Chilankhulo Chogwiritsa Ntchito Deta (DCL)

GWIRITSANI, REVOKE ndi DENY Database Permissions

Chilankhulo Chogwiritsa Ntchito Deta (DCL) ndi gawo la Structured Query Language (SQL) ndipo amalola olamulira azinthu kuti azikhazikitsa chidziwitso cha chitetezo ku malemba oyanjana. Ikugwirizana ndi Chidziwitso cha Deta la Deta (DDL), chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa zinthu zamtunduwu, ndi Chilankhulo Chogwiritsira Ntchito (DML) chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa, kuika, ndi kusintha zomwe zili mu database.

DCL ndi yosavuta kwambiri pa SQL subsets , monga ili ndi malamulo atatu okha: GRANT, REVOKE, ndi DENY. Mwaphatikizana, malamulo atatu awa amapereka olamulira kuti azitha kusintha ndi kuchotsa zilolezo zamtunduwu mu mafashoni ambiri.

Kuwonjezera Zilolezo ndi GRANT Command

Lamulo la GRANT limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyang'anira kuwonjezera zilolezo zatsopano kwa wogwiritsa ntchito deta . Lili ndi mawu omveka bwino, otanthauzira motere:

KUKHALA [mwayi] PA [chinthu] KU [wosuta] [NDI MTIMA OPTION]

Pano pali phokoso pa gawo lililonse limene mungapereke ndi lamulo ili:

• Ufulu ukhoza kukhala mawu achinsinsi ALL (kupereka zilolezo zamitundu zosiyanasiyana) kapena chilolezo chachinsinsi chachinsinsi kapena chilolezo cha zilolezo. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo CREATE DATABASE, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, EXECUTE ndi CREATE VIEW.
• Cholinga chingakhale chinthu china chachinsinsi. Maudindo omwe ali nawo amasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa deta yomwe inu mumaphatikizapo mu chiganizo ichi. Kawirikawiri, chinthucho chidzakhala mwina deta, ntchito, ndondomeko yosungidwa , tebulo kapena mawonedwe.
• Mtumiki akhoza kukhala aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito deta. Mukhozanso kuyimitsa gawo kwa wogwiritsa ntchito mu ndimeyi ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha mndandanda wa deta.
• Ngati mumaphatikizapo chiganizo chokhudzana ndi OPENTION pamapeto a lamulo la GRANT, simungopereka wogwiritsa ntchito zilolezozo m'mawu a SQL komanso mupatseni ogwiritsira ntchito maluso omwewo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito deta. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, gwiritsani ntchito ndimeyi mosamala.

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani kuti mukufuna kupereka munthu Joe kuti athe kupeza zambiri kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito m'masitomala otchedwa HR. Mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo lotsatira la SQL:

GWIRITSANI NTCHITO PA HR.employees TO Joe

Joe tsopano ali ndi mphamvu zotenga uthenga kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito patebulo. Komabe, sangathe kupatsa ena ogwiritsira ntchito chilolezo kuti atenge uthenga kuchokera pa tebuloyo chifukwa simunaphatikizepo ndi GAWO LOCHOKERA PAMENE mu COMPANT statement.

Kuwonetsa Database Access

Lamulo la REVOKE likugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa kupeza ma database kuchokera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito poyamba. Chidule cha lamulo ili chikufotokozedwa motere:

BWERANI [KUKHALA OPHUNZITSIRA] [chilolezo] PA [chinthu] FROM [user] [CASCADE]

Pano pali phokoso pamadera a lamulo la REVOKE:

• Chilolezo chimatanthauzira zothandizira zachinsinsi kuti zichoke kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Lamulo likutsutsa malingaliro onse a GRANT ndi DENY omwe apangidwe kale kuti avomereze chilolezo.
• Cholinga chingakhale chinthu china chachinsinsi. Maudindo omwe ali nawo amasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa deta yomwe inu mumaphatikizapo mu chiganizo ichi. Kawirikawiri, chinthucho chidzakhala mwina deta, ntchito, ndondomeko yosungidwa, tebulo kapena mawonedwe.
• Mtumiki akhoza kukhala aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito deta. Mukhozanso kuyimitsa gawo kwa wogwiritsa ntchito mu ndimeyi ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha mndandanda wa deta.
• MALANGIZO OYENERA KUCHITSA CHIYAMBI amachotsa luso la wogwiritsa ntchito kuti apereke chilolezo kwa anthu ena. Zindikirani : Ngati mumaphatikizapo MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA MFUNDO mu REVOKE ndemanga, chilolezo chachikulu sichichotsedwa . Chigwirizano chimenechi chimangobweretsa mphamvu zokhazokha.
• Chotsalira cha CASCADE chimabweretsanso chilolezo chololedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito aliyense yemwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo wapatsidwa chilolezo.

Mwachitsanzo, lamulo lotsatira limapereka chilolezo choperekedwa kwa Joe mu chitsanzo choyambirira:

BWERANI KUSANKHA PA HR.employees KUWA Joe

Kuletsera mwatsatanetsatane Access Access

Lamulo la DENY limagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa mwatsatanetsatane wogwiritsa ntchito chilolezo. Izi zimathandiza ngati wogwiritsa ntchito kapena gulu lomwe lapatsidwa chilolezo, ndipo mukufuna kuteteza wophunzirayo kuti asalandire chilolezo mwa kupanga zosiyana. Chidule cha lamulo ili ndi motere:

DENY [chilolezo] PA [chinthu] KU [wosuta]

Zigawo za lamulo la DENY ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa lamulo la GRANT.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kuonetsetsa kuti Mateyu sakutha kulandira uthenga kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito, perekani lamulo ili:

TIYENANI KULEMBEDWA KU HR.employees KU Mateyu