NoSQL inalembedwa mu 1998. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti NoSQL ndi mawu odzudzulidwa omwe amachitidwa poyang'ana pa SQL. Zoona zenizeni, mawuwa amatanthawuza osati SQL Yokha. Lingaliro ndilokuti matekinoloji onse akhoza kukhala pamodzi ndipo aliyense ali ndi malo ake. Kusuntha kwa NoSQL kwakhala mu nkhani zaka zingapo zapitazi pamene atsogoleri ambiri a Web 2.0 atenga luso la NoSQL. Makampani monga Facebook, Twitter, Digg, Amazon, LinkedIn, ndi Google onse amagwiritsa ntchito NoSQL mwanjira ina.
Tiyeni tiwononge NoSQL kuti mutha kufotokozera kwa CIO wanu kapena ogwira nawo ntchito.
NoSQL Inachokera ku Zosowa
Kusungirako Zosungidwa: Deta yosungidwa ya deta yapadziko lapansi imayesedwa mu exabytes. An exabyte ndi ofanana ndi gigabytes imodzi (GB) ya deta. Malingana ndi Internet.com, kuchuluka kwa deta yosungidwa mu 2006 kunali 161 exabytes. Zaka 4 zotsatira mu 2010, kuchuluka kwa deta kusungidwa kudzakhala pafupifupi ExaBytes 1,000 yomwe ikuwonjezeka kuposa 500%. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, pali deta yochuluka yosungidwa mu dziko ndipo ikupitirizabe kukula.
Data Yophatikizidwa: Deta ikupitiriza kukhala yogwirizana kwambiri. Kulengedwa kwa webusaitiyi kumakhudza kwambiri, ma blogs ali ndi zovuta ndipo magulu onse ochezera a pawebusaiti ali ndi malemba omwe amangiriza zinthu palimodzi. Machitidwe akuluakulu amamangidwa kuti agwirizane.
Makhalidwe Osavuta : NoSQL ikhoza kuthana ndi chidziwitso chachisawawa chodziwika bwino. Kuti mukwaniritse chinthu chomwecho mu SQL, mungafunike matebulo angapo ogwirizana ndi mitundu yonse ya mafungulo.
Komanso, pali mgwirizano pakati pa ntchito ndi deta zovuta. Zochita zingathe kunyalanyaza mwambo wa RDBMS pamene tikusunga kuchuluka kwa deta zomwe zimafunikira pazithunzithunzi zowezera mawebusaiti ndi webusaiti ya semantic.
Kodi NoSQL n'chiyani?
Ndikuganiza kuti njira imodzi yofotokozera NoSQL ndiyo kuganizira zomwe siziri.
Si SQL ndipo si wachibale. Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, sikuti limalowetsa RDBMS koma limayamikira. NoSQL yapangidwa kuti igawidwe malo osungirako deta chifukwa chofunika kwambiri deta. Ganizirani za Facebook ndi anthu 500,000,000 ogwiritsa ntchito kapena Twitter omwe amasonkhanitsa Terabits of data tsiku lililonse.
M'nyuzipepala ya NoSQL, palibe chiwerengero chokhazikika ndipo simunayanjane. RDBMS "imatambasula" potenga zipangizo mofulumira komanso mofulumira ndikuwonjezera kukumbukira. NoSQL, kumbali inayo, akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito "kutulutsa". Kuwongolera kutanthauza kutambasula katundu pazinthu zambiri zamagetsi. Ichi ndi chigawo cha NoSQL chomwe chimapanga chisokonezo chachikulu pa madeta akuluakulu.
NoSQL Categories
Dziko la NoSQL lomwe lilipo tsopano likuphatikizapo magawo anayi.
- Zogulitsa zamtengo wapatali zimakhazikitsidwa makamaka pa Dynamo Paper ya Amazon imene inalembedwa mu 2007. Lingaliro lalikulu ndi kukhalapo kwa tebulo la hash komwe lili ndichinsinsi chapadera ndi pointer ku chinthu china cha deta. Mapupalawa nthawi zambiri amatsata njira zothandizira kuti pakhale ntchito.
Magulu a Mabanja Achilendo adalengedwa kuti asungire ndikukonzekera kuchuluka kwa deta zomwe zasindikizidwa pa makina ambiri. Palinso mafungulo koma amawunikira pazithunzi zambiri. Pankhani ya BigTable (Google Column Family NoSQL chitsanzo), mizere imadziwika ndi mzere wa mzere ndi deta yosankhidwa ndi kusungidwa ndi fungulo ili. Mizatiyi ikukonzedwa ndi banja lachigawo.
- Zolemba Zakale zokhudzana ndi zolemba zamasuliridwa ndi Lotus Notes ndipo ziri zofanana ndi malo ogulitsa kwambiri. Chitsanzochi ndizolembedwa zolembedwa zomwe zili ndi zokopa zina zamtengo wapatali. Zokomangidwe zowerengeka zimasungidwa mu maonekedwe monga JSON.
- Graph Database s imamangidwa ndi nodes, maubwenzi pakati pa zolemba ndi katundu wa nodes. Mmalo mwa matebulo a mizere ndi mizere ndi zomangamanga zolimba za SQL, amagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito makina ambiri.
Akuluakulu a NoSQL Osewera
Osewera akuluakulu a NoSQL adayamba makamaka chifukwa cha mabungwe omwe awalandira. Ena mwa matelogalamu akuluakulu a NoSQL ndi awa:
- Dynamo: Dynamo inalengedwa ndi Amazon.com ndipo ili ndi deta yapamwamba kwambiri ya Key-Value NoSQL. Ama Amazon ankafunikira malo osokonezeka omwe ankagawidwa nawo malonda awo a zamalonda kotero iwo anayamba Dynamo. Amazon S3 imagwiritsa ntchito Dynamo kukhala yosungirako zinthu.
- Cassandra: Cassandra anatsegulidwa mosavuta ndi Facebook ndipo ndi deta ya NoSQL yomwe ili ndi gawo.
- BigTable: BigTable ndidongosolo la Google lopangira malemba. Google imalola kugwiritsa ntchito BigTable koma kwa Google App Engine.
- SimpleDB: SimpleDB ndi dera lina la Amazon. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Amazon EC2 ndi S3, ndi mbali ya Amazon Web Services yomwe imapereka malipiro molingana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
- CouchDB: CouchDB pamodzi ndi MongoDB ndizolemba zowonongeka za NoSQL zosindikizidwa.
- Neo4J: Neo4j ndi malo osungirako ma graph otsegula.
Kufufuza NoSQL
Funso la momwe mungayankhire deta ya NoSQL ndi zomwe otsatsa ambiri akuzifuna. Zonsezi, deta yosungidwa mu deta yaikulu siimapangitsa munthu aliyense kukhala wabwino ngati simungathe kulandira ndikuwonetseratu kumapeto kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kapena ma webusaiti. Zosintha za NoSQ sizimapereka chilankhulo chokweza kwambiri monga SQL. M'malo mwake, kufotokoza mazenerawa ndizomwe zimatchulidwa.
Zambiri zamapulatifomu a NoSQL amalola RESTful interfaces ku deta. Zina zimapereka mafunso API. Pali zida zingapo zopempha zomwe zasankhidwa zomwe zimayesa kufufuza malemba ambirimbiri a NoSQL. Zida izi zimagwira ntchito pa gulu limodzi la NoSQL. Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi SPARQL. SPARQL ndizofotokozera zofunikanso zomwe zimapangidwira ma graph. Pano pali chitsanzo cha funso la SPARQL limene limapeza URL ya mtundu wina wa blogger (mwaulemu wa IBM):
Nkhumba yoyamba:
Sankhani url
Kuchokera
PAMENE {
? Wopereka chithandizo: dzina "Jon Foobar".
? wothandizira: weblog? url.
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Tsogolo la NoSQL
Mabungwe omwe ali ndi zosowa zambiri zosungiramo deta akuyang'anitsitsa NoSQL. Mwachiwonekere, lingalirolo silikupeza kutengeka kochepa mu mabungwe ang'onoang'ono. Pa kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Information Week, 44% a akatswiri a zazamalonda a IT sanadziwe za NoSQL. Komanso, 1 peresenti ya anthu omwe anafunsidwawo anafotokoza kuti NoSQL ndi gawo la njira yawo yoyenera. Mwachiwonekere, NoSQL ili ndi malo ake mu dziko lathu logwirizanitsa koma iyenera kupitiliza kusintha kuti ikhale ndi pempho lachidziwitso limene ambiri amaganiza kuti lingakhale nalo.