Mvetserani Kusiyanasiyana pakati pa CMOS ndi CCD Sensors
Makamera onse a digito ali ndi chithunzithunzi chajambula chomwe chimatenga uthenga kuti apange chithunzi. Pali mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya masensa ojambula zithunzi-CMOS ndi CCD-ndipo aliyense ali ndi ubwino wake.
Kodi Sensulo ya Zithunzi Zimagwira Ntchito Motani?
Njira yosavuta kumvetsetsa chithunzithunzi chajambula ndicho kuganizira zachimodzimodzi ndi filimuyo. Pamene batani ya shutter pa kamera ya digito idandaula, kuwala kumalowa kamera. Chithunzichi chikuwonekera pa sensa momwe zikanakhalira pa filimu mu kamera ya film 35mm.
Makina a kamera a Digital ali ndi mapikisilosi omwe amasonkhanitsa photons (magetsi a kuwala) omwe amasandulika kukhala magetsi ndi photodiode. Chotsatirachi, chidziwitsochi chimasandulika kukhala chiwerengero cha digito ndi ojambula analog-to-digital (ADC) , kulola kamera kukonzanso zoyenera mu fano lomaliza .
Makamera a DSLR ndi makamera otsegula-ndi-kuwombera amagwiritsira ntchito mitundu iwiri ya mawonekedwe a zithunzi: CMOS ndi CCD.
Kodi CCD Sensor Image?
Makina a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) amasintha miyeso ya pixel sequentially pogwiritsa ntchito maulendo oyandikana ndi sensor. CCDs imagwiritsa ntchito yamapulogalamu imodzi pa mapilisi onse.
CCDs amapangidwa ku foundries ali ndi zipangizo zamakono. Izi zikuwonetsedwa mu mtengo wawo wapamwamba kwambiri.
Pali ubwino wina wosiyana wa capteur CCD pamwamba pa sensa ya CMOS:
- Pang'ono phokoso ndi zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri, makamaka mu zovuta
- Maonekedwe abwino kwambiri chifukwa mawonekedwe a sensor nthawi zambiri amakhala awiri a CMOS sensors
- Kukonzekera kwakukulu ndi kutengeka kochepa
Kodi Sensor Image Yani?
Makina a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) amasintha miyeso ya pixel panthawi imodzi, pogwiritsa ntchito maulendo oyendetsa maselowo. Masensa a CMOS amagwiritsa ntchito amphamvu kwambiri pa pixel iliyonse.
Masensa a CMOS amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku DSLRs chifukwa ali mofulumira komanso otsika mtengo kuposa magetsi a CCD. Onse awiri a Nikon ndi Canon amagwiritsa ntchito makina a CMOS m'makamera awo apamwamba a DSLR.
Sensiti ya CMOS imakhalanso ndi ubwino wake:
- Kuthamanga msanga mofulumira chifukwa ma pixel omwe amagwira ntchito ndi ADC ali pa chip ofanana
- Kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa, mobwerezabwereza katatu kuposa CCD
- Kamvedwe yowonjezera imakhala ngati kujambula kwa magalimoto, mtundu wa encoding, ndi kujambula kwa fano mwachindunji mu chipu
- Zimalepheretsa "kusunthira" pamene chithunzi chikuwongolera
- Njira yochepa yopangira mtengo, mofanana ndi ya microprocessor iliyonse, imawapangitsa kukhala otsika mtengo
- Chikhalidwe chakhala bwino kwambiri kuyambira pachiyambi
Zithunzi Zojambula Zamtundu
Mitundu ya fyuluta yamitundu imapangidwira pamwamba pa sensa kuti igwire zigawo zofiira, zobiriwira, ndi zapuluu za kuwala kugwera pa sensa. Choncho, pixel iliyonse imatha kuyeza mtundu umodzi. Mitundu ina iwiriyi imalinganizidwa ndi sensa yochokera pa ma pixel ozungulira.
Ngakhale izi zingakhudze khalidwe lazithunzi pang'ono, sizikuwonekera pa makamera apamwamba kwambiri masiku ano. DSLRs zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito lusoli.
Foveon Sensors
Maso a anthu amamvetsetsa mitundu itatu yoyamba yofiira, yobiriwira, ndi ya buluu, ndipo mitundu ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuphatikiza mitundu yoyamba. Kujambula kujambula kwa mafilimu, mitundu ikuluikulu yosiyana imawonetsa mafilimu ofanana nawo.
Mofananamo, mapuloteni a Foveon ali ndi zigawo zitatu zozizwitsa, zomwe aliyense amayeza imodzi mwa mitundu yoyamba. Chithunzi chimapangidwa ndi kuphatikiza zigawo zitatu izi kuti apange zithunzi zamatabwa. Izi ndi magetsi atsopano omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makamera ena a Sigma.