01 ya 05
Zifukwa za Sayansi Chifukwa Anthu Ambiri Amatsutsana Ponena za Kumvetsera kwa Mafilimu
Pa mitundu yonse ya zinthu zamagetsi zomwe ndayesedwa, palibe chomwe chimakhala chododometsa ngati makutu. M'mayesero ambirimbiri omwe ndinapanga kuti awonetseredwe, ndi omwe ndimagwira nawo tsopano pa The Wirecutter, nthawi zambiri zimasiyana kwambiri ndi momwe omvera amadziwira ndikufotokozera phokoso lamakutu. Timawona kusiyana kwakukulu tikamawerenga ndemanga za owerenga. Ngakhale titatha kulira, timakhala tikudziwonekeratu kuti anthu ena akumva zinthu mosiyana.
02 ya 05
Palibe Zoona Zili Zofanana
Chifukwa # 1: Zing'oma za M'makutu Zimangoyamba Kwambiri.
Jacob Soendergaard, katswiri wa malonda a GRAS Sound ndi Vibration (kampani yomwe imapanga matepi anga) inandiuza za chodabwitsa ichi, ndipo anali wokoma mtima kuti anditsogolere ku PDF yosangalatsa yomwe imalongosola chitukuko cha khutu / masaya masimulator ndi mutu ndi ndondomeko zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito lero.
Monga SC Dalsgaard wa yunivesite ya Odense, mmodzi wa asayansi omwe ali nawo pulogalamuyi yapamwambayi, kotero mwanzeru ndi mwanzeru amati, "Munthu amapangidwa mwachisawawa kwambiri."
Soendergaard inalongosola kuti: "Kusiyana kwa mphindi iliyonse m'miyendo (makutu a makutu, mapepala ndi zowonongeka mu ngalande, chiŵerengero cha ngalande, malo a ziboda ziwiri, kukula kwa tympanic membrane [eardrum], ndi zina zotero) - makamaka maulendo apamwamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepa kwambiri. "
Mutha kuwona izi mu ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambapa, yomwe ndi ndondomeko ya tchati yomwe imapezeka mu PDF yomwe ndayanjanitsidwa nayo. Tchatichi chikufanizira miyeso yomwe imatengedwa mkati mwazitsulo zamakutu pa maphunziro 11 oyesedwa ndi yankho la kopuntha lomwe lakonzedwa kuti liwone zothandizira kumva. Pafupipafupi, mukhoza kuona coupler (mzere wolimba), kuyankha moyenerera pa nkhani 11 zozungulira (bwalo) ndi mayankho osiyanasiyana (chinthu chomwe chikuwoneka ngati mafuta, mbali H).
Monga momwe mukuonera, mayendedwe a khutu samasiyana kwambiri ndi 1 kHz, koma pamwamba pa 2 kHz kusiyana kwakukulu kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo ndi 10 kHz kwambiri, pafupi +/- 4 dB. Poyikira izi mosiyana, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa +/- 2 dB - kunena, kuchepetsa mabasi ndi -2 dB ndikuwonjezereka kwambiri ndi +2 dB - kokwanira kusintha kusintha kwa tonalphone.
Ine ndi Soendergaard tinkakambirana zayeso pa nkhani iyi, koma kukambirana kwathu kumakhudzanso kumvera komvera, chifukwa chakuti eardrum yanu ilidi chipangizo chanu choyesa, kugwiritsira ntchito ndege yoyenera mofanana ndi maikolofoni mkati mwa khutu lakumvetsera. Monga Soendergaard adanena, ponena za mafupipafupi pakati pa 10 ndi 20 kHz (pamwamba pakumvetsera kwa anthu), "Ngati chipangizo chanu choyesa chikugwedezeka ndi millimeter pakati pa yoyenera, mudzawona zotsatira zosiyana pa munthu yemweyo."
Choncho, kusiyana kwa makutu a makutu kumapangidwe - ndi kusiyana kosalephereka pamtundu umene matelofoni, makamaka m'makutu a makutu, mawonekedwe osiyana ndi makutu ndi makutu a khutu - amachititsa kuti matelofoni amve mosiyana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana maulendo apamwamba. Kusiyana kwa 1mm yokha mu zoyenera kungapangitse kampeni yamakono ndi phokoso lakuda lakumvetsera kwambiri kapena losalala.
Ndinawona mfundoyi ndikugwira ntchito zaka zingapo zapitazo, pamene wolemba wina (yemwe angakhale wosadziwika) anandiuza kuti ankakonda kwambiri khutu lakumutu. Ichi chinali chijambuliro chomwe ovomerezeka ambiri omwe adagwirizana anawoneka ngati chodetsa kwambiri, ndipo kuti miyeso yanga inkawonetsa inali yaikulu yaikulu pamwamba pa 3 kHz. Ndagwirizana ndi wolemba wakale, ndipo pamene iye ndi ine timavomereza kuvomereza kwa oyankhula komanso ngakhale kumvetsera-khutu kumutu, makutu ake omwe amamvetsera makutu amasiyana kwambiri ndi anga. (Pambuyo pake, katswiri wa zamagetsi anamuuza kuti makutu ake amamveka bwino kwambiri.)
03 a 05
Aliyense Ali ndi Maonekedwe Osiyanasiyana - Ndi Mafilimu, Osavuta
Chifukwa # 2: HRTF Zimasintha Kwambiri.
Ntchito Yokambitsirana Kumutu (HRTF) ndi zomwe ubongo wanu umagwiritsa ntchito kuti mupeze mkokomo mu miyeso itatu. Zimaphatikizapo kusiyana kwa nthawi yomwe phokoso lifika pa makutu anu onse; Kusiyanasiyana pamagulu amvekedwe pamutu uliwonse; komanso kusiyana kwa kawirikawiri kuyankhidwa kumene kumachitika chifukwa cha zovuta za mutu, mapewa, ndi pinnae pamene phokoso likufika kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana. Ubongo wanu umatanthauzira ndikuwamasulira zonsezi kuti ndikuuzeni kumene kuli phokoso.
Mafoni a m'manja amawonjezera zotsatira za thupi lanu, ndikusintha nthawi ndi ndondomeko zomwe mumakhala nazo mukamamvetsera zomwe zikuchitika kapena oyankhula. Tsoka ilo, ubongo wanu ulibe batani "HRTF Bypass". Pamene muvala zovala zam'manja, ubongo wanu umamvetsera mwachidwi nkhani za HRTF, sizikumva zambiri ndipo zimakupatsani kumva kuti mawu ambiri amachokera mkati mwa mutu wanu.
Monga ndinaphunzira pamene ndinapita ku kampani yotchedwa Virtual Listening Systems kumayambiriro kwa 1997, aliyense ali ndi HRTF yosiyana. Kuti adziwe zomwe zinakhala Sennheiser Lucas pamutu pulosesa, VLS inayesa HRTF ya maphunziro ambirimbiri. Iwo anachita izi pogwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni ang'onoting'ono omwe anaika mkati mwa makutu omvera. Mayeso aliwonse amakhala pansi m'chipinda chaching'ono cha anechoic. Wokamba zazing'ono pa dzanja la robotiki anatulutsa mLS phokoso lophulika. Dzanja la roboti linapangitsa wokamba nkhaniyo kupitilira malo oposa 100, pamapiko osiyanasiyana osakanikirana ndi ozungulira, nthawi iliyonse atasiya mayesero kuti ma microphone amve m'makutu awo "amve" zotsatira za matupi awo ndi makutu awo.
(Othandizira pamutu amatha kuona izi ndi zofanana ndi njira zowonetsera Smyth Research imagwiritsira ntchito pulojekiti yake ya A8.)
Ine ndiyenera kuti ndidutse mu mayeso a VLS ndekha. Akatswiri a kampaniyo ndiye anatenga zotsatira zanga ndikuwathamangitsa kupyolera pulosesa yomwe ingasinthe chizindikiro cha audio kuti imatsanzira ndondomeko yanga ya HRTF. Chotsatiracho chinali chodabwitsa, monga palibe chimene ndachimva kuchokera ku purosesa ina iliyonse. Ndinamva chithunzi chodziwika bwino, chokhala ndi chithunzi chabwino kwambiri cha munthu wolemba mawu patsogolo panga - chinachake chomwe matekinoloje monga Dolly Headphone sangathe kundipeza.
VLS inatenga zotsatira kuchokera ku mafunso ochuluka a mayesero kuti apange zisudzo zosiyana siyana za Lucas 16, aliyense amayesera kuti ayese HRTF yosiyana. Kulimbana ndi zonse zomwe zakonzedweratu, zakhala zovuta kuthetsa pa imodzi. Ndimakumbukira kuti ena anali abwino kuposa ena kwa ine, koma ndinali ndi zovuta kusankha pakati pa zinthu zinayi zabwino kapena zisanu zokha. Palibe ogwira ntchito paliponse pafupi komanso ndondomeko-yokha-ine-processing yomwe ndinamva mu labu la VLS.
Ndicho chifukwa chake ambiri opangira mafilimu ali ndi zosankha zochepa. Komabe, amafunika kuwombera mtundu wina wa HRTF. Mwinamwake inu mudzakhala ndi mwayi ndipo mumayandikira pafupi. Mwinamwake zotsatirazo zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa inu. Kapena mwinamwake izo zidzakhala zabodza kwambiri.
Chifukwa aliyense wa HRTF ndi wosiyana, ubongo wathu uliwonse uli ndi mphotho yosiyana-siyana monga mtundu wa EQ - womwe umagwira ntchito kumveka komweko. Pamene mpikisano wa mapiritsiwo ukuphatikizidwa ndi zizindikiro za thupi lanu, zotsatira zake ndikumveka komwe mumamva tsiku ndi tsiku. Pamene maonekedwe a thupi lanu amachotsedwa kudzera pogwiritsa ntchito makutu, ubongo wanu umagwiranso ntchito mofanana. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti malipiro athu aliwonse ndi osiyana, mayankho athu pamutu umodzi akhoza kukhala osiyana.
04 ya 05
Palibe Chisindikizo, Palibe Bass
Chifukwa # 3: Zosintha Zosintha.
Kuchita bwino kuchokera ku headphones kumadalira kukula kwakukulu. Mwapadera, izi zimatanthawuza zoyenera za makutu a khutu lapamutu pamutu mwanu, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi makutu a khutu la khutu pamutu wanu, kapena silicone yomwe ili yoyenera kapena khutu la khutu la khutu kumutu mkati mwa khutu lanu la khutu. Ngati muli ndi chisindikizo chabwino, mutenga makutu onse kuti apange. Ngati pali phokoso paliponse, mudzapeza zochepa zochepa - ndipo mudzawona kulemera kwa tonphone ya tonal kwambiri.
Mbali ina, thupi lanu limakhala ndi maonekedwe oyenera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati palibe nsonga zomwe zimabwera ndi khutu la khutu lakumutu zimakugwirizanitsani bwino, seweroli silidzakumveka bwino. Izi zikhoza kukhala zovuta kwa ine chifukwa ndili ndi ngalande zazikulu zankhutu, komanso kwa wothandizira wanga Geoff Morrison chifukwa ali ndi zingwe zazing'ono zodabwitsa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake ndimayamika opanga opanga maulendo asanu kapena kuposerapo makutu a makutu ndi makutu awo. Ndi chifukwa chake kumvetsetsa zothandizira zowononga ndikofunika kudziwa ngati simukukhutira ndi mau a makutu a makutu.
Zovuta zosavomerezeka zimakhalanso zofala ndi makutu a makutu. Ndikhoza kunena kuti ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri, chifukwa pali zambiri zomwe zingalepheretse kusindikizidwa bwino. Izi zimaphatikizapo tsitsi lalitali ndi / kapena lakuda, magalasi a maso, komanso kupukuta khutu. Gwiritsani ntchito makutu a khutu kuchokera pa tad, ngakhale theka la millimita, ndipo mwinamwake mungataya mabasi okwanira kuti mumve phokoso lamakutu.
Mafoni apamutu pa-ndi-khutu amatha kugwirizanitsa anthu ena kuposa ena. Mafoni ena otchuka omwe amawoneka ngati Audeze LCD-XC ali ndi makutu ambirimbiri omwe sangathe kusindikiza pamakutu ndi masaya a anthu ang'onoang'ono makamaka amayi. Momwemonso, mamembala ena omwe amaganiza kuti ali pamwamba pa makutu sangakhale ndi malo okwanira kuti azikhala ndi makutu akuluakulu ngati anga.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti chisindikizo choipa chingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta akuluakulu, zochepa zowonjezera zingathandize kuti mayankho awo amveke bwino - chinachake chomwe tinachipeza pochita Best Dollar 100-In Ear Ear shootout kwa The Wirecutter. Foni yamakono yanga ya gulu ili inali IEHP Audio, yomwe inandichititsa chidwi kwambiri komanso mwachilengedwe. IEHP inamveka bwino kwambiri moti ndinkaganiza kuti nsonga zazikulu kwambiri zothandizidwa ndi silicone zinkandipatsa chisindikizo chabwino. Kwa wina aliyense, komabe, mabungwe a IEHP anali opitirira kwambiri. Zikuwoneka kuti sindinali ndi chisindikizo cholimba, koma ena onse anali_ndipo zinasintha ndondomeko yanga yamakutu kuti ndikhale bwino.
05 ya 05
Zifukwa Zomwe Sizimangokhala Mafoni Akumutu
Chifukwa # 4: Zosangalatsa za Munthu Payekha.
Inde, palinso zifukwa zomwe anthu amafotokozera malingaliro osiyana omwe amamva phokoso lamakutu omwe ali ogwiritsidwa ntchito kuzinthu zina.
Choyamba ndi chowoneka bwino: Anthu osiyana ali ndi mawu osiyana. Ena angangowakonda basi pang'ono kuposa inu, kapena pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Mwachiwonekere, iwo angasankhe mafoni apadera kusiyana ndi inu.
Ndizovomerezeka ku mfundo. Pamwamba komanso mosiyanasiyana kusiyana ndi kulawa, anthu ena asocheretsa - kapena kuika molakwika, maganizo - ponena za phokoso. Tonse takumana ndi anthu omwe maganizo awo amamveka bwino kwambiri kuposa bass. Okonda ena amamvetsera amakonda kuthamanga kwambiri, omwe amalakwitsa chifukwa cha tsatanetsatane ndi kulondola. Ndinapyola gawoli ndekha, koma zolemba zamtengo wapatali za J. Gordon Holt anandilondolera.
Chomwe chimapangitsa omverawo kukhala osangalala ndibwino, koma sichikuwongolera ku ziganizo zothandiza pamutu wamakutu pokhapokha kwa ena omwe amagawana nawo zokonda zawo, ndipo osayesedwa bwino, kufufuza mosasamala ndizowonjezera kuyesa kwawo.
Chifukwa # 5: Kumva Kumva Kusiyanasiyana Ndi Zaka, Kugonana ndi Moyo
Ngakhale ambirife timayambitsa moyo ndikumvetsetsa bwino, kumva kwathu kumasintha pa moyo wathu.
Pamene mumakhala ndi phokoso lofuula kwambiri, mwinamwake mwataya makutu anu pafupipafupi. Izi ndizovuta makamaka kwa anthu omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi (kuyendetsa masewera akuluakulu, kuyendetsa magalimoto oyendetsa masewera, kusaka, etc.) ndi / kapena ntchito (zomangamanga, asilikali, kupanga, etc.) amawawuza mokweza.
Ndiwe wamkulu, mwinamwake kuti mwakhala mukukumva kutayika kwamvekedwe kambiri. Izi ndizovuta makamaka kwa amuna. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala yakuti "Kusiyana kwa kusiyana pakati pa kugonana kwa zaka zambiri zapakati zakale zokhudzana ndi kumva," kuchokera ku Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , "... kutengeka maganizo kumachepera kawiri mofulumira kwa amuna monga amai pazaka zambiri maulendo ... "Izi ndizochepa chifukwa chakuti amuna amakhala ndi zochitika zambiri kuposa momwe akazi aliri pazinthu zomwe amamva phokoso lalikulu, monga zonse zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti maphunziro amasonyeza amuna amakhala omasuka kumvetsera phokoso lofuula, ndi chinthu cha +6 mpaka +10 dB pazomwe amai akumvetsera mosamala.
Mwachiwonekere, zidziwitso za mtundu wa audio zidzasintha ngati kumva kwa omvetsera kumasintha. Mwachitsanzo, ma harmoniki opotoka kwambiri, omwe amawonekera pafupipafupi kawiri kapena kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri, amakhala ovuta kwambiri kwa mayi wamwamuna wazaka 25 kuposa momwe aliri ndi mwamuna wazaka 60. Mofananamo, chiwerengero cha 12 kHz chakumvetsera chingakhale chosamveka kwa mwamuna wazaka 60, komabe chosakhululukidwa kwa mayi wazaka 25.
Kodi Tingachite Chiyani?
Funso lodziwika ndilo, kodi tingayesetse bwanji ma volefoni m'njira yothandiza komanso yomuthandiza kwa omvera aliyense? Ndipo kwa matelofoni onse?
Tsoka ilo, mwina sitingathe. Koma ife tikhoza kubwera pafupi.
Malingaliro anga, yankho liri kugwiritsa ntchito omvera ambiri omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a mutu wosiyanasiyana, amuna omwe amasiyana nawo ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana a makoswe. Izi ndizo zomwe Lauren Dragan amachita muzokambirana zojambula pamutu zomwe akukonzekera The Wirecutter, ndipo ndi zomwe tinachita pa Sound & Vision pamene ndinali kumeneko.
Ndimagwirizana ndi zolemba zina zomwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito ngati ndikutheka. Ndimaphatikizapo zoyeza zabu - apa ndi ndemanga zanga za SoundStage! Xperience - kupereka ndondomeko yolingalira ya momwe yankho la headphone lirili.
"Miyezo ya golidi" ingakhale kuphatikiza omvera ambiri kuphatikiza mayezo a labu. Ndinachita zimenezi m'mawu anga ndi Mawonedwe , koma sindikudziŵa zofalitsa zilizonse zomwe zikuchitika pakalipano.
Pali lamulo limodzi losavuta lomwe tonsefe tingatenge kuchokera pa izi: Samalani musananyoze maganizo a anthu ena a matelofoni.
Kuyamikira kwakukulu kwa Jacob Soendergaard wa GRAS Sound ndi Vibration ndi Dennis Burger chifukwa cha thandizo lawo ndi ndemanga pa nkhaniyi. Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena ndemanga, chonde nditumizireni imelo ku adiresi yomwe ili pa tsamba langa.