Mndandanda wa Zochitika Zomwe Zinapanga Zojambula Zamakono
Zojambulajambula zili ndi mbiri yakale komanso yosangalatsa ndipo zonse zinayamba ndi mawu oyambirira ndi zithunzi. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha kusindikizidwa mpaka kuonekera kwa mitundu yosiyana yojambula m'zaka za zana la 20, tiyeni tione zochitika zazikulu ndi kayendedwe kamene kanapangidwira zojambulajambula.
Kukonzekera Kwambiri Kumayambiriro Kwa Kuyankhulana ndi Kujambula
15,000 - 10,000 BC: Kuyankhulana koyamba koonekera, ndi zithunzi zojambula ndi zizindikiro m'mapanga a Lascaux kum'mwera kwa France.
3600 BC: Chikumbutso cha Blau chimaonedwa kuti ndi chinthu chakale kwambiri chodziwika kuti chiphatikiza mawu ndi zithunzi. Iwo amaganiza kuti akuchokera ku Iraq.
105 AD: Ofesi ya boma la China Ts'ai Lun akudziwika kuti akulemba mapepala.
1045 AD: Pi Sheng, katswiri wa zamagetsi wa ku China, amalola mtundu wosuntha, womwe umalola kuti malembawo apatsidwe payekha.
1276: Kusindikiza kumafika ku Ulaya ndi mphero ya papier ku Fabriano, Italy.
1450: Johann Gensfleisch zum Gutenburg akuyamikiridwa pokwaniritsa dongosolo la kusindikizira m'mabuku.
1460: Albrecht Pfister akukhala woyamba kuwonjezera mafanizo ku buku lofalitsidwa.
Kusinthika Kwasintha kwa Mtundu
1470: Nicolas Jenson, amene amalingalira chimodzi mwa ojambula ojambula kwambiri a mbiri yakale, amalemba mfundo za mtundu wa Aroma.
1530: Claude Garamond amatsegula mtundu woyamba woyambira, akulenga ndi kugulitsa zilembo kwa osindikiza.
1722: Choyamba cha Caslon Old Style font chikupangidwa. Pambuyo pake idzagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusindikiza kwa Declaration of Independence.
Kusintha kwa Industrial
1760: Industrial Revolution imayambira ndikuyambitsa malo opititsira patsogolo zojambulajambula.
1796: Wolemba Aloys Senefelder amapanga maonekedwe . Imeneyi inali njira yoyamba yosindikiza yosindikizira, yomwe imagwiritsira ntchito malo apamwamba ndikuyika masitepe osindikizira amakono.
1800: Ambuye Stanhope akuitana makina oyambirira osindikizira omwe amapanga mbali zonse zachitsulo. Ankafuna gawo limodzi la magawo khumi la ntchito yopangira mabuku omwe anapangidwa kale komanso kuwirikizapo kukula kwa pepala.
1816: Chithunzi choyamba cha sans-serif chimapanga khomo lachinsinsi ngati mzere umodzi wa bukhu.
Zolengedwa Zimabwera M'zinthu Zake
1861: Williams Morris, yemwe adakhala wotchuka kwambiri mu mbiri yakale, adakhazikitsa luso lake lojambula. Iye anali mtsogoleri wamkulu mu British Arts and Crafts Movement.
1869: NW Ayer & Son yakhazikitsidwa. Ataona kuti bungwe loyamba la malonda, iwo amapanga mgwirizano wotseguka ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito luso lojambula.
1880: Kukula kwa sewero la halftone kumalola chithunzi choyamba kuti chikasindikizidwe ndi zida zambiri.
1890: The Chiyambi cha Art Nouveau chimayamba ndipo chimasintha kapangidwe kosatha. Zinapangidwira njira zosiyanasiyana zamalonda ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yamakono. Ndondomekoyi inapitilira kupyolera mu 1920.
Zojambula Zamakono Zamakono Zoonekera
1900: Chojambula cha Futurism chimayambira. Chifukwa cha ubweya wa cubism ndi teknoloji, iyo inasiya zinthu zonse zomwe zimachitika mwatsatanetsatane ndipo zinayang'ana pazitsulo zoyera, zowongoka. Zinali zotchuka kupyolera m'ma 1930.
1910: Ndondomeko yotchedwa Early Modern inayamba. Zimagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi osati mafanizo ndi zochepetsera, zojambulajambula. Ndondomekoyi inali yotchuka kufikira cha m'ma 1935.
1910: Hero Realism imakhudzidwa ndi nkhondo ndipo ikupitirira kupyola m'ma 1940. Ndondomekoyi inadalira kwambiri mafanizo enieni a anthu ndi uthenga wamphamvu: ganizirani Rosie wa Riveter.
1919: Bauhaus imatsegulidwa mu 1919. Sukulu ya Germany yomangika mwamsanga inakhala mphamvu yowonongeka zamakono, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Art Deco ndi zomwe zikanakhala masewera a Swiss.
1920: Chithunzi cha Art Deco, chomwe chili ndi mphamvu zojambula bwino komanso zosiyana kwambiri zimayambira limodzi ndi luso labwino. Alibe kuya kwa machitidwe ena ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupyolera zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri.
Mafashoni Otsatira Tsatirani Chikhalidwe cha Pop
1932: The New New Roman typeface imapangidwa ndi Stanley Morrison. Idalamulidwa ndi " Times ya London ."
1940 : Malo osalongosoka ndi zojambula zoyera zinapangidwira kalembedwe ka Swiss. Palibe ma fonti a serif ndi maimidwe osakanikirana omwe nthawi zambiri ankakonda. Anali kutchuka kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo ankawonekera nthawi zambiri mpaka m'ma 1980.
1945: Kusintha kwakumapeto kwa masiku ano kumayambira ndikutsatira pa geometrics ya Art Deco. Ndondomekoyi ndi yopanda malire ndi mapulaneti ochiritsira. Zinali zachilendo kupyolera m'ma 1960.
1947: Wojambula wodabwitsa kwambiri Paul Rand akutulutsa buku lake loyamba, " Maganizo Maganizo. " Ntchito yake idzachititsa munthu aliyense wamakono kuti amutsatire.
1950: Kitsch imatuluka ndipo imakhala yolemekezeka m'mabuku ambiri a kanema a tsikuli. Mitundu yapamwamba ndi yolimba, zithunzi zosangalatsa, ndi mafanizo a anthu odabwitsa anali ofala mu kalembedwe kameneka.
1957: Helvetica imapangidwa ndi Max Miedinger. Iwo mwamsanga anakhala wotchuka ndi wotchuka typeface.
1959: Magazini yoyamba ya " Communication Arts " imatulutsidwa. Magazini iyi yokha ingakhale mwambo wamakampani ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri ya opanga makono.
1968: Polimbikitsidwa ndi ziwonetsero, kalembedwe ka Psychedelic kamangoyamba ndipo kumaseŵera kumatsenga. Mitundu yotsekemera, maonekedwe osasinthika amasandulika kukhala mawonekedwe, ndipo mitundu yowala imapezeka m'mapangidwe omwe nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa.
1970: Mafanizo omwe ankakhala m'mbali mwa khola anakhala odziwika kwambiri m'masunagoge a Post-Modern. Zomwe zidakulungidwa ndi kumverera zosafunika zinali zofala kudzera m'ma 80s.
Chiwonetsero cha Digital
1990: Chigawo choyamba cha Adobe Photoshop chimasulidwa, kupanga kusintha kwa njira imene opanga zithunzi akugwirira ntchito.
2000: Kukonzekera kwa grunge kunayambira pamodzi ndi punk rock monga zojambula zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito maonekedwe kuti ziwonetsedwe kumanyazi. Ndondomekoyi idakali yotchuka m'ma 2010s.
2010: Chimene chinadziwika kuti Chipinda chapafupi chimapangitsa kuti minimalist azikhala ndi mizere yamphamvu komanso zopweteka zodabwitsa monga kugwiritsa ntchito malo osayenera.
2016: Chisamaliro cha Swiss chimapitirizabe chizoloŵezi chochepa, kupotoza ndi kumangosintha zojambula m'njira zomwe zimawoneka zosasintha.
2017: Zithunzi zimayambira - zithunzi pamene kayendedwe kamodzi kakang'ono kamapangidwira - kuyang'anitsitsa oyang'anitsitsa pang'onopang'ono.
Chitsime:
Philip B. Meggs, Alston W. Purvis. " Mbiri ya Meggs ya Zojambulajambula ." Gulu lachinayi. John Wiley ndi Ana, Inc. 2006.