01 ya 09
Chiyambi cha Raspberry Pi's Pins
Dzina lakuti 'GPIO' (General Purpose Input Output) silili la Raspberry Pi basi. Zipangizo zolembera ndi zowonongeka zimapezeka pazitsulo zambiri zazing'ono monga Arduino, Beaglebone ndi zina zambiri.
Tikamayankhula za GPIO ndi Raspberry Pi, tikukamba zazitali za pini pamakona a kumanzere. Zitsanzo zakale zinkakhala ndi mapepala 26, komabe ambiri a ife tidzakhala akugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chaposachedwapa ndi 40.
Mungathe kugwirizanitsa zipangizo ndi zipangizo zina zamakina ku mapepala awa, ndipo mugwiritse ntchito makalata kuti muwone zomwe akuchita. Ndi gawo lofunika la Raspberry Pi komanso njira yabwino yophunzirira zamagetsi.
Pambuyo pa mapulogalamu angapo a mapulojekiti, mwinamwake mudzayesa kuyesa ndi zikhomozi, mukufunitsitsa kusakaniza code yanu ndi hardware kuti zinthu zichitike mu 'moyo weniweni'.
Kuchita izi kungakhale koopseza ngati mwakhala watsopano, ndipo podziwa kuti kusuntha komweku kungapangitse Raspberry wanu Pi, kumveka kuti ndi malo amanjenje oyamba kumene kufufuza.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zomwe mtundu uliwonse wa pini ya GPIO imachita ndi zolephera zawo.
02 a 09
GPIO
Choyamba, tiyeni tione GPIO kwathunthu. Zikhomo zikhoza kuwoneka chimodzimodzi koma onse ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Chithunzichi pamwamba chikuwonetsa ntchitozi mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe tidzakambilongosola muzinthu zotsatirazi.
Chingwe chilichonse chiwerengeka kuyambira 1 mpaka 40 kuyambira kumanzere kumanzere. Izi ndi nambala zapini, komabe pali misonkhano yachiwerengero monga 'BCM' yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba code.
03 a 09
Mphamvu & Ground
Zolemba zofiira, ndi zikhomo zogwiritsira ntchito '3' kapena '5' za 3.3V kapena 5V.
Zipinizi zimakulolani kuti mutumize mphamvu ku chipangizo chopanda chikhomo chilichonse. Palibe njira yothetsera izi.
Pali maulendo awiri amphamvu - 3.3 volts ndi 5 volts. Malinga ndi nkhaniyi, njanji ya 3.3V imakhala yochepa chabe pa 50mA yothamanga, pamene njanji ya 5V ikhoza kupereka chilichonse chimene chilipo panopa kuchokera ku mphamvu yanu pambuyo pa Pi atatenga zomwe akufunikira.
Zowonongeka za bulauni ndizitsulo za pansi (GND). Zipini izi ndizo zomwe akunena - mapepala apansi - omwe ali mbali yofunikira ya polojekiti iliyonse.
(5V GPIO mapiritsi ndi manambala 2 ndi 4. 3.3V mapepala a GPIO ndi nambala 1 ndi 17. Ground GPIO mapiritsi ndi nambala 6, 9, 14, 20, 25, 30, 34 ndi 39)
04 a 09
Kutsatsa / Kuchokera Pakhomo
Ndizitsulo zobiriwira zomwe ndikuzitcha kuti 'generic' input / output output. Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta monga zofunikira kapena zotsatira popanda nkhawa iliyonse zotsutsana ndi ntchito zina monga I2C, SPI kapena UART.
Izi ndizikhomo zomwe zingatumize mphamvu ku LED, buzzer, kapena zigawo zina, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yowerenga masensa, kusintha kapena chipangizo china cholowera.
Mphamvu zotulutsa zikhomozi ndi 3.3V. Pini iliyonse isayambe kupitirira 16mA yamakono, mwina kumira kapena kuvomereza, ndipo seti yonse ya mapepala a GPIO sayenera kudutsa kuposa 50mA nthawi iliyonse. Izi zingakhale zolepheretsa, kotero mungafunikire kupanga zojambula muzinthu zina.
(Generic GPIO mapiritsi ndi nambala 7, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 22, 29, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38 ndi 40)
05 ya 09
Mapepala a I2C
Mu chikasu, tili ndi mapepala a I2C. I2C ndi protocol yolumikizana yomwe mwachidule imalola zipangizo kuti ziyankhule ndi Raspberry Pi. Pinizi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati 'generic' GPIO mapiritsi.
Chitsanzo chabwino chogwiritsa ntchito I2C ndi chotchuka kwambiri chotchedwa MCP23017 port expander chip, chomwe chingakupatseni zowonjezera zowonjezera / zolembera kudzera mu protocol iyi ya I2C.
(I2C GPIO mapiritsi ndi nambala ya pini 3 ndi 5)
06 ya 09
Zopangira za UART (Zida)
Mu imvi, kodi mapiritsi a UART ali. Phukusili ndi njira ina yolankhulirana yomwe imapereka maubwenzi angapo, ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga 'generic' GPIO zopereka / zotsatira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwanga kwa UART ndikothandizira kulumikiza kwapadera kuchokera ku Pi yanga kupita ku laputopu yanga pa USB. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala owonjezera kapena zingwe zophweka ndikuchotsa kufunikira kwa chinsalu kapena mawonekedwe a intaneti kuti mupeze Pi yanu.
(UART GPIO mapiritsi ndi nambala 8 ndi 10)
07 cha 09
Mitundu ya SPI
Mu pinki , tili ndi mapepala a SPI. SPI ndibasi yolumikizana yomwe imatumiza deta pakati pa Pi ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri popanga zipangizo monga maulendo a LED kapena mawonetseredwe.
Mofanana ndi ena, zikhomozi zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito monga 'generic' GPIO zopereka / zotsatira.
(SPI GPIO mapepala ndi mapepala apakati 19, 21, 23, 24 ndi 26)
08 ya 09
DNC Pins
Pamapeto pake pali mapepala awiri a buluu omwe, pakalipano, amalembedwa ngati DNC omwe amaimira 'Musagwirizane'. Izi zingasinthe mtsogolomu ngati Raspberry Pi Foundation ikasintha mapulani / mapulogalamu.
(DNC GPIO mapiritsi ndi nambala ya pini 27 ndi 28)
09 ya 09
Misonkhano Yoperekera GPIO
Mukamalemba ndi GPIO, muli ndi chisankho cholowera laibulale ya GPIO chimodzi mwa njira ziwiri - BCM kapena BOARD.
Njira yomwe ndimakonda ndi GPIO BCM. Awa ndiwo msonkhano wa ku Broadcom wowerengera ndipo ndikupeza kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuntchito ndi zina zowonjezera.
Njira yachiwiri ndi GPIO BOARD. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsira ntchito nambala zapini pamalo mwake, zomwe zimagwira ntchito powerengera mapepala, koma inu mudzazigwiritsa ntchito zochepa muzitsanzo za polojekiti.
Mchitidwe wa GPIO umayikidwa pamene akuitanitsa laibulale ya GPIO:
Kuitanitsa monga BCM:
thandizani RPi.GPIO monga GPIO GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BCM)Kuitanitsa monga BOARD:
tenga RPi.GPIO monga GPIO GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BOARD)Njira zonse ziwirizi zimagwira ntchito yomweyo, ndi nkhani yokonda.
Nthawi zambiri ndimagwiritsa ntchito mapepala olembera a GPIO omwe ali ngati RasPiO Portsplus (chithunzi) kuti ndiwone mapepala amene ndikugwiritsanso nawo. Mbali ina ikuwonetseratu msonkhano wachiwerengero wa BCM, winayo amasonyeza BOARD - kotero inu mumapangidwira ntchito iliyonse yomwe mumapeza.