Phunzirani Mmene Mungalembe XML Yokonzekera ndi Yoyenera
Nthawi zina zimakhala zosavuta kumvetsetsa momwe mungalembe XML yopangidwa bwino poona chitsanzo. Mndandanda wamakalata olemba Webusaiti umalembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a XML - Ndikutcha AML kapena About Language Markup (pitani!). Ngakhale ili ndi chikalata chogwira ntchito, sikuti ndi buku la XML lopangidwa bwino kapena lovomerezeka.
Zolengedwa bwino
Pali malamulo ena enieni omwe angapange chikalata chokhazikitsidwa bwino cha XML:
- Chidziwitso cha XML chiyenera kubwera choyamba m'malemba onse.
- Ndemanga sizolondola pamtundu. Mayankho sangakhale nawo awiri ogonjera mzere, osati chiyambi ndi mapeto a ndemanga.
- Malemba ayenera kukhala ndi mapeto, kapena atsekekedwe mkati mwa tepi ya singleton, mwachitsanzo
. - Zizindikiro zonse za malemba ziyenera kutchulidwa, makamaka malemba aŵiri pokhapokha chidziwitsocho chiri ndi ndondomeko iwiri.
- Chilembo chilichonse cha XML chiyenera kukhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chomwe chiri ndi zinthu zina zonse.
Pali mavuto awiri okha ndi chilemba chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zisapangidwe bwino:
Chinthu choyamba chomwe chilembo cha AML chikusowa ndi chiganizo cha XML.
Vuto lina ndilo kuti palibe chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimatseketsa zinthu zina zonse. Kuti ndikonze izi, ine ndiwonjezera chinthu chapadera chokhala ndi chidebe:
Kupanga kusintha kosavutako (ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zonse zili ndi CDATA zokha) zidzasinthira chikalata chopangidwa bwino.
Chilolezo cha XML chovomerezeka chikuvomerezedwa ndi Document Type Definition (DTD) kapena XML Schema. Izi ndi malamulo omwe apangidwa ndi wopanga mapulogalamu kapena bungwe lamasinthidwe lomwe limatanthauzira ma semantics a fomu ya XML. Awa amauza makompyuta zomwe angachite ndi kulemba.
Pankhani ya Chilankhulo Choyang'ana Chakudya, chifukwa ichi sichiyankhulo cha XML chofanana, monga XHTML kapena SMIL, DTD idzapangidwa ndi wosintha. DTD imeneyo iyenera kuti imakhala pa seva yomweyo monga chilembo cha XML, ndipo chikufotokozedwa pamwamba pa chikalatacho.
Musanayambe kupanga DTD kapena Schema pa zolemba zanu, muyenera kuzindikira kuti mwa kupangidwa bwino, pepala la XML ndilodzifotokozera, ndipo safuna DTD.
Mwachitsanzo, ndi ndondomeko yathu yabwino ya AML, pali zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
Ngati mumadziŵa zolemba zopezeka mu Webusaiti, mukhoza kuzindikira zigawo zosiyana za ndondomekoyi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga mapepala atsopano a XML pogwiritsira ntchito zofananazo. Ndikudziwa kuti nthawi zonse ndimayika mutu wautali mu tag, ndi gawo loyamba la URL mu tepi.
DTD
Ngati mukufunikira kulemba chilembo chovomerezeka cha XML, mwina kugwiritsa ntchito deta kapena kukonza, mungachiphatikize m'daka lanu ndi chizindikiro. Mu chikho ichi, mumatanthauzira chizindikiro cha XML pamalopo, ndi malo a DTD (kawirikawiri Webusaiti URI). Mwachitsanzo:
Chinthu chimodzi chokhudzana ndi mauthenga a DTD ndi chakuti mukhoza kufotokoza kuti DTD ndi yowonerako pomwe dongosolo la XML liri ndi "SYSTEM". Mukhozanso kuwonetsa DTD ya anthu, monga ndi chilemba cha HTML 4.0:
Mukamagwiritsira ntchito zonsezi, mukuwuza chikalata kuti mugwiritse ntchito DTD (pepala lodziwika ndi anthu) ndi komwe mungapeze (mawonekedwe a chizindikiro).
Potsiriza, mukhoza kuyika mkati mwa DTD mwachindunji mu chikalata, mkati mwa tayi ya DOCTYPE. Mwachitsanzo (iyi si DTD yodalirika pa document AML):
Galamukani!!!! DOCTYPE makalata [ < ! ENTITY meta_keywords (#PCDATA)> ]>XML Schema
Kuti mupange chikalata chovomerezeka cha XML, mungagwiritsenso ntchito pepala la XML Schema pofotokozera XML yanu. XML Schema ndi buku la XML lofotokoza zikalata za XML. Phunzirani kulemba schema.
Zindikirani
Kungoyang'ana ku DTD kapena XML Schema sikokwanira. XML yomwe ili mu chikalatacho iyenera kutsatira malamulo mu DTD kapena Schema. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezera ndiyo njira yowonetsera kuti XML yanu ikutsatira malamulo a DTD. Mukhoza kupeza anthu ambiri pa Intaneti.