Mpikisano pamasewera oyambirira a kanema nthawi zambiri amatsutsana ngati Tennis ya Willy Higinbotham kwa Two (1958), Spacewar! (1961) kapena Pong (1972), koma masewero a makompyuta otchedwa OXO (aka Noughts ndi Crosses ) amatsogolera onsewo. Nchifukwa chiyani OXO nthawi zambiri imanyalanyazidwa? Chifukwa pamene ilo linalengedwa zaka 57 zapitazo, linangowonetsedwa kwa antchito komanso ophunzira a yunivesite ya Cambridge.
Zowona:
- Chaka: 1952
- Analengedwa ndi Kukonzedwa ndi Alexander Sandy Douglas
- Sitimayi: Kusungira Kwaibulale Kwachinsinsi Kusintha Kwadongosolo ( EDSAC ).
- Zofunika Zakale: Zojambula zoyambirira zochokera ku kompyuta ndi masewera a kanema.
Mbiri:
Mu 1952, wophunzira wa yunivesite ya Cambridge Alexander Sandy Douglas anali kugwira ntchito pofuna kupeza PHD yake. Cholinga chake chinali kugwirizana ndi makompyuta a anthu ndipo anafunikira chitsanzo chotsimikizira mfundo zake. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Cambridge inali kunyumba ya makompyuta yoyamba kusungidwa, Electronic Diselay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) . Izi zinapatsa Douglas mwayi wangwiro wosonyeza zomwe adazipeza mwa kupanga pulogalamu ya masewera ophweka pamene osewera angapikisane ndi makompyuta.
Mapulogalamu enieni a masewerawa anawerengedwa kuchokera ku Punched Tape (Aka Input Tape), chidutswa cha mapepala omwe ali ndi mabowo ambiri omwe anagwedezeka. Kuyika ndi chiwerengero cha mabowo zikhoza kuwerengedwa monga code ndi EDSAC , ndipo kumasuliridwa kuwonetseredwe kachipangizo kogwiritsira ntchito mapepala a oscilloscope monga masewera othandizira.
Ntchito ya Douglas inali yopambana ndipo inakhala sewero loyambirira la vidiyo ndi masewera a pakompyuta, koma inenso ndi imodzi mwa mapulogalamu oyambirira (ngakhale apachiyambi) opanga nzeru zowonongeka. Kompyutayo ikuyenda motsatizana ndi kusinthana kwa osewera sikunali mwachisawawa kapena zisanayambe zogonjetsedwa koma zopangidwa kwathunthu pa nzeru ya kompyuta. OXO kawirikawiri imaiwalika chifukwa cha zomwe zakhala zikuchitika mu nzeru zamakono monga kuphunzira kwa AI sikunakhale sayansi yeniyeni mpaka 1958 pamene wasayansi John McCarthy adagwiritsa ntchito mawuwo.
Masewera:
OXO ndi tic-tac-toe (yotchedwa Noughts ndi Crosses ku UK). Mofanana ndi maseŵera oyambirira a pakompyuta, Dongosolo lachidwi la Cathode-Ray Tube (1947), zithunzi za OXO zinawonetsedwa pa Cathode-Ray Tube yogwirizana ndi kompyuta ya EDSAC . Zithunzizo zinali ndi madontho akuluakulu omwe amapanga masewera a masewera a masewera komanso ojambula a "O" ndi "X".
Mseŵera wothamangitsidwa ndi masewerawa pakompyuta ndi wosewera mpira monga "X" ndi EDSAC monga "O". Kusuntha kunapangidwa ndi wosewera mpira akusankha malo omwe angakhale nawo ndi "X" mwa kusindikiza nambala yake yowonjezera kupyolera pa foni ya EDSAC . Kuimbira foni kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito monga kiyibodi kuti ipeze manambala ndi malangizo mu kompyuta.
Trivia:
- Alexander Sandy Douglas 'ssis anali wopambana, kumulandira PHD wake ndi kuyamba ntchito yake mu sayansi, komabe, sakanatha kukonzanso kanema wina kapena masewera a pakompyuta.
- Ngakhale kuti OXO inali sewero loyambirira la kanema / makompyuta, linali pafupi kunyalanyaza nthawiyo. Panali kompyutala imodzi yokha ya EDSAC yomwe ilipo, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ku yunivesite ya Cambridge ndipo siidapangidwenso kwa anthu.
- Lamulo la OXO linasungidwa ngati demo yapamwamba pazochita za EDSAC .