Cholowa cha Innovation: Co-Founder wa Apple, Founder wa NeXT, CEO wa Pixar
Jobs Steven Paul anamwalira pa Oktoba 5, 2011, pambuyo pa nkhondo ndi khansa ya pancreatic. Iye anali 56. Iye anali co-founder, CEO wa nthawi ziwiri, ndipo wapampando wa Apple Inc. Iye akupulumuka ndi mkazi wake, Laurene Powell Jobs, ndi ana anayi.
Zomwe zinachitikira ntchito ya Jobs zinali zambiri komanso zofunika. Anathandiza kufalitsa makompyuta, ndikuwongolera zopangira zinthu monga Macintosh, iPod, ndi iPhone, ndi kutsogolera zochitika za Pixar Animation Studios. Ntchito 'charisma, kuyendetsa galimoto kuti ipambane ndi kuyendetsa bwino, ndipo masomphenyawo apangitsa kusintha kwa kusintha kwa ntchito ndi mphamvu ya teknoloji m'miyoyo ya anthu ambiri padziko lapansi.
Steve Jobs & # 39; Moyo wakuubwana
Atabadwira ku San Francisco mu 1955 kwa bambo wina wochokera ku Suriya komanso mayi wina yemwe anabadwira ku Wisconsin, Jobs anavomerezedwa ndi ntchito za Paul ndi Clara Jobs ku Santa Clara, Calif. Ntchito ya kusukulu ku Cupertino, Calif. Mu 1972, adapita kanthawi kochepa ku Reed College ku Portland, Ore, koma adatuluka pambuyo pa semester. Ntchito anabwerera ku California mu 1974, kumene ankagwira ntchito ku Atari. Mnzanga wa ntchito ndi womaliza bizinesi Steve Wozniak nayenso ankagwira ntchito ku Atari panthawiyo.
Apple: Kutuluka ndi Kupititsa patsogolo
Mapulogalamu ogwirizanitsa ntchito a Apple Inc., omwe amadziwika kuti Apple Computer, ndi Wozniak. Boma lawo loyambirira linapanga gulu la dera la anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti amange makompyuta awoawo. Ngakhale kuti kumayambiriro kwa nyumbayi kumayambira, Apple inathandiza panthawi ya makompyuta payekha ndi kukhazikitsa Apple II mu 1976.
Makina amenewo posakhalitsa anasintha kusintha kwadongosolo lapakompyuta-Macintosh. Mac OS ndiyo njira yoyamba yogulitsira malonda komanso yovomerezeka kwambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano. Iyenso inali yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mbewa kuti iyankhulane ndi zithunzi pazenera. The Mac inali yopambana kwambiri ndi rocketed Jobs ndi Apple kukhala udindo monga amodzi makampani apadziko lapansi makampani.
Kampaniyo inakwera kwambiri ndi malonda ake a 1984 Super Bowl omwe ankanena kuti Macintosh. Chionetserocho chinasewera buku la George Orwell mu 1984 ndipo anaika IBM monga Big Brother, pomwe Apple adaimira opanduka omwe akulimbana ndi ufulu.
Panthawiyo, Jobs adakopa mkulu wa anthu odziwa ntchito John Sculley kuchoka ku PepsiCo kuti akhale CEO wa Apple. Koma, pofika mu 1985 malonda akugulitsa, Ntchito inasowa mphamvu yogwirizana ndi Sculley ndi bungwe la aphungu. Anasiya Apple.
ZOTSATIRA: Vuto Latsopano
Ntchito ndiye inakhazikitsa NeXT Computer, kampani yomwe idatenga maphunziro ophunzitsidwa bwino kuchokera ku Mac ndipo inakwatirana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya mawonekedwe a Unix. Makompyuta ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri, koma makompyuta amtengo wapatali a NeXT sanagwirepo momwe njira za Apple kapena Mac zinachitira. NeXT anatha kukhala ndi bizinesi yowonjezereka kuyambira 1985 mpaka 1997. Mu 1997, NeXT anatenga ntchito yatsopano, komanso yofunika kwambiri pa Apple.
Pixar: Hobby Yakhala Powerhouse
Ali pa NeXT, Ntchito inagula makina opanga mafilimu a Lucasfilm Ltd. mu 1986 kwa $ 10 miliyoni. Gawoli linakhala Pixar Animation Studios. Ntchito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito monga CEO ndi anthu ambiri.
Ntchito poyamba inkaganiza kuti Pixar ndi kampani yamakina a kompyuta omwe angagulitse makina otsiriza ku Hollywood. Pamene bizinesiyo inalephera kuthetsa, kampaniyo inasintha n'kupanga makanema owonetsera ndi mgwirizano ndi Disney.
Pansi pa utsogoleri wa Jobs, Pixar adasanduka mafilimu opanga mafilimu ku Hollywood, akuwombera fodya, kuphatikizapo Toy Story , Life Bug , Monsters Inc. , Finding Nemo , The Incredibles , ndi Wall-E , pakati pa ena.
Mu 2006, Jobs anagulitsa Pixar kwa Walt Disney Co. Chigamulocho chinamufikitsa malo pa bolodi la Disney ndipo chinamupangitsa kukhala wothandizira wamkulu pa kampani. Pambuyo pachithunzichi, Magazine ya Fortune inatchedwa Jobs Mkazi Wake Wopambana Kwambiri Wopambana wa 2007.
Kubwerera ku Apple: Kupambana
Ntchito inapeza udindo umenewu osati chifukwa cha udindo wake ku Disney komanso chifukwa chakuti adabwerera ku Apple monga Wachiwiri ndi Wotsogolera Wamkulu.
Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1996, Jobs anali kuyang'anira kugulitsa kwa NeXT kwa Apple ndipo adabwerera ku utsogoleri ku kampani yomwe adayambitsa. Kachipangizo kogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono ndi mapulogalamu a NEXT chinapezedwa pa $ 429 miliyoni. Icho chinakhala maziko a chipangizo cha Apple chotsatira Mac OS X.
Pulezidenti wa apulogalamu ya Apple, Gil Amelio, atathamangitsidwa ndi bungwe la apolisi m'chaka cha 1997, Jobs adabwerera ku kampaniyo monga CEO wamba.
Panthawiyo, Apple inali maziko oyendetsa msika wochepa, njira yosokonezeka ya OS-licensing, ndi mzere wosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zonsezi zinapangitsa kuti anthu aziganiza zambiri pazofalitsa komanso pa intaneti kuti kampaniyo iyanjana ndi fakitale kapena kuchoka ku bizinesi. Pofuna kuti kampaniyo ipitirire, Ntchito yomweyo inayamba mndandanda wa zinthu zina zomwe sizinali zosangalatsa. Izi zinaphatikizapo kuthetsa kupambana kwabwino koma zotsatira zolimbikitsidwa monga Newton PDA.
Ntchito yoyamba yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Jobs 'yachiwiri yokhazikika ku Apple inali iMac, makompyuta onse omwe anakhazikitsidwa mu 1998. Icho chikupangabe lero. Ma iMac anatsatiridwa ndi makompyuta otchuka a laputopu ndi a kompyuta, ngakhale kuti zolephera zina-monga Power Mac G4 cube- zimasakanizidwa.
Pansi pa utsogoleri wa Jobs, Apple anabwerera kuchokera kumphepete mwa bankruptcy kuti akhalenso kampani yodalirika, yopambana. Koma, chifukwa cha kuyambika kwa chidutswa chaching'ono, kampaniyo idzafulumira kukwera.
The iPod
Mu October 2001, Apple inavumbulutsa iPod yoyamba . Wogwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulidwa ndi ndudu ya digitala anapatsa 5 GB yosungirako (zokwanira nyimbo pafupifupi 1,000) ndi mawonekedwe ophweka. Iko kunali kugunda kwanthawi yomweyo.
Kukula kwa iPod kunali kolamulidwa ndi Jobs-omwe sankafuna ojambula ojambula adijito ndi zovuta zawo-ndipo ankayang'aniridwa ndi Jon Hubinstein yemwe anali katswiri wa zamisiri ndi Jonathan Ive.
The iPod inagwira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu a maofesi a apulogalamu a Apple, iTunes, omwe adayambitsidwa mu Januwale 2001. Kuphatikizika kwa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi mphamvu zomwe amapatsidwa ndi awiriwa zinapangitsa iPod kuswa. Apple inayamba kuwonjezereka mwamsanga kwa mzere wa mankhwala a iPod kuti ukhale ndi Mini , nano , Shuffle , ndipo kenako kugwira . Linayambitsa iPods zatsopano pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
ITunes inasinthidwanso ndipo inayika Masitolo a iTunes kuti agulitse nyimbo zowonongeka mu 2003 ndi mafilimu mu 2005. Ndicho, Apple adakhazikitsa malo ake mu makina a nyimbo ndipo anapanga iPod / iTunes kuphatikizapo nyimbo za digito. Pofika chaka cha 2008, apulogalamu ya Apple inakhala yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi , ndipo makampani olemba mbiri anayamba kudandaula za ulamuliro wa Apple mu bizinesi yawo. Mu 2009, malo osungira iTunes anagulitsa nyimbo yake ya biliyoni 6.
IPhone
Mu Januwale 2007, Apple inakula pa chipambano cha iPod, ndipo idakhazikitsidwa yokonzanso msika wina, pamene idalengeza iPhone . Chipangizo chimenecho chinapangidwa ndi ntchito ya Ma polojekiti ndikugwira nawo ntchito ndipo inali yothamanga nthawi yomweyo. IPhone yoyamba idagulitsa mayunitsi 270,000 mu maola 30 oyambirira a kupezeka. Wotsatira wake, iPhone 3G , anagulitsa unit 1 miliyoni mu masiku ake oyambirira atatu chaka chimodzi kenako.
Pofika mwezi wa March 2009, Apple idagulitsa iPhones zoposa 17 miliyoni, ndipo idapititsa patsogolo malonda a pamtunda wa smartphone, Blackberry .
Pambuyo pa kupambana kwa Masitolo a iTunes, iPhone inakhala ndi App Store, yopereka mapulogalamu a chipani chachitatu, mu Julayi 2008. Pofika mu Januwale 2009, idasindikiza maola 500 miliyoni . Idawatenga iTunes Kusunga zaka ziwiri kuti mufike pamodzi. Apple inagonjetsedwa ndi ena.
Kusuta kwaumoyo
Panthawi imeneyi, Ntchito inagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi thanzi lake, makamaka pambuyo pa msonkhano wa Worldwide Developers mu 2006 pamene adawoneka wochepetsetsa kuposa kale.
Mu January 2009, Jobs anafotokoza kuti maonekedwe ake anali okhudzana ndi kusamvana kwa mahomoni komwe kunayambitsa mapuloteni ake oyenera. Mawuwa adanenanso kuti madokotala ake adaganiza kuti apeza chifukwa, kuti afune chithandizo, komanso kuti sangalankhule zambiri pa mutuwo, monga momwe adamvera kuti ndi nkhani yaumwini.
Komabe, pasanathe masiku 10 adalengezedwa kuti ntchito za "Health" zinali zovuta kuposa poyamba. Adzakhala akutenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yochoka pa kampaniyo. Gulu la kampaniyo poyamba linamenyedwa, koma linapezanso pamlingo wochepa chabe pamsonkhanowu mkati mwa sabata. Tim Cook, mkulu wa kampaniyo, wogwira ntchito monga CEO ku Jobs m'malo mwake.
Ntchito zinabwerera kuntchito ku Apple kumapeto kwa June 2009, monga momwe zakhalira. Ananenedwa kuti amagwirizana kwambiri ndi Apple atabwerera.
IPad
Pansi pa utsogoleri wa Jobs, Apple anapanga ndi kumasula mibadwo iwiri ya iPad. IPad inasintha msika wamakono owonetsera pakompyuta wamagetsi kukhala mphamvu zomwe ochita mpikisano sangathe kuzilingana nazo zomwe zingawopsyeze msika wamakono wa makompyuta. Ndi malonda a iPads oposa 25 million osapitirira chaka, iPad inathandiza pulogalamu ya "post-PC" ndipo inasintha kwambiri ubale wathu ndi matekinoloje.
Kusuntha ndi Imfa
Pa Aug. 23, 2011-pakati pa chipatala china chochokera kwa kampaniyo-Jobs adasiya udindo wa apolisi wa Apple, akuti "sangathe kukwaniritsa ntchito zanga." Chief Operating Officer Tim Cook adagwira ntchito monga Apple CEO. Ntchito yake idakalipo monga mkulu wa bungwe la apuleti, udindo wake wotsogolera, ndipo anapitirizabe kugwira ntchito ya Apple.
Ntchito inamwalira pafupifupi masabata asanu ndi limodzi atasiya ntchito.
Steve Jobs 'Legacy
Mwina palibe woyang'anira wina wamakono omwe amakumbukira, ndipo mwina ndi Bill Gates, wakhala akugwirizana kwambiri ndi gulu lake, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi zomwe anthu amakhulupirira kuti ndizogwira ntchito.
Ena amawayerekezera Ntchito ndi cholowa chawo kwa anthu ochita malonda monga Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, ndi Walt Disney. Ena, komatu akhala akuchepetsako pang'ono, akumuika pa chigawo chachiwiri cha anthu ochita malonda a mbiriyakale chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake kwa chuma ndi zopereka zothandizira.
Ngakhale kusanthula kulikonse komwe kumapangitsa ntchito mu kafukufuku wamba wa mbiri yakale, kasamalidwe ake ndi miyambo yaumwini nawonso akhala ngati nthano ndi nkhawa. Ntchito idanenedwa kuti idakhala ndi "malo osokoneza bongo," omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ambiri kufotokozera mphamvu ya umunthu wake ndi kukhalapo kwake, ndi kuthekera kwake kokweza anthu pa malo ake.
Makhalidwe ake adachititsanso kutsutsa ndondomeko ya kayendetsedwe ka ntchito yomwe idaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mantha ndi chinsinsi. Pansi pa Ntchito, Apple inali yotchuka chifukwa choteteza mwatsatanetsatane zamatsenga atsopano, mpaka kufika pozembera mauthenga a zabodza ndikusunga machitidwe ndi abwenzi omwe adayambitsa chidziwitso. Mu Zakachikwi zatsopano, Apulo adziwika chifukwa cha chilakolako chake-komanso kupambana kwachidziwitso pakuchita-kuteteza zofalitsa zokhudzana nazo.
Ngakhale zifukwa izi, Apple Jobs yakhazikika, yokhala ndi ndalama zoposa $ 285 biliyoni pamanja, kukula msika wamsika, ndi makampani odzipereka kwambiri. Mu Sept. 2011, idakhala kampani yamtengo wapatali kwambiri padziko lapansi . Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, zakhala zikusinthasintha pakati pa malo apamwamba ndi pafupi.
Chotsutsa, Steve Jobs anali woona zamakono omwe anasintha malonda atatu-makompyuta, nyimbo zamagetsi, ndi mafoni-ndipo anasintha momwe timagwirira ntchito ndi kulankhulana. Cholowa chake sichinafanane ndi mbiri yamakono ya zamalonda ku America. Ntchito ya moyo wake inayika maziko a anthu amtsogolo.