Dongosolo lamakono la foni ( PSTN ) limagwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha kwa dera kuti lipereke mauthenga a voice pamene VoIP imagwiritsa ntchito paketi-kusintha kuti ichite zimenezo. Kusiyana kwa momwe mitundu iwiri yosinthira ntchito ndi chinthu chomwe chinapangitsa VoIP kukhala yosiyana ndi yopambana.
Kuti mumvetse kusintha, muyenera kuzindikira kuti malo omwe alipo pakati pa anthu awiri olankhulana ndi malo ovuta a makina ndi makina, makamaka ngati intaneti ndi intaneti. Taganizirani za munthu ku Mauritius pokambirana ndi foni ndi munthu wina kumbali ina ya dziko lapansi, nenani ku US. Pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma-routers, switch ndi mitundu ina ya zipangizo zomwe zimatenga deta yomwe imafalitsidwa pakutha kuchokera kumapeto.
Kusintha ndi Kuyenda
Kusintha ndi kuyendetsa zinthu ndizosiyana ndi zinthu ziwiri, koma chifukwa cha kuphweka, tiyeni tizisintha ndi maulendo (omwe ndi magetsi omwe amachititsa kusintha ndi kuwongolera motsatira) monga zipangizo zomwe zimagwirira ntchito imodzi: kulumikizana ndi kulumikiza deta kuchokera amachokera komwe akupita.
Njira kapena Maulendo
Chinthu chofunikira kuyang'ana pakufalitsa chidziwitso pa intaneti yovuta kwambiri ndi njira kapena dera. Zida zopanga njirayo zimatchedwa nodes. Mwachitsanzo, mawotchi, ma routers, ndi zipangizo zina zamakono ndizo nodes.
Poyendetsa dera, njirayi imasankhidwa musanayambe kusuntha kwa deta. Njirayi imasankha njira yomwe mungatsatire, pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yowonjezereka, ndi kutumiza kumapita molingana ndi njira. Kwa kutalika kwa gawo loyankhulana pakati pa matupi awiri oyankhulana, njirayo imaperekedwera ndipo imakhala yokhazikika ndipo imasulidwa pokhapokha gawolo litatha.
Ma Pakiti
Kuti muthe kumvetsa phukusi-kusinthasintha, muyenera kudziwa kuti paketi ndi yani. Internet Protocol (IP) , monga ma protocol ena ambiri, amaswa deta m'zinthu zamkati ndi kukulumikiza muzinthu zamapaketi. Phukusi lirilonse lili, pamodzi ndi katundu wothandizira, chidziwitso chokhudza IP adiresi ya magwero ndi malo omwe akupita, manambala, ndi zina zowonjezera. Phukusi lingathenso kutchedwa gawo kapena datagram.
Akafika poti apite, mapaketi amasonkhananso kuti apange deta yapachiyambi kachiwiri. Choncho, ndizoonekeratu kuti kufalitsa deta mu mapaketi, iyenera kukhala deta yadijito.
Phukusi-kusintha, mapaketi amatumizidwa kumalo opita mosasamala wina ndi mzake. Phukusi lirilonse liyenera kupeza njira yake yopita komwe likupita. Palibe njira yokonzedweratu; chisankho cha kuti ndi mfundo iti yomwe mungapite kuti muyite mu sitepe yotsatira imangotengedwa kokha pamene node ikufikira. Phukusi lirilonse limapeza njirayo pogwiritsira ntchito luso lomwe limatenga, monga malo omwe amachokera komanso omwe akupita ku IP.
Monga mukuyenera kuti munaganizira kale, mawonekedwe a foni a PSTN amagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwadongosolo pamene VoIP imagwiritsa ntchito paketi yosinthasintha .
Kuyerekeza Kwachidule
- Kusinthasintha kwadongosolo ndi kokalamba komanso kotsika mtengo, ndipo ndi momwe PSTN imagwiritsira ntchito. Kusintha kwa pakiti ndizo zamakono.
- Pamene mukupanga foni ya PSTN, mukukwera lendi, ndipo zonsezi zikutanthauza. Onani chifukwa chake maiko akunja ndi okwera mtengo? Kotero ngati mukulankhula, nenani maminiti 10, mumalipira maminiti khumi a mzere wodzipereka. Nthawi zambiri mumalankhulana pokhapokha ngati mlembi wanu ali chete, ndipo mosiyana. Poganizira mozama nthawi yomwe palibe wina amalankhula, potsiriza mumagwiritsa ntchito mocheperapo theka la zomwe mumalipira. Ndi VoIP, mumatha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kapena dera ngakhale pali anthu ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Palibe kudzipereka kwa dera. Mtengo umagawidwa.
- Kuyendetsa dera ndi odalirika kuposa kusintha kwa pakiti. Mukakhala ndi dera lopatulira gawoli, mukutsimikiza kuti mutha kudziwa zambiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito dera limene liri lotseguka kwa mautumiki ena, ndiye kuti pali mwayi wawukulu wa kusokonezeka, ndipo kotero kuchedwa kapena ngakhale paketi yotayika. Izi zikutanthauzira khalidwe lochepa la VoIP liwu poyerekeza ndi PSTN. Koma muli ndi zizindikiro zina zopereka chithandizo popanga njira zogwiritsa ntchito phukusi kuti zipangidwe zodalirika kwambiri. Chitsanzo ndi protocol TCP . Popeza mawu amatha kulekerera phukusi losawonongeka (pokhapokha ngati malemba - popeza kutayika kwapadera kungatanthauze kusiyana kwakukulu), kusintha kwa phukusi kumapeto kwabwino kwa VoIP.