Kugwiritsa ntchito DOCTYPE Element mu Quirks Mode

Tulukani Chiphunzitsochi kuti Ikani Mawindo Awo mu Quirks Mode

Ngati mwakhala mukupanga mapepala kwa miyezi ingapo, mumakhala mukudziŵa zovuta polemba tsamba lomwe likuwoneka chimodzimodzi m'masakonde onse . Ndipotu, n'kosatheka. Masakatuli ambiri adalembedwa ndi zida zapamwamba zomwe angathe kuzigwira. Kapena iwo ali ndi njira yapadera zogwirira zinthu zosiyana ndi momwe ma browsers ena amachitira. Mwachitsanzo:

• Zigawo zinalengedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pazamasamba a Netscape. Sagwira ntchito muzithukuta zilizonse, ndipo zakhala zikuletsedwa ku Netscape 6.x +.

• Mafelemu apamanja adalengedwa pa intaneti pa Internet Explorer okha, ndipo adakhala mbali ya mafotokozedwe a HTML.
• Internet Explorer 6.0 ikuwonjezera malo ena (monga
  ) ma tags oyandikana, pokhapokha mutalemba zomwe zili mu div onse pa mzere umodzi (wamtali). (IE 6 ili ndi quirks zambiri komanso iyi.)
• Netscpe 4.7 sichisonyeza matebulo omwe sanalembedwe molondola HTML - amasonyeza tsamba losalemba mmalo mwake. Izi zinakhazikitsidwa ku Netscape 6.

Vuto la omanga osatsegulira ndiloyenera kuti apange makasitomala omwe ali kumbuyo akugwirizana ndi masamba a pawekha omwe adasankhidwa kuti azisintha. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, opanga osakaza amapanga njira zogwiritsa ntchito pazithunzithunzizo. Njira izi zimatanthauzidwa ndi kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwa chigawo cha DOCTYPE ndi zomwe DOCTYPE amaitanira.

DOCTYPE Kusintha ndi "Quirks Mode"

Ngati muika DOCTYPE yotsatira pa tsamba lanu la intaneti:

Mapulogalamu amasiku ano (Android 1+, Chrome 1+, IE 6+, iOS 1+, Firefox 1+, Netscape 6+, Opera 6+, Safari 1+) angamasulire izi mwa mafashoni otsatirawa:

1. Chifukwa pali DOCTYPE yolembedwa bwino, izi zimayambitsa ndondomeko yoyenera.
2. Ndi chikalata cha HTML 4.01 Chotsatira
3. Chifukwa chiri mu machitidwe olimbitsa, manyuzipepala ambiri apereka zomwe zili zomveka (kapena zambiri zogwirizana) ndi HTML 4.01 Transitional

Ndipo ngati mutayika DOCTYPE m'kabuku kanu:

Izi zikuwuza osakatukula amakono kuti mukufuna kusonyeza HTML 4.01 tsamba kuti muzitsatira mwatsatanetsatane ndi DTD.

Masakatuliwa adzalowera "mwamphamvu" kapena "miyezo" ndikupatsanso tsambalo motsatira miyezo. (Kotero, pa lembalo ili, malemba monga omwe angasamalidwe mwatsatanetsatane, monga chinthu chophatikizidwa chatsutsidwa mu HTML 4.01 Chokhazikika.)

Ngati mutachoka ku DOCTYPE kwathunthu, makasitomalawo amangotengedwa kuti akhale "quirks".

Gome ili m'munsi likuwonetsa zomwe asakatuli amagwiritsa ntchito popereka malingaliro osiyana a DOCTYPE.

Microsoft Imapangitsa Kuti Ikhale Yovuta

Internet Explorer 6 imakhalanso ndi gawo lomwe ngati mutayika chilichonse pamwamba pa chidziwitso cha DOCTYPE, iwo apita ku quirks mode. Choncho, zitsanzo zonsezi ziyika IE 6 mu quirks mode, ngakhale zidziwitso za DOCTYPE zikunena kuti ndizoyendera bwino:

ndi XHTML 1.1 DOCTYPE:

Komanso, ngati mutadutsa IE6, ndiye kuti muli ndi "mbali" yomwe Microsoft imayikidwa mu IE8 ndi IE9: META element switching ndi webusaiti blacklisting. Ndipotu, mabaibulo awiriwa tsopano ali ndi mitundu yosiyana (7)

• IE 5.5 quirks mode (IE 8 ndi 9)
• Ndondomeko ya IE 7 (IE 8 ndi 9)
• IE 8 pafupifupi miyezo yapamwamba (IE 8 ndi 9)
• Ndondomeko ya IE 8 (IE 8 ndi 9)
• IE 9 pafupifupi miyezo yapamwamba (IE 9)
• IE 9 miyezo yoyendera (IE 9)
• Mchitidwe wa XML (IE 9)

IE 8 inayambitsanso "Machitidwe Ogwirizana" kumene wogwiritsa ntchito angasankhe kusintha chitsanzo chobwezeretsanso ku IE 7 mode. Kuti ngakhale mutayika njira yomwe mukufuna kuyigwiritsa ntchito pazigawo zonse za DOCTYPE ndi META, tsamba lanu likanatha kukhazikitsidwa mmbuyo mwa njira zochepetsedwa.

Kodi Quirks Mode ndi chiyani?

Mafilimu a Quirks adalengedwa kuti athandize kuthana ndi chithandizo chonse chachilendo chosandulika komanso osakondera omwe akupanga webusaitiwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimenezo. Chodetsa nkhaŵa chimene opanga osakaniza anali nacho chinali chakuti atasintha ma browsers awo kuti azitsatira mwatsatanetsatane, olemba webusaiti adzasiyidwa kumbuyo.

Mwa kukhazikitsa DOCTYPE kusinthasintha ndi "Quirks Mode" izi zinapangitsa olemba webusaiti kuti asankhe momwe amafunira osatsegula kuti apange HTML yawo.

Zotsatira za Mtundu wa Quirks

Pali zotsatira zambiri zomwe asakatuli amagwiritsa ntchito mu Quirks Mode:

• M'masakatulo ena, bokosi lachitsanzo limasintha ku IE 5.5 ya bokosilo muzithunzi zamagetsi.
• Zigawuni zina sizilowa ma styles mu matebulo
• Mawonekedwe a Quirks amakhudza kusuntha kwa CSS ndi CSS mwakuya kwambiri, ngati mutembenuza masamba kuti muyese miyambo kuchokera ku quirks mode, onetsetsani kuti mukuyesa chigawo chanu cha CSS ndikuyang'ana mozama.
• Yang'anirani kusintha kwa malemba pamene mumayendedwe a quirks. Firefox amasintha momwe zizindikiro za id zimagwirira ntchito, mwachitsanzo. IE8 ndi IE9 zimasintha kwambiri pakulemba pamakina ozungulira.

Palinso kusiyana kwa "Almost Standards Mode:"

• Kutalika kwa tebulo maselo ndi zithunzi zokha mkati kumakhala kosiyana mosiyana ndi machitidwe oyenera.

Mmene Mungasankhire DOCTYPE

Ndimasulira mwatsatanetsatane mundandanda wanga wa DOCTYPE, koma pano pali malamulo ena ofunikira:

1. Nthawi zonse sankhani zoyenera kuchita poyamba. Ndipo muyeso wamakono womwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi HTML5:
   Pokhapokha mutakhala ndi chifukwa chomveka chopewa kugwiritsa ntchito HTML5 DOCTYPE, izi ndi zomwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito.
2. Pitani ku HTML 4.01 yodalirika ngati mukufuna kutsimikizira zinthu zakulera kapena mukufuna kupewa zinthu zatsopano pazifukwa zina:

3. Ngati mwadula zithunzi mu tebulo ndipo simukufuna kuwongolera, pitani ku HTML HTML 4.01:

4. Musalembe masamba mwadala mowirikiza. Nthawi zonse muzigwiritsa ntchito DOCTYPE. Izi zidzakupulumutsani pa chitukuko mtsogolomu, ndipo zilibe phindu lililonse. IE6 ikufalikira kutchuka ndipo pakukonzekera msakatuli (chomwe chiri makamaka chomwe chimapanga pa quirks mode ndi) mukudziletsa nokha, owerenga anu, ndi masamba anu. Ngati muyenera kulembera IE 6 kapena 7, ndiye mugwiritse ntchito ndondomeko zovomerezeka kuti muwathandize, osati kukakamiza makasitomala amakono kuti ayambe kuwayendera.

Chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito DOCTYPE

Mukadziwa kuti mtundu uwu wa DOCTYPE ukusintha, mukhoza kusintha masamba anu pa webusaiti mwa kugwiritsa ntchito DOCTYPE yomwe imasonyeza zomwe osatsegula angayembekezere pa tsamba lanu. Ndiponso, mutayamba kugwiritsa ntchito DOCTYPE, mudzakhala mukulemba HTML yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri kuti mukhale yoyenera (muyenera kutsimikiziranso). Ndipo polemba XHTML yeniyeni, mumalimbikitsa ojambula osanja kuti apange zida zoyenera.

Mawindo a Browser ndi Mode Quirks