Pamene mukuyamba kufufuza dziko lonse lapansi, mosakayikira mudzadziwika mau ndi mawu angapo omwe ndi atsopano kwa inu. Chimodzi mwa mawu omwe mungamve ndi "kupukuta" kapena "chinenero chamtengo wapatali". Kodi "kupitirira" kulisiyana bwanji ndi "code" ndi chifukwa chiyani akatswiri ena a webusaiti amawoneka kuti amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa mosiyana? Tiyeni tiyambe mwa kuyang'ana ndendende momwe "chilankhulo choponyera" chiri.
Tiyeni tiwone pa 3 kusindikiza Zinenero
Pafupipafupi mawu onsewa pa webusaiti omwe ali ndi "ML" mmenemo ndi "chinenero chakuyendetsa" (chodabwitsa chachikulu, ndicho chimene "ML" imayimira). Zinenero zopangira ndizo zomangamanga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapepala kapena maonekedwe ndi kukula kwake.
Kunena zoona, palinso zinenero zosiyanasiyana zosiyana siyana padziko lapansi. Kwa intaneti ndi chitukuko, pali zilankhulo zitatu zapadera zomwe mungathe kuyendamo. Izi ndi HTML, XML, ndi XHTML .
Chilankhulo cha Malipiro n'chiyani?
Kuti mumvetse bwino mawu awa - chilankhulo chokhala ndi chilankhulo ndi chinenero chomwe chimalongosola malemba kuti makompyuta athe kugwiritsira ntchito mawuwo. Mitundu yambiri yamakono ndi yowerengeka kwa anthu chifukwa zolembazo zinalembedwa m'njira yozisiyanitsa ndizolembedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ndi HTML, XML, ndi XHTML, tags tags ndi
Mwachitsanzo:
Iyi ndi ndime ya malemba olembedwa mu HTML
Chitsanzo ichi ndi ndime ya HTML. Ili ndi chizindikiro chotsegula (
), chizindikiro chotsekera (), ndi malemba omwe angasonyezedwe pazenera (ili ndi mawu omwe ali pakati pa ma tags awiri). Gulu lirilonse limaphatikizapo "zosakwana" ndi "zazikulu kusiyana ndi" chizindikiro kuti chiyike ngati gawo la kubwezeretsa.
Mukamasintha malemba kuti muwonetsedwe pamakompyuta kapena pa chipangizo china , muyenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa mawu omwewo ndi malembawo. "Kuyika" ndi malangizo owonetsera kapena kusindikiza.
Kusintha sikuyenera kukhala kompyuta yowerengeka. Zisonyezo zomwe zasindikizidwa kapena mu bukhu zimayambanso kutengedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ophunzira ambiri kusukulu amatsindika mfundo zina m'mabuku awo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti malemba omwe ali pamwamba ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuposa malemba oyandikana nawo. Mtundu wapamwamba umatengedwa kuti umakhala wamtengo wapatali.
Kusandulika kumakhala chilankhulo pamene malamulo amalembedwa polemba momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndikulemba. Wophunzira yemweyo akhoza kukhala ndi "chilembo chotenga mawu" ngati iwo alemba malamulo monga "pepala lofiira lapamwamba ndilokutanthauzira, chikwangwani cha chikasu ndizomwe mukufufuza, ndipo mapepala a pensulo ali m'mbali mwazitsulo ndi zina zowonjezera."
Mitundu yambiri yamakono imatanthauzidwa ndi ulamuliro wakunja wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu osiyanasiyana. Izi ndi momwe zilankhulo zamakono za Webusaiti zimagwirira ntchito. Zimatanthauzidwa ndi W3C, kapena Consortium ya World Wide Web .
Chilankhulo cha HTML-HyperText Markup
Chilankhulo cha HTML kapena HyperText Markup ndicho chinenero choyambirira cha Webusaiti ndipo chofala kwambiri chomwe mungagwiritse ntchito monga webusaiti womanga / wojambula.
Ndipotu, mwina ndilo lingaliro lokha limene mumagwiritsa ntchito pantchito yanu.
Masamba onse alembedwa mu kukoma kwa HTML. HTML imatanthauzira momwe zithunzi , multimedia, ndi malemba zikuwonetsedwa muzamasamba a pa intaneti. Chilankhulochi chimaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zingagwirizanitse zikalata zanu (hypertext) ndi kupanga zolemba zanu zamakalata (monga mafomu). Anthu ambiri amachitcha HTML "code webusaiti", koma mowonadi ndi chabe chinenero chamakono. Palibe mawu omwe sali olakwika ndipo mudzamva anthu, kuphatikizapo webusaiti ogwira ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito mau awiriwa mosiyana.
HTML ndi chilankhulidwe choyambirira choyimitsa. Yachokera pa SGML (Language Standard Markup Language).
Ndi chilankhulo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito malemba kuti chifotokozere momwe mawonekedwe anu alili. Zolemba ndi malemba akufotokozedwa ndi zilembo za
Pamene HTML ndilo lilime lodziwika bwino kwambiri lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito pa webusaiti lero, sizomwe zokhazo zowonjezera pa intaneti. Monga HTML inakhazikitsidwa, imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo malemba ndi zolemba zimagwirizanitsidwa m'chinenero chimodzi. Potsirizira pake, W3C inaganiza kuti panalibe kusowa kwa kusiyana pakati pa kalembedwe ka tsamba la webusaiti ndi zomwe zili. Chizindikiro chomwe chimamasulira zokhazokha chikanakhalabe mu HTML pamene malemba omwe amatha kufotokoza kalembedwe amalephera kupititsa patsogolo CSS (Mafilimu Osewera).
HTML yatsopano yotchulidwa ndi HTML ndi HTML5. Tsamba ili linaphatikizapo zida zambiri mu HTML ndipo zinachotsa zolimba zomwe zinaperekedwa ndi XHTML (zambiri pa chinenerochi posachedwa).
Njira yomwe HTML imatulutsidwa yasinthidwa ndi kuwuka kwa HTML5. Masiku ano, zida zatsopano ndi kusintha zikuwonjezeka popanda kuphatikizapo kukhala yatsopano, yowerengedwa. Chinthu chatsopano cha chinenerochi chimangotchedwa "HTML."
Chilankhulo cha XML-eXtensible Markup
Chilankhulo cha eXtensible Markup ndicho chinenero chomwe HTML chimachokera. Monga HTML, XML imachokera ku SGML. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa SGML komanso zovuta kwambiri kuposa HTML. XML imapereka zowonjezera kupanga zinenero zosiyanasiyana.
XML ndi chilankhulo cholembera zinenero zosindikizira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito maina, mukhoza kupanga malemba pogwiritsa ntchito XML kuti mufotokoze bambo, mayi, mwana wamkazi, ndi mwana wanu mu XML yanu monga:
Palinso zilankhulo zingapo zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale ndi XML: MathML pofotokoza masamu, SMIL yogwira ntchito ndi multimedia, XHTML, ndi ena ambiri.
Chilankhulo cha XHTML-eXtended HyperText Markup
XHTML 1.0 ndi HTML 4.0 yoyeretsedweratu kukwaniritsa XML mlingo. XHTML yasinthidwa mmakono apangidwe a intaneti ndi HTML5 ndi kusintha komwe kwatulukapo. Simungathe kupeza malo atsopano pogwiritsa ntchito XHTML, koma ngati mukugwira ntchito pa sitepi yakale kwambiri, mutha kukumana ndi XHTML kunja uko kuthengo.
Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa HTML ndi XHTML , koma apa ndi zomwe muwona:
- XHTML yalembedwa mochepa. Ngakhale malemba a HTML angathe kulembedwa mu vuto la UPPER, mulandu wa MiXeD, kapena vuto laling'ono, kuti likhale lolondola, ma tags a XHTML ayenera kukhala onse ochepa. (Dziwani - ambiri akatswiri a webusaiti alembe HTML muzithunzi zonse, ngakhale sizili zofunikira).
- Zinthu zonse za XHTML ziyenera kukhala ndi mathero omaliza. Zinthu zomwe zili ndi chizindikiro chimodzi chokha, monga ndikusowa kutseka kotseka (/) kumapeto kwa tepi:
- Malingaliro onse ayenera kutchulidwa mu XHTML. Anthu ena amachotsa malemba omwe ali pafupi ndi malingaliro kuti asunge malo, koma amafunika kuti alandire XHTML.
- XHTML imafuna kuti ma tags adziwe bwino. Ngati mutsegula chinthu chamtengo wapatali () ndikusindikizira () chinthu, muyenera kutseka chida () musanatseke (). (Zindikirani kuti zinthu zonsezi zalepheretsedwa chifukwa ndizowoneka bwino. HTML tsopano imagwiritsa ntchito ndi mmalo mwa izi ziwiri)
- Zizindikiro za HTML ziyenera kukhala ndi dzina ndi mtengo. Makhalidwe omwe ali oima-okha mu HTML ayenera kulengezedwa ndi zoyenera komanso, mwachitsanzo, chidziwitso cha HR chikanalembedwa noshade = "noshade".
Nkhani yoyamba ndi Jennifer Krynin. Yosinthidwa ndi Jeremy Girard pa 7/5/17.