RAID ndi yankho lomwe linayambitsidwa poyamba pa msika wa masewera a seva monga njira yolenga chosungira chachikulu pamtengo wotsika. Kwenikweni, zingatenge ma drive angapo otsika mtengo ndi kuziyika palimodzi kupyolera mwa wolamulira kuti apereke galimoto imodzi yokha yodutsa galimoto. Izi ndi zomwe RAID imayimira: zovuta zambiri zoyendetsa magalimoto kapena disks. Kuti akwaniritse izi, mapulogalamu apadera ndi olamulira ankafunika kuti athetse deta pakati pa magalimoto osiyanasiyana.
Potsirizira pake, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito makina anu a kompyuta ikulola zinthuzo kuti zisungire njira yawo mumsika wamakompyuta .
Zosungirako zowonongeka zitha kukhala pulogalamu kapena zipangizo zamakina , ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zitatu zosiyana. Izi zikuphatikizapo mphamvu, chitetezo, ndi ntchito. Mphamvu ndi yosavuta yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa kukhazikitsidwa kwa RAID. Mwachitsanzo, magalimoto awiri olimbikitsa angathe kugwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ngati njira imodzi yogwiritsira ntchito kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kamene kamakhala kawiri kawiri. Kuchita ndi chifukwa china chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito RAID kukhazikitsa pa kompyuta yanu. Mu chitsanzo chomwecho cha magalimoto awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati imodzi yokha, woyendetsa akhoza kupatulira dhunki chunk mu magawo awiri ndikuyika gawo limodzi pa galimoto imodzi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito yolemba kapena kuwerenga deta pa dongosolo la kusungirako. Potsirizira pake, RAID ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna chitetezo cha data.
Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito malo omwe akuyendetsa magalimoto kuti awonetsere deta yomwe yalembedwa pazoyendetsa zonse. Apanso, ndi maulendo awiri timatha kupanga izo kuti deta yilembedwe kwa onse oyendetsa. Kotero, ngati imodzi ikuyendetsa galimoto, ina imakhala ndi deta.
Malingana ndi zolinga za malo osungirako zomwe mukufuna kuziyika pakompyuta yanu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana za RAID kukwaniritsa zolinga zitatuzi.
Kwa iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa mu makompyuta awo , ntchitoyo mwina idzakhala yaikulu kwambiri kuposa mphamvu. Komano, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maulendo olimba angafune njira yotengera magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ndi kuwagwirizanitsa pamodzi kuti apange galimoto yaikulu imodzi. Choncho tiyeni tione mbali zosiyanasiyana za RAID zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi makompyuta.
RAID 0
Izi ndizomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri za RAID ndipo sizimapereka mtundu uliwonse wa redundancy ndipo chifukwa chake zimatchulidwa pa msinkhu 0. Zofunikira, RAID 0 imatenga ma drive awiri kapena angapo ndikuwayika pamodzi kuti apange magalimoto akuluakulu. Izi zimapindula kudzera mu purosesa yotchedwa kukopera. Zimangidwe zadongosolo zasokonekera ku deta chunks ndipo kenaka zinalembedweratu kuti ziziyendetsa pamsewu. Izi zimapereka ntchito yowonjezereka chifukwa deta ingalembedwe imodzimodzi ndi woyendetsa galimotoyo mofulumizitsa kuchulukitsa kwa magalimoto. M'munsimu muli chitsanzo cha momwe izi zingagwiritsire ntchito ma disks atatu:
| Gwiritsani 1 | Gwiritsani 2 | Galimoto 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dulani 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Dulani 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Dulani 3 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
Kuti RAID 0 agwire ntchito molimbika kuti pakhale ntchito, muyenera kuyeserera ndi kuyendetsa magalimoto. Galimoto iliyonse iyenera kukhala ndi zofanana zenizeni zosungira mphamvu ndi makhalidwe.
Ngati iwo sali, ndiye kuti mphamvuyo idzakhala yokwanira pa zingapo za zing'onozing'ono ndi zoyendetsa pang'onopang'ono za magalimoto pomwe ziyenera kuyembekezera kuti mikwingwirima yonse ilembedwe musanayambe kusuntha. N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito maulendo osayenerera koma pakakhala choncho, kukhazikitsa JBOD kungakhale kotheka kwambiri.
JBOD imangoimira gulu limodzi la ma drive ndipo mogwira mtima ndi mndandanda wa magalimoto omwe angapezeke mwaufulu kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake koma amawoneka ngati osungirako yosungira kayendedwe kachitidwe. Izi ndizopindula pokhala ndi deta pakati pa magalimoto. Kawirikawiri izi zimatchedwa SPAN kapena BIG.
Mogwira ntchito, ntchitoyo imaona kuti onsewo ali ngati diski imodzi koma zolembazo zikhoza kulembedwa kudutsa disk yoyamba mpaka itadzaza, kenako pitirizani kupita ku yachiwiri, kenaka katatu, ndi zina zotero. Izi ndi zothandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu yowonjezera mu kompyuta yanu yomwe ilipo kale. ndi zoyendetsa zamitundu yosiyana koma sizingapangitse ntchito ya magalimoto.
Vuto lalikulu la RAID 0 ndi JBOD setups ndi chitetezo cha deta. Popeza muli ndi maulendo angapo, mwayi wovunda wa deta ukuwonjezeka chifukwa muli ndi mfundo zambiri zolephera . Ngati galimoto iliyonse mumtundu wa RAID 0 ikulephera, deta yonse imatha kupezeka. Mu JBOD, kuyendetsa galimoto kudzatayika kutayika kwa deta iliyonse yomwe inalipo pa galimotoyo. Zotsatira zake, ndi zabwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosungirako kuti akhale ndi njira zina zobwezeretsa deta yawo.
KULUKA 1
Iyi ndiyomweyi yoyamba ya RAID pamene imapereka chiwerengero chonse cha redundancy kwa deta yosungidwa. Izi zachitika kudzera mu njira yomwe imatchedwa mirroring. Mwachangu, deta zonse zomwe zalembedwera dongosolo zimakopedwa pa galimoto iliyonse pamlingo woyamba. Mawonekedwe awa a RAID amachitika ndi magalimoto awiri pokha powonjezera magalimoto ena sangapange mphamvu yowonjezerapo, redundancy yambiri. Pofuna kupereka chitsanzo cha izi, apa pali ndondomeko yomwe ikuwonetsa momwe idalembedwera ma drive awiri:
| Gwiritsani 1 | Gwiritsani 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Dulani 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Dulani 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Dulani 3 | 3 | 3 |
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mogwira mtima kuchokera ku kukhazikitsa kwa RAID 1, dongosololi lidzagwiritsanso ntchito maulendo omwe amagawana nawo mphamvu zomwezo ndi mawerengedwe a ntchito.
Ngati magalimoto osagwiritsidwa ntchito akugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti mphamvu yowonjezera idzakhala yofanana ndi yaing'ono yodutsa galimoto pagulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati terabyte imodzi ndi hafu limodzi ndi galimoto imodzi yamagetsi inagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gulu la RAID 1, mphamvu yowonjezerayiyi ingakhale yamtambo umodzi.
Mbali iyi ya RAID ndi yothandiza kwambiri pachitetezo cha deta chifukwa maulendo awiriwa ali ofanana. Ngati imodzi ya maulendo awiriwa satha, ndiye winayo ali ndi deta yathunthu. Vuto ndi kukhazikitsa kotereku ndikutanthawuza kuti ndiyiti yomwe yalephera kuyendetsa chifukwa nthawi zambiri kusungirako sikungatheke pamene chimodzi mwa ziwirizi chikulephera ndipo sichidzabwezeretsedwa bwino mpaka galimoto yatsopano itayikidwa m'malo mwa olephera ndi kubwezeretsa ndondomeko ikuyendetsedwa. Monga tanenera kale, palinsobe kupindula konseko kuchokera ku izi. Ndipotu, padzakhala pang'ono kuchepa kwa ntchito kuchokera kwa wotsogolera wa RAID.
RAID 1 + 0 kapena 10
Izi ndizowonjezereka zovuta za magulu a RAID 0 ndi mlingo woyamba . Mwachidziwitso, wolamulirayo amafunika zosachepera zinayi zoyendetsa kuti azitha kugwira ntchitoyi chifukwa choti zomwe zichita ndi kupanga awiri awiri oyendetsa. Chigawo choyamba cha zoyendetsa ndizojambula zomwe zimachitika pakati pa awiriwo. Seti yachiwiri ya ma drive imayanjananso koma imayikidwa kuti ikhale mzere woyamba. Izi zimapereka chidziwitso cha chiwerengero cha deta ndi zotsatira za ntchito. M'munsimu muli chitsanzo cha momwe deta ingalembedwere kudutsa magalimoto anayi pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi:
| Gwiritsani 1 | Gwiritsani 2 | Galimoto 3 | Gwiritsani 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dulani 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Dulani 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Dulani 3 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
Kuti mukhale oona mtima, iyi si njira yokondweretsa RAID yokhala pa kompyuta. Ngakhale zimapereka mphamvu zowonjezereka si zabwino chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa pamwamba pa dongosolo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizowonongeka kwambiri malo pamene magalimoto adzayendetsa pokhapokha theka la mphamvu zonse zogwirizanitsa. Ngati magalimoto osagwiritsidwa ntchito akugwiritsidwa ntchito, ntchitoyi idzakhala yochepa kwambiri pa zoyendetsa komanso mphamvu zomwe zingakhale zochepa kwambiri.
RAID 5
Izi ndizikuluzikulu za RAID zomwe zingapezeke mu makompyuta ogula makompyuta ndipo ndi njira yowonjezera yowonjezera mphamvu ndi redundancy. Icho chimapindulitsa ichi kupyolera mu ndondomeko yolemba deta ndi umodzi. Maola atatu osayenera ndi ofunikira kuti achite izi monga momwe deta imagawanika n'kupanga mikwingwirima pamayendedwe angapo koma kamodzi kokha kudutsa mzerewu ndipadera pambali yaumulungu. Kuti mumvetse bwino izi, lolani koyamba kuti muwone momwe deta ingalembere kudutsa ma drive atatu:
| Gwiritsani 1 | Gwiritsani 2 | Galimoto 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dulani 1 | 1 | 2 | p |
| Dulani 2 | 3 | p | 4 |
| Dulani 3 | p | 5 | 6 |
Mwachidziwikire, woyang'anira galimoto amatenga chunk ya deta kuti ilembedwe kudera lonselo. Dontho loyamba la deta likuikidwa pa galimoto yoyamba ndipo yachiwiri imayikidwa pa yachiwiri. Galimoto yachitatu imapangitsa kuti phindu likhale lofanana ndi loyambirira. Mu masamu ophatikiza, muli ndi 0 ndi 1. Ndondomeko yamasamba ya boolean yachitidwa poyerekeza bits. Ngati awiriwa awonjezera mpaka nambala (0 + 0 kapena 1 + 1) ndiye banthu bit adzakhala zero. Ngati awiriwa awonjezeka ku nambala yosamvetseka (1 + 0 kapena 0 + 1) ndiye kuti bitumphindu chidzakhala chimodzi. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi chakuti ngati imodzi ya ma drive ikulephera, wotsogolera amatha kudziwa zomwe deta yosowayo ili. Mwachitsanzo, ngati oyendetsa galimoto amalephera, akungoyendetsa galimoto ziwiri kapena zitatu, ndipo amayendetsa awiri ali ndi deta imodzi ndipo amayendetsa atatu ali ndi chigawo chimodzi, ndiye chosowa cha deta pa galimoto imodzi ayenera kukhala zero.
Izi zimapereka chidziwitso chodziwika bwino cha deta chomwe chimalola kuti deta yonse ibwezeretsedwe ngati cholakwika cha galimoto chikulephera. Tsopano kwa masewera ambiri ogulitsa, kulephera kudzapangitsa kuti dongosolo lisakhale chifukwa silinayende bwino. Kuti mutenge dongosololi likugwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti mutenge malo osayendetsa galimoto ndi galimoto yatsopano. Ndiye njira yokonzanso deta iyenera kuchitidwa pa mlingo wa olamulira omwe amatha kupanga boolean ntchito yowonongeka kuti abwererenso deta pa yosayendetsa galimoto. Izi zingatenge nthawi, makamaka pa ma drive akuluakulu koma osachepera amatha kupezeka.
Tsopano mphamvu ya RAID 5 ikudalira pa chiwerengero cha magalimoto m'gulu ndi mphamvu zawo. Apanso, ndondomekoyi ndi yokhazikika pang'onopang'ono kogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto pamtundu kotero ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ofanana. Malo osungirako osungirako ndi ofanana ndi chiwerengero cha ma drive kupatula nthawi imodzi yotsika kwambiri. Kotero mu masamu, ndi (n-1) * Capacitymin . Kotero, ngati muli ndi magalimoto awiri a GG mu gulu la RAID 5, mphamvu yonse idzakhala 4GB. Mtundu wina wa 5 wa RAID umene unagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto anayi a 2GB ukhoza kukhala ndi 6GB ya mphamvu.
Tsopano ntchito ya RAID 5 ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa njira zina za RAID chifukwa cha njira ya boolean yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa kuti pakhale chiwonetsero chapadera pamene deta ikulembedwera ku magalimoto. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ntchito yolemba idzakhala yochepa kusiyana ndi RAID 0 ndi nambala yomweyi yoyendetsa. Werengani machitidwe, komano, samavutika mofanana ndi kulembedwa chifukwa ndondomeko ya boolean sinayambe chifukwa imawerenga deta yolunjika kuchokera ku magalimoto.
Nkhani Yaikulu Ndi Mapulani Onse Oopsya
Takhala tikukambilana za ubwino ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana a RAID omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa makompyuta okhaokha koma pali vuto lina limene anthu ambiri salizindikira pokhazikitsa kupanga RAID zoyendetsa magalimoto. Pangani dongosolo la RAID lisanagwiritsidwe ntchito, liyenera kumangidwanso ndi pulogalamu yamakina ya hardware kapena pulogalamu yamagetsi. Izi zimayambitsanso kupanga mapangidwe apadera oyenerera kuti muwone momwe deta idzalembedwere ndikuwerengedwa pa galimotoyo.
Izi sizikumveka ngati vuto koma ndibwino kuti musinthe momwe mukufuna kuti gulu lanu la RAID likonzedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mukutsika pa deta ndipo mukufuna kuwonjezera galimoto yowonjezera ya gulu la RAID 0 kapena RAID 5. Kawirikawiri, simungathe kupanganso kukonzanso kachilombo ka RAID komwe kudzachotsanso deta iliyonse yosungidwa pazoyendetsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kubwezeretsa deta yanu, yonjezerani galimoto yatsopano, yongolaninso mtundu wa magalimoto, mawonekedwe omwe amayendetsa galimoto, ndiyeno mubwezeretsenso deta yanu yoyamba kubwerera. Izi zingakhale zowawa kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi dongosolo lokhazikitsa momwe mukufuna poyamba.