngakhale kuti malamulowa akuwopsyeza malamulo a milandu, mamiliyoni ambiri akugulitsa mafayilo tsiku ndi tsiku.
Napster ndi The History of P2P
Napster Inc. inakhazikitsidwa mu May 1999 ndi Shawn Fanning (PC Magazine Technical Excellence Award Winner wa Chaka cha 2000) ndi Sean Parker, wothandizira. Ntchito yapadera yokhala ndi maina ambiri a nyimbo, P2P sewero la "nthawi yeniyeni" malonda a fayilo inaphatikizanso zipinda zogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga ndi "mauthenga achinsinsi" ndi ntchito "hotlist" ndipo zinawonetseratu pa Kuwunikira Zowoneka za Download Download .
Napster anali wopambana kwambiri , ogwiritsa ntchito oposa 70 miliyoni anagwirizana nawo. Chodabwitsa kwambiri: pafupifupi 85 peresenti ya ophunzira onse a ku koleji padziko lapansi anali mbali ya gululo, ndipo anatha kukopera nyimbo 2,79 biliyoni! Kuwongolera kwakukuluku kunathandizanso chidwi cha a mega-artists Metallica ndi Dr. Dre. Ojambula awiriwa ankatsutsana kwambiri ndi malonda aulere a nyimbo zawo.
Mu December 1999, bungwe loona za zojambulajambula ku America (RIAA) linayambitsa mlandu wotsutsana ndi Napster Inc., poyimba mlandu wotsutsa ufulu wa anthu (kuphatikizapo, kupereka ndi kuthandiza anthu ophwanya malamulo ena).
- Cary Sherman, wotsogoleli wamkulu wa bungwe la RIAA, adalongosola mwachidule ntchito ya Napster monga: "kulimbikitsa chiwembu, ndikuyesera kumanga bizinesi kumbuyo kwa ojambula ndi olemba mabuku".
- Metallica ndi Dr. Dre adayambanso milandu yokhudza Napster chifukwa cha kuchitika katatu pa ntchitoyi.
Mu February 2001, woweruza adagamula kuti Napster adaleka kugawidwa kwazinthu zovomerezeka kudzera mu ukonde. Makampani olembetsa amapereka mndandanda wa maudindo oposa 250,000 a nyimbo omwe amachotsedwa pa makina a Napster. Mu July 2001, woweruza anamuuza Napster kuti ayenera kuletsa mafayilo onse akuphwanya ufulu, ndikuwumiriza kuti awatseke. Napster anapangidwa mu September 2002, atatha kugulitsa malonda ku Bertelsmann AG.
Napster anabadwanso mwanjira yovuta komanso yamtendere monga "Napster 2.0", yomwe tsopano ikugawanika ndi Roxio, Inc. Napster 2.0 yakhala ikukonzekera zambiri ndi zolemba zazikulu. Malingana ngati mukufuna kupereka ndalama zokwana madola 10 USD pa mwezi, mukhoza kulengeza mosavuta nyimbo zoposa 500,000 kuchokera ku mitundu yonse ya nyimbo ku Napster 2.0. Mwamwayi, Napster 2.0 imapezeka kwa anthu a ku United States, ndipo sichikondwera ndi zotsatira zake za masiku a 1999 mpaka 2002.
P2P lero
Mabungwe awa atha kuyimba mlandu pa mfundo iyi: BitTorrents , Limewire, Gnutella, OpenNap, KaZaA, Morpheus, WinMX, ndi FastTrack. Midzi iyi ya P2P imakhala ikuopsezedwa ndi milandu yokhudza milandu, koma mamiliyoni ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito akugwiritsabe ntchito mautumiki awo tsiku ndi tsiku.