Zimamveka kuti pali zoletsedwa zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito mafayilo osiyanasiyana a digito. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri sakuyembekezera kuti athe kukopera kanema kuchokera ku DVD kapena Blu-ray ndikutsitsa kanema pa intaneti kwaulere.
Chimene anthu sakudziwa, ngakhale, ndi momwe mitundu imeneyi ya ntchito zosaloledwa ikuletsedwera. Pali mitundu yambiri yamakono omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchita izi, koma onse amagwera mu gulu la Digital Rights Management, lomwe limadziwikanso ngati DRM.
Ulamuliro wa Ufulu Wachibadwidwe Wafotokozedwa
Ufulu Wachibadwidwe wa Digital ndi teknoloji yomwe imapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zovuta zokhudzana ndi momwe mafayilo owonetsera ma digito, monga nyimbo, mafilimu, ndi mabuku angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Malamulo a Digital Rights Management akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthu china amadziwika ndi mwiniwake wa digito media (mwachitsanzo, kampani yotumiza mbiri imapanga DRM yomwe ili pamasewero omwe amapanga digitally). DRM ikulowetsedwa mu fayilo pofuna kuyesa kuti ikhale yosatheka kuchotsa. The DRM amalamulira momwe fayilo amachita ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito, pa makompyuta ogwiritsa-makompyuta.
DRM imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuti zisawononge zinthu monga kugawana ma MP3 pa maofesi a malonda kapena kuwonetsetsa kuti anthu agula nyimbo zomwe amazitenga ku intaneti.
Ufulu Wachibadwidwe wa Digital sulipo m'mafayilo onse a digito. Kawirikawiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zogulidwa kuchokera kumasitolo osindikiza pa intaneti kapena opanga mapulogalamu. Sagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zochitika zomwe wopanga amapanga fayilo ya digito, monga kuvuta nyimbo kuchokera ku CD . Mawindo ojambula adijito omwe amapangidwa mu nthawiyi sakananyamula DRM mwa iwo.
Zolemba za DRM ndi iPod, iPhone, ndi iTunes
Pamene Apple adayambitsa iTunes Store kugulitsa nyimbo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa iPod (ndipo kenako iPhone), mafayilo onse a nyimbo omwe anagulitsidwa kumeneko anali ndi DRM. Ndondomeko ya Ufulu Wowonjezera Ufulu wogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi iTunes inalola olemba kukhazikitsa ndi kusewera nyimbo zomwe zinagulidwa kuchokera ku iTunes mpaka makompyuta asanu-njira yomwe imatchedwa kuti ikuvomerezeka . Kuyika ndi kusewera nyimbo pa makompyuta ambiri (nthawi zambiri) sizingatheke.
Makampani ena amagwiritsa ntchito DRM zolemetsa, monga kupanga nyimbo zojambulidwa pokhapokha pamene kasitomala akulembera ku msonkhano wina wa nyimbo, kufooketsa fayilo ndikusasintha ngati akuletsa kubwereza. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Spotify, Apple Music, ndi zina zotere .
N'zomveka kuti, Digital Rights Management sakhala yotchuka ndi ogulitsa ndipo yakhala ikuthandizidwa kwambiri ndi makampani opanga mafilimu ndi akatswiri ena. Ovomerezera ufulu wa ogulitsa malonda awonetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi katundu wawo omwe amagula ngakhale ali digito ndipo DRM imaletsa izi.
Pamene Apple idagwiritsa ntchito DRM kwa zaka zambiri ku iTunes, pa Jan. 2008, kampaniyo inachotsa DRM ku nyimbo zonse zogulitsidwa kusitolo. DRM siigwiritsidwanso ntchito kutengera-kuteteza nyimbo zomwe zinagulidwa pa iTunes Store, koma mtundu wina wa iwo ukadalipo m'mafayilo otsatirawa omwe angathe kulandidwa kapena kugula pa iTunes:
- Mabuku omvetsera
- iBooks
- Video
- Mapulogalamu
ZOKHUDZA: N'chifukwa Chiyani Mafilimu Ena "Amagula" Ndipo Ena "Otetezedwa"?
Zomwe Zimagwiritsira Ntchito DRM
Mafakitale osiyanasiyana a DRM amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana, koma kawirikawiri akulankhula, DRM amagwiritsa ntchito mawu ogwiritsira ntchito pa fayilo ndikupereka njira yowunika kuti chinthucho chikugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira mawuwo.
Kuti izi zikhale zovuta kumvetsa, tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito chitsanzo cha nyimbo zadijito. Fayilo ya audio ikhoza kukhala ndi DRM yomwe imaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu amene anaigula. Pomwe nyimboyi idagulidwa, akaunti ya munthu wogwiritsira ntchitoyo ingagwirizane ndi fayiloyo. Ndiye, pamene wogwiritsa ntchito ayesa kuimba nyimboyo, pempho lidzatumizidwa kwa seva ya DRM kuti ayang'anire kuti aone ngati akaunti yanuyi ili ndi chilolezo chosewera nyimboyo. Ngati izo zitero, nyimboyo ikanakhoza kusewera. Ngati sichoncho, wosutayo adzalandira uthenga wolakwika.
Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha njirayi ndi ngati ntchito yomwe imayang'anitsitsa zilolezo za DRM sizigwira ntchito pazifukwa zina. Pankhaniyo, zokhutira mwatchutchutchu zingakhale zosapezeke.
Kutha kwa Ufulu wa Ufulu Wachibadwidwe
DRM ndi, m'madera ena, makanema otsutsana kwambiri, monga ena amatsutsa kuti zimachotsa ufulu umene ogula amakhala nawo padziko lapansi. Olemba nkhani omwe akugwiritsa ntchito DRM amavomereza kuti nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti akulipira katundu wawo.
Zaka khumi zoyambirira kapena zojambula zamagetsi, DRM inali yofala komanso yotchuka ndi makampani opanga mafilimu-makamaka pambuyo pa kutchuka kwa misonkhano monga Napster . Anthu ena ogwiritsa ntchito chitukuko-savvy anapeza njira zogonjetsera mitundu yambiri ya DRM ndipo amagawana maofesi adiresi momasuka. Kulephera kwa machitidwe ambiri a DRM ndi makakamizo ochokera kwa ogulitsa ogulitsa ogulitsa makampani ambiri amachititsa makampani opanga mafilimu kuti asinthe njira zawo za ufulu wa digito.
Malinga ndi kulemba uku, mautumiki obwereza monga Apple Music omwe amapereka nyimbo zopanda malire malinga ngati mukupitiriza kulipira malipiro a mwezi ndi amodzi kuposa momwe akugwirizira ufulu wa digito.