PSTN Tanthauzo - Public Switched Phone Network
PSTN ndilo mawu ofotokozera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa foni yamtundu wamtunda. Mawu ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi POTS, omwe amaimira Plain Old Telephone System, njira yosagwiritsira ntchito geek yomwe imakhala yakale komanso yosavuta poyerekeza ndi otsutsana nawo pamsika.
Masewuwa adalengedwa makamaka pa mauthenga a analog mauthenga pa zingwe zomwe zinagwirizanitsa mayiko ndi makontinenti. Ndiko kusintha pamwamba pa foni yamakono yotulukira ndi Alexander Graham Bell. Izo zinabweretsa dongosolo la kayendetsedwe kabwino kachitidwe ndipo zinayendetsera ku msinkhu wokhala makampani, ndipo ndipindulitsa kwambiri komanso yothetsera mavuto.
PSTN ndi Other Communication Systems
PSTN tsopano imatchulidwa ndipo imatchulidwira, makamaka mu wailesi, mosiyana ndi mafakitale ena omwe akuwonekera. Mobile telephoni inayamba ngati njira yoyamba yopita ku PSTN pankhani yolankhulirana. Kulankhulana kwa magulu (2G) kunathandiza anthu kuti aziyankhulana pang'onopang'ono pamene PSTN inalola anthu kupanga ndi kulandira ma telefoni okha, pakhomo kapena ku ofesi.
Komabe, PSTN idakalibebe malo ake masiku ano monga telefoni yomwe idakhalabe mtsogoleri wodalirika wotchuka kwambiri, ndi Opinion Score (MOS) ya 4 mpaka 5, 5 kukhala mtengo wapatali. Zasungiranso malo ake kunyumba ndi m'mabizinesi pa zifukwa zingapo. Kufikira zaka zaposachedwa, anthu ambiri (kuphatikizapo anthu omwe sali mbadwa zamagetsi kapena ojambula ojambula) sanayambe kulandira mafoni a telephony ndipo amatha kupezeka pokhapokha mwa nambala yawo yakale yamtunda. Komanso, PSTN ndilo chithandizo chachikulu cha intaneti kuntchito zambiri m'mayiko ambiri. Pambuyo pake, kukwanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zoyankhulirana monga VoIP ndi ma teknoloji ena a OTT nthawi zambiri amafunikira PSTN mzere kuti pakhale Intaneti, kudzera mu mzere wa ADSL mwachitsanzo.
Kulankhula za VoIP, yomwe ili mutu wa webusaitiyi, yakhala mpikisano wopambana kwa ogwira ntchito a PSTN kuposa teknoloji ina iliyonse polola anthu kuti azilankhulana kumalo ndi padziko lonse kwaufulu kapena wotchipa. Ganizirani za Skype, WhatsApp ndi zina zonse za VoIP ndi mapulogalamu, omwe amaletsedwera m'mayiko ena ngati njira yotetezera telcos omwe akukhalapo ndi boma.
Momwe PSTN Works
M'masiku oyambirira a telephoni, kukhazikitsa kuyankhulana kwapakati pakati pa maphwando awiri kunkafuna ma waya otambasula pakati pawo. Izi zikutanthauza mtengo wapatali kwa kutalika. PSTN inabwera kudzayesa mtengo ngakhale mtunda. Monga momwe dzina limatanthawuzira, ilo liri ndi kusintha kwa mfundo zoikidwa pamtunda. Kusintha uku kumachita ngati nthano yolumikizana pakati pa mfundo iliyonse ndi zina zilizonse pa intaneti. Mwanjira imeneyi, munthu mmodzi akhoza kulankhula ndi wina kumbali ina ya intaneti, pofika pamapeto pa dera lomwe liri ndi kusintha pakati pao.
Dera ili lapatulikira ku maphwando awiri olingana m'litali yonse ya kuyitanidwa, motero mtengo womwe mumalipira kwa mphindi iliyonse ya kuyitana. Kusintha kumeneku kumatchedwa circuit-switching. Mapulogalamu a IP monga Internet amabweretsamo packet switching, yomwe idagwiritsira ntchito makina omwewo koma osasunga gawo lililonse la mzere. Mauthenga a mawu (ndi deta) adagawidwa m'maphukusi ang'onoang'ono omwe amatchedwa mapaketi omwe anafalitsidwa kupyolera mwa kusinthasintha kwa wina ndi mzake ndipo amasonkhanitsanso pamapeto ena. Izi zinapangitsa kulankhulana kwaulere pa intaneti kudzera mu VoIP.