Njira zingapo zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta a kusungiramo deta zakhala zikuchitika m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Njira imodzi yotchuka, Network Attached Storage (NAS), imalola kuti nyumba ndi mabungwe asunge ndi kupeza zambirimbiri zamtengo wapatali kuposa kale lonse.
Chiyambi
Zakale, ma disppy floppy akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti agawane mafayilo a deta, koma lero zosowa zosungidwa za munthu wamba zimaposa mphamvu zamagulu. Amalonda tsopano akukhala ndi malemba ochuluka kwambiri a magetsi ndi mapulogalamu owonetsera kuphatikizapo mavidiyo. Ogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta a kunyumba, pakufika mafayilo a nyimbo a MP3 ndi ma JPEG zithunzi zomwe zasankhidwa kuchokera kuzithunzi, nawonso amafunika kusungirako bwino komanso kosavuta.
Ma seva apakati apakati amagwiritsira ntchito makina opanga ma kasitomala / mautumiki apakompyuta kuti athetse mavuto awa osungirako deta. Mu mawonekedwe ake ophweka, seva ya fayilo ili ndi PC kapena zipangizo zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yogwiritsira ntchito (NOS) yomwe imathandizira kugawa mafayilo olamulira (monga Novell NetWare, UNIX® kapena Microsoft Windows). Makina ovuta omwe amaikidwa mu seva amapereka gigabytes ya malo pa disk, ndipo ma tepi omwe amangiriridwa pa ma seva awa angathe kupititsa patsogolo mphamvuyi.
Mapulogalamu a fayilo amadzikweza mbiri yakale ya kupambana, koma nyumba zambiri, magulu a ogwira ntchito ndi mabungwe ang'onoang'ono sangathe kulongosola makompyuta omwe ali ndi cholinga chokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zosungirako zinthu. Lowani NAS.
Kodi NAS ndi chiyani?
NAS imatsutsa njira yowonjezera mafayilo popanga machitidwe omwe apangidwa makamaka kuti asungidwe deta. M'malo moyamba ndi makompyuta ambiri ndikukonzekera kapena kuchotsa zinthu kuchokera ku mazikowo, NAS amapanga ndi kuyamba zopanda mafupa zida zofunikira kuti zithe kusamutsa mafayilo ndi kuwonjezera zigawo "kuchokera pansi."
Monga ma seva a fayilo, NAS imatsata makasitomala / kapangidwe ka seva. Chipangizo chimodzi chogwiritsa ntchito, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa NAS bokosi kapena mutu wa NAS, chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikiza pakati pa NAS ndi makasitomala amtundu. Zida za NASzi zimafuna kusamala, kibokosi kapena mbewa. Nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe ophatikizapo m'malo mwa NOS yathunthu. Mmodzi kapena zambiri disk (ndipo mwinamwake tepi) amayendetsa angagwirizane ndi machitidwe ambiri a NAS kuonjezera mphamvu zonse. Otsatsa nthawizonse amalumikizana ndi mutu wa NAS, komatu, m'malo mwa zipangizo zosungiramo.
Otsatsa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito NAS pa mgwirizano wa Ethernet . NAS imawonekera pa intaneti monga "node" imodzi yomwe ndi adesi ya IP ya chipangizo cha mutu.
NAS ikhoza kusunga deta iliyonse yomwe imawoneka ngati mafayilo, monga mabokosi a ma imelo, mauthenga a webusaiti, zosamalitsa zapansi, ndi zina zotero. Zonsezi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa NAS kufanana ndi maofesi apamwamba akale.
Machitidwe a NAS amayesetsa kugwira ntchito zodalirika ndikuwongolera mosavuta. Nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo zida zomangidwa monga zida za disk, kutsimikiziridwa kutetezedwa, kapena kutumiza mauthenga a imelo pokhapokha ngati pali vuto.
Malamulo a NAS
Kuyankhulana ndi mutu wa NAS kumachitika pa TCP / IP. Makamaka, makasitomala amagwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu angapo apamwamba ( ntchito kapena zosanjikiza zisanu ndi ziwiri mu machitidwe a OSI ) omangidwa pamwamba pa TCP / IP.
Malamulo awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi NAS ndi Sun Network File System (NFS) ndi Common Internet File System (CIFS). Zonse ziwiri ndi NFS ndi CIFS zimagwira ntchito mwachinsinsi / kasitomala mafashoni. Zonsezi zisanachitike masiku ano a NAS ndi zaka zambiri; Ntchito yoyambirira pazinthu izi zinachitika m'ma 1980.
NFS idapangidwa poyamba pogawana maofesi pakati pa machitidwe a UNIX kudutsa LAN . Thandizo la NFS posakhalitsa linakula kuti likhale ndi machitidwe osakhala a UNIX; Komabe, makasitomala ambiri a NFS lerolino ndi makompyuta omwe amasangalala ndi machitidwe ena a UNIX.
CIFS poyamba idatchedwa Server Message Block (SMB). SMB inakhazikitsidwa ndi IBM ndi Microsoft kuthandizira mafayilo ku DOS. Pamene protocol inagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu Windows, dzinalo linasinthidwa kukhala CIFS. Protocol yomweyo ikuwonekera lero mu machitidwe a UNIX monga gawo la phukusi la Samba .
Njira zambiri za NAS zimathandizanso Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Otsatsa amatha kumasula mawindo pa webusaiti yawo kuchokera ku NAS yomwe imathandiza HTTP. Machitidwe a NAS amagwiritsanso ntchito HTTP ngati njira yowonjezera ya maofesi otsogolera okhudza Web.