Zolemba za Hash Cryptographic Tanthauzo
Kachipangizo kamene kali ndi ntchito yamagetsi ndi mtundu wa algorithm womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa deta, monga fayilo kapena fungulo, kutulutsa mtengo wotchedwa checksum.
Ntchito yaikulu ya cryptographic hash ntchito ndikutsimikizira kutsimikizika kwa deta. Fayilo ziwiri zikhoza kutsimikiziridwa kuti zikhale zofanana kokha ngati checksums zimapangidwa kuchokera ku fayilo iliyonse, pogwiritsira ntchito zofanana zojambulajambula, zikufanana.
Ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito cryptographic hash ntchito monga MD5 ndi SHA-1 , ngakhale ena ambiri alipo.
Zindikirani: Ntchito za Cryptographic hash nthawi zambiri zimangotchulidwa ngati ntchito yowonongeka , koma izi sizolondola. Ntchito ya hayi ndi mawu achibadwa omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza ntchito zojambula zojambulajambula pamodzi ndi mitundu yina yazinthu monga ma checkcic redundancy.
Zolemba za Hash Zolemba: Ntchito Yogwiritsira ntchito
Tiyerekeze kuti mumatulutsanso mawonekedwe atsopano a Firefox . Pazifukwa zilizonse, mumayenera kuzilandira ku malo ena osati a Mozilla. Popanda kulandidwa pa webusaiti yomwe mwaphunzira kukhulupilira, mungafune kutsimikiza kuti fayilo yanu yomwe mwasungunula ndi yomweyo zomwe Mozilla amapereka.
Pogwiritsa ntchito checksum calculator , mumagwiritsa ntchito checksum pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha cryptographic hash function (nenani SHA-2) ndikuyerekezera izo ndi zomwe zimafalitsidwa pa tsamba la Mozilla.
Ngati iwo ali ofanana, ndiye inu mukhoza kutsimikiza kuti zojambulidwa zomwe muli nazo ndi zomwe Mozilla amafuna kuti mukhale nazo.
Onani Kodi Checksum Ndi Chiyani? kuti mudziwe zambiri paziwerengero zapaderazi, kuphatikizapo zitsanzo zogwiritsira ntchito checksums kuti muwonetsetse kuti mafayilo omwe mumasunga ndi omwe mumayang'anira.
Kodi Ntchito ya Hash ya Cryptographic Ingasinthidwe?
Ntchito zojambula zojambulajambula zimapangidwira kuti zitha kusinthira ma checksums zomwe zimabwereranso ku malemba oyambirira.
Komabe, ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kubwerera, sizikutanthauza kuti 100% ali otsimikiza kuteteza deta.
Gome la utawaleza lingathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga kukumbukira chikhomo cha checksum. Ma tebulo a utawaleza ndi ofotokozera omwe amalemba zikwi, mamiliyoni, kapena mabiliyoni a izi pambali pake.
Ngakhale kuti izi sizikuthandizani kusintha kachipangizo kameneka, zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chakuti n'zosavuta kuchita. Zoona zenizeni, popeza palibe tebulo la utawaleza lingathe kulembetsa zonse zomwe zingatheke kuti zikhalepo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala "zothandiza" m'mawu osavuta ... monga mawu achinsinsi.
Pano pali tebulo la utawaleza losavuta kusonyeza momwe wina angagwiritsire ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito SHA-1 kachipangizo kakang'ono ka ntchito:
| Chotsutsa | SHA-1 Checksum |
| 12345 | 8cb2237d0679ca88db6464eac60da96345513964 |
| password1 | e38ad214943daad1d64c102faec29de4afe9da3d |
| ilovemydog | a25fb3505406c9ac761c8428692fbf5d5ddf1316 |
| Jenny400 | 7d5eb0173008fe55275d12e9629eef8bdb408c1f |
| dallas1984 | c1ebe6d80f4c7c087ad29d2c0dc3e059fc919da2 |
Kuti zikhulupiliro izi zidziwike pogwiritsa ntchito checksum, ziyenera kuti wopsepesa amvetsetse kuti chidziwitso chotani chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chizipangitse.
Kwa chitetezo chowonjezeredwa, mawebusayiti ena omwe amasunga mapepala achinsinsi amapanga ntchito zina ku kachipangizo kakang'ono kowonjezera kachipangizo kamene mtengowo wapangidwa koma asanasungidwe.
Izi zimapanga phindu latsopano limene seva la webusaiti limamvetsetsa komanso silofanana ndi checksum yoyamba.
Mwachitsanzo, mutatsegula mawu achinsinsi ndipo checksum yowonjezera, ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo ndi kukonzedwanso isanayambe kusungidwa muzithunzithunzi za mawu achinsinsi, kapena enawo angagwirizane ndi ena. Pamene wogwiritsa ntchito amayesa kutsimikizira nthawi yotsatira imene atsegula, ntchito yowonjezerayi idzasinthidwa ndi seva la intaneti ndi checksum yoyamba yomwe imapangidwanso, kuti atsimikizire kuti mawu achinsinsi ali ovomerezeka.
Kuchita izi kumachepetsa kupindulitsa kwa phokoso pomwe ma checksums onse amabedwa.
Kachilinso, lingaliro pano ndikuchita ntchito yomwe sichidziwika kotero kuti ngati wowononga amadziwa kachipangizo kameneka koma osati mwambo umenewu, ndiye kuti kudziwa mawu achinsinsi ndi osathandiza.
Mauthenga achinsinsi ndi Ntchito za Cryptographic Hash
Mofanana ndi tebulo la utawaleza ndi momwe deta imasungira mapepala achinsinsi. Pamene mawu anu achinsinsi alowetsedwa, checksum imapangidwira ndipo ikufaniziridwa ndi yolembedwa ndi dzina lanu. Kenako mumapatsidwa mwayi ngati awiriwo ali ofanana.
Popeza kuti cryptographic hash ntchito imapanga checksum yosasinthika, kodi zikutanthawuza kuti mungathe kupanga mawu achinsinsi mophweka monga 12345 , mmalo mwa 12 @ 34 $ 5 , chifukwa chakuti checksums pawokha silingamveke? Izo ndithudi siziri , ndipo ndi chifukwa chake ...
Monga momwe mukuonera, ma passwords awiriwa sangathe kuwongolera poyang'ana pa checksum:
MD5 ya 12345: 827ccb0eea8a706c4c34a16891f84e7b
MD5 ya 12 @ 34 $ 5: a4d3cc004f487b18b2ccd4853053818b
Kotero, poyang'ana poyamba mungaganize kuti ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ena mwapasiwedi awa. Izi ndizowona ngati wovutayo ayesa kupeza mawu achinsinsi poyesa MD5 checksum (yomwe palibe wina aliyense), koma si zoona ngati zida zowonongeka (kapena njira yodziwika).
Kuukira koopsa ndi pamene zibambo zambirimbiri zowonongeka zimatengedwa poyesa mawu achinsinsi. Pankhaniyi, zikanakhala zosavuta kulingalira "12345," koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuti muzindikire zina. Kuwukira kwa dikishonale kumakhala kofanana ndi kuti wotsutsa akhoza kuyesa mawu, nambala, kapena mawu onse kuchokera pa mndandanda wa mauthenga achinsinsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito (omwe ndi ocheperapo), "12345" ndithudi omwe angayesedwe.
Kotero, ngakhale kuti cryptographic hash ntchito zimapangitsa zovuta kukhala zosatheka-kudziyesera checksums, muyenera kugwiritsabe ntchito mawonekedwe ovuta pa akaunti yanu yonse ya intaneti ndi yachinsinsi.
Langizo: Onani Zitsanzo za Mauthenga Ofooka ndi Okhazikika ngati simukudziwa ngati anu amawoneka ngati achinsinsi.
Zambiri Zowonjezera Maofesi a Hash
Zingamveke ngati cryptographic hash ntchito ikugwirizana ndi kufotokozera koma awiriwo amagwira ntchito mosiyana.
Kulemba kwachinsinsi ndi njira ziwiri zomwe zinalembedwa mwachinsinsi kuti zisaphunzire, koma kenako zimatulutsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Mungathe kufotokozera mafayela omwe mwawasungira kuti aliyense amene angawathetsere sangathe kuwagwiritsa ntchito, kapena mungagwiritse ntchito mafayilo otumizira mauthenga kuti asindikize ma fayilo omwe akusuntha pa intaneti, monga momwe mumasinthira kapena kulumikiza pa intaneti.
Monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, ntchito yamagetsi ya ntchito imakhala yosiyana mofanana ndi kuti ma checksums sichiyenera kutembenuzidwa ndi chinsinsi chapadera cha de-hashing monga momwe zilembo zafayizi zimawerengedwera ndichinsinsi chodziwika bwino. Cholinga chokhacho choyimira mauthenga a ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kulinganitsa zidutswa ziwiri za deta, monga polemba mafayilo, kusunga mapepala achinsinsi, kukokera deta kuchokera ku database, ndi zina zotero.
N'zotheka kuti pulogalamu yamagetsi ikhale yovuta kuti ikhale ndi checksum yomweyi yosiyana siyana. Izi zikachitika, zimatchedwa kugunda. Mwachiwonekere, ichi ndi vuto lalikulu kulingalira mfundo yonse ya kachipangizo kakang'ono kowonjezera kachitidwe kake ndiko kupanga ma checkcks apadera pa data iliyonse yomwe imalowetsedwa mmenemo.
Zifukwa zomwe zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndichifukwa chakuti ntchito iliyonse yamagetsi imapanga mtengo wautali wotalika mosasamala kanthu za deta yoperekedwa. Mwachitsanzo, MD5 zojambulajambula ntchito zimapanga 827ccb0eea8a706c4c34a16891f84e7b, 1f633b2909b9c1addf32302c7a497983 , ndi e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e kwa katatu zosiyana siyana za data.
Koyambamu yoyamba ikuchokera mu 12345 , yachiwiri inapangidwa kuchokera ku makalata ndi mawerengero oposa 700, ndipo lachitatu likuchokera 123456 . Zotsatira zitatu zonsezi ndi zosiyana koma zotsatira zake nthawi zonse zimangokhala 32 zokha kuchokera pamene MD5 idagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Monga mukuonera, palibenso malire ku chiwerengero cha ma checkcks omwe angapangidwe kuyambira kusintha kulikonse kochepa muzowonjezera akuyenera kutulutsa mndandanda wosiyana kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa pali malire a chiwerengero cha ma checksums imodzi yokhala ndi zolemba zina zomwe zimatha kupanga, nthawizonse mumakhala kuti mungathe kukumana ndi kugunda.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ntchito zina zojambula zojambulajambula zakhazikitsidwa. Pamene MD5 imapanga mtengo wa 32-character, SHA-1 imapanga malemba 40 ndipo SHA-2 (512) imapanga 128. Kuposa chiwerengero cha malemba omwe checksum ali nawo, mosakayikira kuti kugunda kudzachitika chifukwa kumapatsa malo ambiri miyezo yapadera.