DNS Name Name System (DNS) imasunga maina ndi maadiresi a ma seva a pa intaneti. Pamene Webusaiti ikukula, DNS yowonjezera mphamvu zake kuti zifanane, zomwe zimapangitsa makompyuta ambirimbiri padziko lapansi lero. Kondetsani anzanu amtunduwa mwa kuphunzira ndi kugawana mfundo zenizeni za DNS.
Zaka Zoposa 30 Zakale
Mapepala awiri a Paul Mockapetris atasindikizidwa mu November 1983 - otchedwa RFC 882 ndi RFC 883 - adayambitsa chiyambi cha DNS. Pambuyo pa DNS, gulu la anthu likhoza kudziwika ndi dzina lake lokha, ndipo maadiresi a mayina onsewa adasungidwa mu fayilo imodzi yayikulu (yotchedwa "hosts.txt") yomwe inakhala yovuta kwambiri kuyendetsa ngati makompyuta omwe adakula mu 1970 ndi zaka za m'ma 1980. DNS yowonjezera dongosolo lino la kumatchulira limodzi pamasamba amodzi powonjezera madera othandizira - mayina amodzi kapena ena oonjezera adatchulidwira ku dzina la alendo, aliyense wosiyana ndi dontho (.).
Tambala 6 Oyamba Oyamba
Masamba oposa 700 apamwamba (TLDs) alipo tsopano pa intaneti (kuphatikizapo mayina ena osamvetseka monga .rocks ndi .soy). Bungwe lolamulira lopanda phindu la Internet Internet kwa Mayina ndi Mawerengedwe Opatsidwa (ICANN) amayang'anira ntchito zawo - awone mndandanda wa ICANN wa madera apamwamba.
Poyamba kuyambitsidwa muzaka za m'ma 1980, komabe DNS imatanthawuza ma TLD asanu okha - .com, .edu, .gov, .net, .net. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa dzina la mayina a mayina kunayambika mu 2011 ndi cholinga chokhala ndi mawebusaiti abwino kwambiri malinga ndi cholinga chawo.
Zowonjezera: Ma Domains Top-Level Domains (TLDs)
Zowonjezera Zambirimbiri Zolemba Zambirimbiri
Maina ambiri otchulidwa pa intaneti monga "about.com" ndi "mit.edu" amagwirizana ndi sukulu kapena bizinesi, pamene anthu amalembetsa ena pofuna zolinga zawo. Mayiko ambiri oposa 100 miliyoni amapezeka pansi pa .com okha. Izi ndi zina zochititsa chidwi za DNS zimapezeka pa DomainTools Internet Statistics.
Zimagwira Zonse Pambuyo ndi Zosintha
Zopempha zambiri ku DNS zimaphatikizapo kusintha maina a Webusaiti ndi ma intaneti ena ku ma intaneti , zomwe zimatchedwa kuti DNS lookups. DNS imathandizanso kutsogolo, kumasulira maadiresi ku mayina. Ngakhale kuti DNS lookups yosinthika sagwiritsidwa ntchito, amathandizira ogwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito troubleshooting. Zida monga ping ndi traceroute zimapanga zovuta, mwachitsanzo.
Zowonjezerani: Yambani ndi Kubwereza Zowonjezera Mauthenga a IP
Ali ndi mizu 13
DNS imapanga ma servers kukhala otsogolera kuti athandize kukonzanso kayendedwe ka pakati pa maseva komanso kupanga kusamalidwa kwa dongosolo. Machitidwe onse otsogolera ngati DNS amapanga mlingo wapamwamba (wotchedwa "muzu") kuchokera kumene magulu apansi angatulutse. Pazifukwa zamakono, DNS yamasiku ano imathandizira 13 mizu yotchedwa ma servers osati imodzi yokha. Mmodzi mwa mizu imeneyi, mwachidwi, amatchulidwa ndi kalata imodzi - kuyambira ndi 'A' ndikufutukula ku chilembo 'M'. (Dziwani kuti machitidwewa ndi a root-servers.net Internet domain, kupanga maina awo oyenerera bwino monga "a.root-servers.net," mwachitsanzo.)
Zowonjezerapo: Ma servers 13 a DNS Name
Cholinga Chamtengo Wapatali Chothandizira Webusaiti Yathu
Nkhani za DNS zowononga zochitika zikuwoneka mu nkhani zambiri mobwerezabwereza. Kuwombera kumaphatikizapo wowonongeka kuti apeze mauthenga a seva ya DNS pa webusaiti yoyenerera ndikuwasintha kuti atsogolere alendo kumalo a munthu wina m'malo mwake, Pamene wamtundu wa intaneti akupita kumalo otsekedwa, DNS imauza osatsegula awo kuti apemphe deta kuchokera ku malo achinyengo. Tawonani kuti otsutsa kawirikawiri sakufunika kulowa mu DNS palokha koma amatha kunyalanyaza utumiki wothandizira otsogolera polojekiti.