14.1 Getty (yogwiritsidwa ntchito / etc / inittab)
Mau oyamba a Getty
Kuti polojekiti ikalowerere pamtanda wotsekemera (ndipo ogwiritsidwa ntchitoyo akugwirizanitsa ndi iyo) pamene kompyuta ikuyamba (kapena kusintha masitepe) malamulo a payty ayenera kuikidwa mu fayilo / etc / inittab. Kuthamanga kuchoka ku mzere wotsogolera kungayambitse mavuto (onetsetsani kuti ngati mwatuluka kuchokera ku mzere wa lamulo: Mapulogalamu amaimitsidwa kuti awone chifukwa chake). Getty GETs TTY (a terminal) ikupita. Aliyense ogwira ntchito amafunikira malamulo ake a getty. Palinso lamulo limodzi lokha lathandizi la console pa fayilo iliyonse / etc / inittab. Pezani izi ndi kuyika malamulo a mayiti a mapeto enieni pafupi nawo. Fayiloyi ikhoza kukhala ndi mizere yowonjezereka ya mauthenga omwe amafotokozedwa kuti zonse zomwe mukuyenera kuchita ndi kuwasokoneza (kuchotsani kutsogolera #) ndikusintha zifukwa zingapo.
Zokambirana zomwe zimaloledwa zimadalira mtundu umene mumagwiritsa ntchito:
Gettys awiri zabwino kwambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ndi awa:
- agetty (nthawi zina amatchedwa getty): N'zosavuta kukhazikitsa. Palibe ma fayilo apangidwe. Onani agetty
- getty (gawo la getty_ps)
Zowonjezera ziwiri zabwino zowonjezera ma modem (samayang'anirani kumapeto kwachindunji) ndi:
- Mgetty: yabwino kwambiri pa modem; imagwira ntchito yotsekera komanso yotsika
- uugetty: kwa modem okha; gawo la pulogalamu ya getty_ps
Zowonjezera kupezatys zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ngati simukugwiritsa ntchito malemba enieni. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri a Linux amagwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa izi pang'onopang'ono:
- mingetty
- fbgetty
- fgetty
- chiwongoladzanja
Kugawa kwanu kwa Linux kungabwere ndi ps_getty kapena agetty kwa mapepala olemba. Zigawidwe zina siziperekanso. Mwamwayi, nthawi zambiri amangozitcha "getty" kotero mungafunike kudziwa chomwe muli nacho kuyambira pamene mukutsutsa / etc / inittab amasiyana. Debian imagwiritsira ntchito agetty (mu phukusi logwiritsa ntchito-linux). RedHat ndi Fedora amagwiritsa ntchito ps_getty yomwe ili pa: ps_getty
Monga njira yomaliza kuyesa kuti mudziwe zomwe muli nazo, mungathe kufufuza chikhomo chake (nthawi zambiri mu / sbin). ps_getty ali / etc / gettydefs amalowa mu code iyi. Kuti mufufuze, pitani ku / sbin ndikuyimira:
zingwe getty | grep getty
Ngati mavitoni ali ndi agetty pamwambapa sichidzatha. Komabe ngati muli ndi zilembo zamakono:
getty -h
ayenera kusonyeza zosankha [-hiLmw].
Ngati mulibe ndalama zomwe mukufuna kuti muyang'ane magawo ena ndi pulogalamu yachilendo kuti mutembenuzire pakati pa RPM ndi Debian phukusi. Kalogalamu yachinsinsi ikhoza kutulutsidwa kuchokera ku Getty Software.
Ngati simukugwiritsa ntchito mizere ya modem (mwachitsanzo ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero chochepa cha otsogolera atatu: kutumiza, kulandira, ndi chizindikiro chofala) muyenera kulola kuti mudziwe izi pogwiritsa ntchito mbendera ya "kwanuko". Maonekedwe a izi zimadalira mtundu umene mumagwiritsa ntchito.
Getty amachoka pambuyo polowera (ndipo akhoza kubwereza)
Mukamalowa mungayang'ane (pogwiritsa ntchito "pamwamba", "ps -ax", kapena "ptree") kuti ndalama zowonjezera sizikugwiranso ntchito. Chinachitika ndi chiyani? N'chifukwa chiyani kachilombo kabwerezanso kachiwiri ngati chipolopolo chanu chikuphedwa? Ndicho chifukwa chake.
Mukatha kulemba dzina lanu, getty amatenga izo ndipo amachititsa pulogalamu yolowera kuti ikhale dzina lanu. Ndondomeko yowonjezeredwa imalowetsedwa ndi njira yolowera. Njira yolowera polojekiti imapempha mawu anu achinsinsi, imayang'anitsitsa ndikuyambitsa ndondomeko iliyonse yomwe imatchulidwa mu fayilo yanu yachinsinsi. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Ngati ndi choncho, bash amayamba ndikutsata njira yolowera. Onani kuti njira imodzi imalowetsamo china ndipo kuti chipolopolo cha bass poyamba chinayamba monga njira yopezeka. Zotsatira za izi zidzafotokozedwa m'munsimu.
Tsopano mu fayilo / etc / inittab, payty amayenera kubwereranso (kuyambiranso) ngati aphedwa. Ilo likunena chomwecho pa mzere umene umatchula getty. Koma ngati bash shell (kapena polojekiti yolowera) imaphedwa, ndalama zowonjezera (zowonjezera). Chifukwa chiyani? Chabwino, ndondomeko yonse yoloweramo ndi bash ndizobwezeretsa ndalama zambiri
zizindikiro zowonongeka zimakhazikitsidwa ndi oyambirira awo. Ndipotu ngati mutasunga tsatanetsatane mudzawona kuti njira yowonjezera idzakhala ndi ndondomeko yofanana ndiyomweyi. Kotero bash ndi mtundu wa maonekedwe omwe amawoneka ndi nambala ya chiwerengero chomwecho. Ngati mfuti imaphedwa zimangokhala ngati mphotho idafa (ngakhale kuti sikunathenso kubwerera). Izi zimabweretsa kupeza ndalama zambiri.
Pamene wina akutuluka, njira zonse za pa dokolo zazikulu zimaphedwa kuphatikizapo chipolopolo cha bash. Izi zikhoza kuchitika (ngati zikhoza) ngati chizindikiro cha mfuti chimatumizidwa ku doko lachidutswa ndi dontho la DCD voltage ndi modem. Mwina kulowa kapena kutaya mu DCD kudzachititsa kuti phindu likhale lokonzekera. Wina akhoza kukakamiza kuti awonongeke ndi kupha banthu (kapena kulowa) mwa kupha k key, ndi zina zotero "pamwamba" kapena ndi "kupha". Mudzafunika kupha ndi chizindikiro 9 (chomwe sichingazindikiridwe).
Ngati mayina akuthamanga kuchokera ku mzere wa lamulo: Mapulogalamu amasiya
Muyenera kuthamanga kuchokera mkati / etc / inittab osati kuchokera ku mzere wa malamulo kapena ngati mapulogalamu ena othamanga pa chitsimikiziro akhoza kuimitsidwa mosayembekezereka (atayima). Ndi chifukwa chake (tulukani ku gawo lotsatira ngati chomwe chilibe chofunikira kwa inu). Ngati mutayambira kuti mutchule ttyS1 kuchokera ku mzere wotsogolera wina, tty1, ndiye kuti idzakhala ndi tty1 ngati "chiwonongeko" ngakhale kuti chiwonongeko chenichenicho chikuchitika ndi ttyS1. Kotero ali ndi malire olakwika olamulira. Koma ngati wayamba mkati mwa fayilo ya inittab ndiye idzakhala ndi ttyS1 ngati malo olamulira (olondola).
Ngakhale kuti chilolezochi chili cholakwika, kulowa mu ttyS1 kumagwira ntchito bwino (kuyambira pamene munapereka ttyS1 ngati mkangano kuti mupeze). Zowonjezera zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi zotulutsidwa zimayikidwa ku ttyS1 ngakhale kuti olamulira akukhalabe t111. Mapulogalamu ena omwe amatha pa ttyS1 angalandire izi zowonjezera / zolembedwera (zomwe zakhudzana ndi ttyS1) ndipo zonse ziri bwino. Koma mapulogalamu ena angapangitse kulakwitsa kuwerengera kuchokera kumalo awo olamulira (tty1) omwe ali olakwika. Tsopano tty1 angaganize kuti mapulogalamu awa akuyendetsedwa kumbuyo ndi tty1 kotero kuyesa kuwerenga kuchokera ku tty1 (ziyenera kukhala ttyS1) zimapangitsa kuti asiye njira yomwe amayesa kuwerenga. (Ndondomeko ya msinkhu saloledwa kuti iwerenge kuchokera kumapeto ake olamulira). Mutha kuona uthenga wonga: " [1] + Anasiya " pawindo. Panthawiyi mumakhala osagwirizana ndi ndondomeko yomwe ikuyesera kuyankhulana ndi inu kudzera pa chithunzi cholakwika. Zoonadi kuti muthawe kuchoka ku izi mukhoza kupita ku chimzake ndikupha njirayo, ndi zina zotero.
agetty (angatchulidwe kuti)
Chitsanzo chikuwoneka mu / etc / inittab:
S1: 23: respawn: / sbin / getty -L 19200 ttyS1 vt102S1 ikuchokera ku ttyS1. 23 amatanthauza kuti ndalama zimathamangidwira kumalo othamanga 2 kapena 3. zizindikiro zowonjezera kuti ngati ndalama (kapena njira yomwe yalowa m'malo mwake monga bash) imaphedwa, mphotho idzayamba (respawn) kachiwiri. / sbin / getty ndi lamulo la getty. The_I ikutanthauza Kumidzi (kunyalanyaza chizindikiro cha modem control). -h (osasonyezedwa mu chitsanzo) amathandiza kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka hardware (mofanana ndi stty crtscts). 19200 ndi chiwerengero cha baud. ttyS1 amatanthawuza / dev / ttyS1 (COM2 mu MS-DOS). vt102 ndi mtundu wa chimatha ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti zamoyo zikhale zosiyana kwambiri ndi TERM. Palibe mafayilo okonza. Lembani "init q" pa mzere wotsatira pambuyo pa kusintha kokwanira ndipo muyenera kuwona mwamsanga.
Kuzindikira & # 39; s kudzidziwitsa kwa mavuto aumulungu
Pulogalamu yamakono idzayesa kudziwonetsera ubwino womwe uli mkati mwa otsiriza (kuphatikizapo chikhalidwe). Sichikugwirizana ndi ma data 8-bit komanso ma-1-bit parity. Onaninso ma data 8-bit data (kuphatikizapo kufanana). Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito stty kuti muyike pamgwirizano , agetty adzasintha chifukwa chakuti poyamba amafuna kuti pakhale chidutswa chofanana ngati chinali deta. Izi ndizo chifukwa zimayenera kupeza pang'ono pokha (mwinamwake kuwonetsera pokhapokha) pamene mukulemba dzina lanu lolowetsamo kuti lidziwitse. Choncho ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano, khalani nawo mkati mwalemba-terminal ndipo mulole kuti agetty muizindikire ndikuiyika pa kompyuta. Ngati chithandizo chako chikuthandizira kulumikizana, kulumikizidwa kolowera kudzayang'ana mpaka mutapanga chinachake kuti getty ikhoze kuizindikira
mgwirizano. Kufulumizitsa kothamanga kudzasokoneza alendo, ndi zina zotero poyesera kulowa. Izi zikhoza kukhala zomwe mukufuna.
Nthawi zina palinso vuto lozindikira galimoto. Izi zimachitika chifukwa mutangoyamba kulemba dzina lanu lolowera, pulogalamuyi imayambitsa pulogalamu yolowera kuti imalize kukulowetsani. Mwamwayi, pulogalamu yolowera imalowetsa phindu kuti pulogalamuyo isalephere kuzindikira kuti amaloweredwe ndiye kuti sangathe kudziwa mwina. Ngati kuyesa koyamba koyamba, kulumikizidwa kukulolani kuyesa kachiwiri, ndi zina (zonse zomwe zimakhala zosiyana zimakhala zolakwika). Pambuyo pake, mutayesa kulephera kulowa (kapena pambuyo pake) nthawi yayitali idzayambiranso ndikuyambanso kulowa. Pamene kachilombo kamathamanganso, amatha kuona mgwirizano pachiyeso chachiwiri kotero kuti zonse zikhonza kugwira bwino.
Ndichikhalidwe cholakwika, pulogalamu yolowera yolowera sungathe kuwerenga bwinobwino zomwe mumayimba ndipo simungalowemo. Ngati chithandizo chanu chikuthandizira kulandira, mumapitirizabe kuona chithunzi chojambulidwa. Ngati mayina sakuzindikira kuti a / etc / issue file imawoneka pawindo pasanapite nthawi, mawu ochuluka kwambiri akhoza kuwoneka pawindo.
Nchifukwa chiyani sitingathe kupenda nyenyezi polemba kalata yoyamba? Pano pali chitsanzo: Tangoganizirani kuti pali 8-bit byte ndi liwu bit 0 (mkulu-order bit) ndi nambala yosamvetseka ya 1-bits. Ndi umulungu wanji? Chabwino, nambala yosamvetseka ya ma bitsulo amodzi amasonyeza kuti ndiyodabwitsa. Koma zikhoza kungokhala khalidwe la 8-bit wopanda ubwenzi. Palibe njira yotalikirapo yoti mudziwe. Koma pakalipano ife tathetsa kuthekera kwina ngakhale kuwonetsera. Kuzindikira zaumulungu kumaphatikizapo njira yowononga.
Ngati chotsatira chotsatiracho chikuyimiridwa ndi chofanana ndi choyamba ndipo chimangowonjezeranso kuthekera kwina, ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kuzindikira ubwenzi. Mkhalidwewu ukhoza kupitirira kwamuyaya ndipo nthawi zambiri zolowera sizidzatha mpaka mutasintha dzina lanu lolowa. Ngati agetty atapeza chiwonongeko cha 1 chidzaganiza kuti izi ndizoyendera komanso sizomwe zimakhala zapakati pa 8-bit. Momwemonso amakhulupirira kuti simugwiritsa ntchito meta-tanthauzo (high bit set) mu dzina lanu (ie dzina lanu liri ASCII).
Wina akhoza kulowa "lolow loop" m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Tiyerekeze kuti mukulemba kalata imodzi kapena ziwiri pa dzina lanu lolowetsamo ndikugunda kubwerera. Ngati makalata awa sali okwanira kufanana ndi gulu, ndiye kuti lolowera imayendetsedwa pamaso paumulungu. Nthawi zina vuto ili likuchitika ngati mulibe ogwira ntchito komanso / kapena okhudzana ndi ukalamba.
Ngati mumalowetsa mu "lolow loop" iyi, njira yotuluka ndiyo kugunda foni yobwereza kangapo kufikira mutalowa mwamsanga. Njira ina ndikungodikirira kwa mphindi imodzi kapena nthawi. Kenaka pulogalamu yolowera imayikidwa pulogalamuyo ndi pulogalamu ya getty ndipo mungayesenso kuti mulowemo.
Manambala 8-bit data (kuphatikizapo mgwirizano)
Mwamwayi, kugonana sizingathe kuzindikira mgwirizano umenewu. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1999, palibe chifukwa choletsera kudzidziwitsira kwaumulungu ndipo potero adzazindikira kuti palibe cholakwika. Zotsatira zake ndizomwe polojekiti yolowera idzasinthidwa ndipo chikhalidwe chidzasokonekera. Kotero sizikuwoneka zotheka kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito ma data 8-bit data ndi mgwirizano.
getty (gawo la getty_ps)
(Zambiri mwa izi zimachokera ku Kale-Serial-HOWTO ndi Greg Hankins)
Kuti ndalama izi zikhale zofunikira zonsezi ziyenera kulemba zolembedwera mu fayilo yosintha ndi kuwonjezera kulowa mu / etc / inittab . Pano pali zolemba zina zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pafoni yanu yomwe mumayika mu fayilo yosintha / etc / gettydefs .
Onani kuti DT38400, DT19200, ndi zina ndi malemba ndipo ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito / etc / inittab .
Ngati mukufuna, mungathe kusindikiza zinthu zosangalatsa mu banner lolowera. Mu zitsanzo zanga, ine ndiri ndi dzina la mawonekedwe ndi mzere wojambulidwa wosindikizidwa. Mungathe kuwonjezera zinthu zina: [blockquote
mthunzi = inde] @B Pakali pano (kuyesedwa nthawi yomwe @B ikuwoneka) bps mlingo. @D Tsiku lomwe liripo, mu MM / DD / YY. @L Mndandanda wamtundu womwe umakhala nawo. @S Dzina la mawonekedwe. @T Nthawi yamakono, mu HH: MM: SS (maola 24). @U Chiwerengero cha omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano. Ichi ndi chiwerengero cha zolembedwera mu fayilo / etc / utmp yomwe ili ndi munda wosalankhula. @V Mtengo wa VERSION, monga waperekedwa mu fayilo zosasinthika. Kuti muwonetsere '' 'munthu mmodzi, gwiritsani ntchito' \ @ 'kapena' @@ '.Mukamaliza kukonza / etc / gettydefs , mukhoza kutsimikizira kuti mawuwo ndi olondola pakuchita:
linux # getty -c / etc / gettydefsOnetsetsani kuti palibe ma foni ena omwe amawatenga kuti awonetsedwe ngati ( /etc/default/{uu}getty.ttyS N kapena /etc/conf.{uu}getty.ttyS N ) , chifukwa izi zikhoza kusokoneza ndalama zogwira ntchito pamtunda. Chotsani mafayilo otsutsanawo atachoka.
Sinthani fayilo yanu / etc / inittab kuti muthe kuyendetsa pa doko lachidule (m'malo mwazolondola zolinga zanu - chipika, liwiro, ndi mtundu wosasintha):
S1: 23: respawn: / sbin / getty ttyS1 DT9600 vt100 init linux # init qPanthawiyi, muyenera kuwona mwamsanga kuti mutsegule pakalowa. Mwinamwake muyenera kugunda kuti mubweretse chidwi chanu.
mgetty
"M" imayimira modem. Pulojekitiyi imakhala yopangidwa ndi modem komanso ya m'ma 2000 idzafunika kubwezeretseramo kuti izigwiritse ntchito pamapeto (ngati simugwiritsa ntchito hardware flow control - ndipo kawirikawiri imafuna chingwe chopangidwa ndi manja). Kwa zolemba zokhudzana ndi maimelo ogwirizana kwambiri onani gawo la "Direct" la bukuli: mgetty.texi.
Yang'anirani mzere womaliza wa /etc/mgetty/mgetty.config kwa chitsanzo cha kuikonzekera kwa odwala. Pokhapokha mutati "toggle-dtr no" zingaganize kuti muli ndi modem ndi dontho (osasamala) pepala la DTR pa PC pokhapokha ngati mukuyesera kubwezeretsa modem yosakhalako. Mosiyana ndi zina zotsala, mgetty silingadzipangitse yokha mpaka munthu wina akugunda fungulo lililonse la otsiriza kotero kuti muwone? kwa otsiriza pamwamba kapena ps mpaka izi zichitike. Zikwangwani mu / var / log / mgetty / zingasonyeze mauthenga ochenjeza angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa modem zomwe mungasamalidwe.
Pano pali chitsanzo cha mzere wosavuta womwe mumaika mu / etc / inittab:
s1: 23: respawn: / sbin / mgetty-t tSS1