Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi nswala kumakhala nkhani zambiri m'madera ambiri, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwa maphwando onse omwe akukhudzidwa. Ambiri amagwidwa ndi magalimoto amamwalira, magalimoto omwe amawombera amatha kuwononga madola masauzande ambiri, ndipo anthu am'galimoto amatha kuvulazidwa kwambiri, mpaka kufa. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, mfuu yamagulu yakhala ngati njira yabwino yopezera ngozi izi, koma mafunso amakhalabe ngati mfuu imaimba kapena ayi.
N'kwachibadwa kufunafuna njira zopewera zolaula, ndipo anthu ambiri amalumbirira kuti zipangizo ngati muluu zimagwira ntchito. Komabe, umboni wonse ulipo ukuwoneka kuti umakondweretsa matekinoloje monga nyali zosinthika ndi machitidwe opewera kugunda , ndi njira monga kuyendetsa galimoto, mogwira mtima popewera kugwidwa ndi ziweto kusiyana ndi mfuu.
Vuto Lowonjezereka la Kugonana Kwachikondi
Malingana ndi Inshuwalansi ya Inshuwalansi, pafupifupi 1: 169 oyendetsa galimoto ku United States anaphatikizana ndi nswala mu 2015. Popeza pali madola okwana 210 miliyoni omwe ali ndi chilolezo m'dziko muno, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa magulu pakati pa nyerere ndi magalimoto chaka chilichonse.
Nthawi zambiri kugwidwa kwa njuchi kungayambike ku zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo kugawanika kwa malo, komwe kumangokhalira kudutsa misewu yopita kukafesa, komanso kuwonjezereka kwapang'onopang'ono, kwa mibadwo yambiri, ndi phokoso la pamsewu. Anthu amtunduwu adakalipiranso zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa choletsa kusaka ndi kuthetseratu nyama zowonongeka ngati mimbulu ku malo ambirimbiri okhala ndi ziweto. Popeza pali madalaivala oposa ambiri pamsewu chaka chilichonse, ndipo anthu ambiri akuwombera m'madera ambiri, kuwonjezeka kwa kugwidwa kwa njala kumakhala kosawoneka.
Ng'ombe ndi nyama zolemera zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yokoka yomwe imakwera ndi miyendo yaitali, chifukwa chake kugwidwa ndi nthenda nthawi zambiri kumakhala koopsa kwa nyama komanso galimoto. Malingana ndi deta yochokera ku Inshuwalansi ya Inshuwalansi, chiwonongeko chochuluka chomwe chikugwera ndi galimoto pakugwedezeka kwadzidzidzi chimapitirira ndalama zoposa $ 3,000. Kwa magalimoto akale ndi magalimoto, nthawi zambiri amakhala okwanira kuti agwire galimotoyo.
Ngakhale kuti anthu pafupifupi 150 anafera m'nkhalango mu 2008, ndipo ena pafupifupi 30,000 anavulala, nthendayi imatha kuwonongeka kwambiri. Ndipotu, chiwerengero cha nyerere zakuphedwa ndi osaka chaka ndi chaka choposa kasanu ndi chimodzi kuposa chiwerengero cha nyerere zakupha pangozi za galimoto.
Ngakhale kuti ozilera amatenga chaka choposa mamiliyoni asanu ndi limodzi ku United States, malinga ndi deta kuchokera ku American Institute of Biological Sciences, oyendetsa galimoto akupha ndi kupha nyama zoposa milioni chaka chilichonse.
Mchitidwe Wotsutsana ndi Makhalidwe Abwino
Cholinga chachikulu cha mfuu ndizoti amachotsa mawu omwe amawoneka kuti akuyang'ana zowopsa ndipo amawaopseza. Phokoso limapangidwa ndi mpweya umene umadutsa mluzi, womwe nthawi zambiri umakwera kutsogolo kapena padenga la galimoto. Mphepete zamagetsi zimapezekanso.
Okonza ndi ochirikiza maphokoso a nsomba amanena kuti nyerere ndi zinyama zina zimatha kumva akupanga mafakitale omwe amapanga motere, koma phokosolo ndilopamwamba kwambiri kuti anthu amve. Komanso, amadzinenera kuti nyamazi zimakhala zowoneka mwachilengedwe, choncho mkokomo waukulu, wamkokomo wamveka kuchokera ku mfuti yawulu idzawapangitsa kuti asiye kapena kuthawa.
Panthawiyi, umboni wonse wakuti ntchito yoimbira malipoti ndi yosavomerezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito iwo nthawi zambiri amathandizira luso lamakono. Popeza anthu ambiri omwe amawomba mfuu amachita zovuta kwambiri atagwidwa ndi nthenda, ntchentche, kapena nyama ina yaikulu-kapena ngozi zosawerengeka-kusowa kwa ngozi zina zikuwoneka kuti ndizowona kuti mfuu zimagwira ntchito, ndipo n'zovuta kukangana ndi zochitika zaumwini.
Ndiye Kodi Makhalidwe Olungama Amadzulo Amagwira Ntchito?
Ngakhale umboni wina wosagwirizana nawo umanena kuti mkokomo wa nsomba umagwira ntchito, ndipo makampani ena amaika ngongole pamagalimoto onse kapena magalimoto awo pamtunda wawo kapena amaumirira kuti madalaivala awo aziwaika pamagalimoto awo, aphungu akadali kunja.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali umboni weniweni wakuti mfuu zimagwira ntchito mwa njira iliyonse yomwe ingachepetse ngozi, komanso inshuwalansi, mungayembekezere kuti makampani a inshuwalansi akupereka ndalama kapena akuperekerani mfuu kwa alangizi. Komabe, zosiyana ndi zoona.
Makampani ambiri a inshuwalansi, omwe nthawi zambiri amapereka zowonjezera za matekinoloje otetezeka monga airbags kapena maulmasi a galimoto, samalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mfuu yamalonda, ndipo makampani ambiri monga Allstate ndi Geico amavomereza kuti asagwiritse ntchito mfuu yamalonda.
Nkhani ina yokhutira ndizoimbira mfuu zogwirira ntchito ngati zikulengezedwa.
Makampani omwe amapanga zipangizozi amatha kunena kuti amachoka maulendo omwe amawopsya nyerere, zomwe ndi zachilengedwe zowonongeka. Izi zikuwoneka ngati zomveka, koma sizitsimikiziridwa ndi umboni weniweni, wosakhala wovomerezeka. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti kulira kwa maliro-kapena mankhwala omwe amawoneka pa maphunzirowo-osatulutsa ngakhale kumveka kwa ultrasonic, yomwe imavomerezedwa ngati maulendo opitirira 20 kHz omwe sali kunja kwa kumvetsera kwaumunthu.
Sikuti mfuu yonse imanena kuti imapanga mauthenga akupanga, kotero kuti kuchotsa izi sizowonjezera choonadi pa malonda. N'kofunikanso kudziwa kuti mluzu wosiyanasiyana umapanga maulendo osiyanasiyana, pamtundu wosiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe. Ena amapanga phokoso kuti mbalame zimatha kumvetsera, choncho funso ndiloti ziwomvekazo zimakhala zothandiza poletsa nyama kuti zisayende mumsewu.
Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti mkokomo wa nsomba siwothandiza, pomwe umboni wosatsutsika umati iwo ali. Komabe, zipangizozi ndi zotchipa, zosavuta kukhazikitsa, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mfuu zamalonda sizingatheke kuvulaza chirichonse ngakhale kuti sichigwira ntchito ngati chidziwitso.
Umboni Wakuti Nsomba Zogwiritsira Ntchito Sizigwira Ntchito
Ngakhale palibe maphunziro omwe amasonyeza ntchito yamagulu a zibulu, izo sizikutanthauza kuti palibe maphunziro aliwonse pa nkhaniyo. Mabungwe ambiri a boma, mayunivesite ngakhale makampani a inshuwalansi ayang'ana ndi kuyeserera mfuu, ndipo onse amavomereza pa mfundo zingapo.
Chofunika koposa, deta yopezeka pamasewera ozunguza kwambiri akusonyeza kuti palibenso kusiyana kwenikweni komwe kumagwira ntchito poyendetsa magalimoto popanda mluzu poyerekezera ndi magalimoto okhala ndi mluzu .
Mfundo ina yomwe imabweretsedwa ndi maphunziro ambiri a mluzi ndikuti sizodziwikiratu ngati mbalame zimatha kumva kumva maulendo omwe akuwombera phokoso amafunika kuwopsya. Ngakhale nthenda imatha kumva maulendo apamwamba kusiyana ndi anthu, maphunziro asonyeza kuti mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe tizilombo timamva zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kugwera pansi pa maulendo omwe amapanga mluzu.
Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wina wofalitsidwa ndi Acoustical Society of America anapeza kuti mfuu yotsekedwa yotsekemera imapanga maulendo pafupifupi 3.3 kHz, pamene mluzu wotseguka imabweretsa maulendo pafupifupi 12 kHz omwe amasiyana mosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mpweya wa mpweya, womwe umakhala wochepa ya chizindikiro cha 20 kHz chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi phokoso la akupanga.
Ngakhale kuti 3.3 kHz imakhala mkati mwa nthendayi, ndipo 12 kHz imakhala mkati mwa maulendo osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kumva pamtundu wabwino, phunzirolo linapezanso kuti mphamvu zomwe mluzu wamaphokoso analenga zimakhala "zotayika kwathunthu" Phokoso la pamsewu lopangidwa ndi galimoto kapena galimoto.
Umboni wa chidziwitso ichi ndikuti ngakhale mfuu yotsekemera inachititsa kuti 3.3 kHz phokoso, lomwe liri kumvetsera kwa anthu, maphunziro a anthu sankatha kusiyanitsa phokoso la mluzi kuchokera phokoso lamsewu.
Ngakhale n'zotheka kuti nthenda ingakhale bwino kumvetsetsa phokoso pa maulendowa, deta yonseyi ikuwonetseratu kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha zozizwitsa m'magulu a nyerere pamphepete mwazitsulo popanda maguduli. Popeza nsomba zimamveka phokoso lalikulu, zimakhala zomveka kuti zimamva mluzu, koma zimakula ngati momwe zimagwirira ntchito phokoso lapamwamba ngati zimakhala phokoso lina.
Kupewa Kugonjetsa Amadzulo Popanda Mphepete Mphepete
Ali ndi nthenda zambiri zodyera ndi kumadyetsa pafupi ndi misewu chaka chilichonse, ndi madalaivala ambiri pamsewu kusiyana ndi kale lonse, kusokonezeka pakati pa njala ndi magalimoto sikungatheke. Komabe, pali njira zingapo zochepetsera zovuta zogwira nsomba, ngakhale popanda mfuu.
Kutetezeka, kuyendetsa galimoto ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopeŵera kugunda chiwalo kapena nyama ina iliyonse ndi kukhala ndi diso loyang'anira pamene mutalowa chizindikiro chodutsa ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri. Popeza nsomba zimakonda kuyenda m'magulu, kuona nyama imodzi kumbali ya msewu kumapangitsanso mwayi wowona zambiri, choncho kuchepetsa vutoli kumakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira.
Palinso magulu ochepa a magalimoto otetezera galimoto omwe angathandize kuchepetsa mwayi wogunda nsomba, zomwe zimakhala zochitika m'maola pakati pa madzulo ndi madzulo. Kugwiritsira ntchito mapepala akuluakulu kumene kuli koyenera kuthandizira kudziwa zinyama pamsewu panthawi yoima, ndipo zowonongeka zimathandiza panthawi yomwe nyama ingakhale ikudutsa pangodya, kumene nyali zowala zimawala mopanda phindu.
Ndondomeko zowonongeka zingathenso kuzindikira zolepheretsa, kuphatikizapo nyerere, ndi kupereka chenjezo, precharge mabaki anu, kapena ngakhale kuimitsa galimoto posaka nyama.
Ngati chowombera chikudumphira kutsogolo kwa galimoto yanu, nkofunika kuti muzitsuka pamene mukukhala mumsewu wanu. Pamene kulumphira kungakulolereni kuti mupewe nsomba, zingakhalenso kukupatsani inu, okwera, ndi madalaivala ena pangozi yaikulu. Kulowera kumsewu wopita kuntchito nthawi zambiri kungayambitse kugunda ndi galimoto ina, ndipo ngozi zambiri zimachitika pamene galimoto kapena galimoto ikuthawa pamsewu.
Zosokoneza zina sitingathe kuzipewa, kapena popanda zida. Koma ndi matendawa omwe amachititsa anthu oposa 150 kupha chaka chilichonse, kuphatikizapo milioni imodzi yakufa ndi madola oposa mabiliyoni anayi kuwonongeka kwa katundu, ngakhale kusintha kochepa pa khalidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zingapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu.