Maofesi Oipa Amakhala Nthawi Zonse Ngati Makompyuta
Pulogalamu ya pulogalamu yamalonda ( maluso ) ndizofunikira zilizonse zomwe zili ndi cholinga choipa. Ngakhale kuti mapulogalamu ambiri omwe mumayambitsa, kapena kuti akumasula, mumakhala opanda mavairasi, ena ali ndi mapulogalamu obisika omwe amafuna kuti awononge maofesi, kuba zinthu kuchokera kwa inu, kapena kungokukhumudwitsani.
Izi zakhala zikuchitika kwa nthawi yaitali. Vuto loyamba la pakompyuta linatchedwa Elk Cloner ndipo linapezeka pa Mac mu 1982. Januwale wa 2011 adawona mapulogalamu a pulogalamu yoyamba yovomerezeka ya PC yomwe inachokera ku Brian. Pofuna kutchula, PC yoyamba yogulitsa masikiti (HP 9100A) inatuluka mu 1968.
Zamaliseche mu 1900 & # 39; s
Mu 1986, mavairasi ambiri adapezeka m'mayunivesites ndipo kufalikira kunali makamaka chifukwa cha disppy disk. Mapulogalamu a pulogalamu yaumbanda yodziwika kwambiri ndi ubongo (1986), Lehigh, miyala, Yerusalemu (1987), nyongolotsi ya Morris (1988), ndi Michelangelo (1991).
Pofika zaka za m'ma 90s, bizinesi zinakhudzidwa mofananamo, zomwe zinkafunika kwambiri ku mavairasi aakulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kufalitsa kwasamukira ku intaneti.
Mapulogalamu a pulogalamu yaumbanda yotchuka pa nthawiyi akuphatikizapo DMV, umboni woyambirira wa kachilombo ka HIV, mu 1994. Panaliponso Cap.A m'chaka cha 1997, yomwe inayamba kukhala yoyambitsa matenda oopsa kwambiri, ndipo CIH (aka Chernobyl) mu 1998, kachilombo koyambalo kowononga hardware.
Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90, mavairasi ayamba kukhudza ogwiritsira ntchito kunyumba, ndi mauthenga omwe amalembedwa. Malware owoneka bwino m'chaka cha 1999 anali ndi Melissa, yoyamba yofala kwambiri ya imelo, ndi Kak, yoyamba ndi imodzi mwa mavairasi ochepa owona amelo.
21st Century Malware
Kumayambiriro kwa Zakachikwi zatsopano, intaneti ndi mphutsi za imelo zikupanga mitu yonse padziko lapansi.
- May 2000: Chikondwerero cha loveletter chinali choyamba chapamwamba kwambiri-chimalimbikitsa malungo
- February 2001: Anna Kournikova amalembetsa imelo
- March 2001: Magistr, monga CIH asanakhalepo, adakhudzanso hardware
- July 2001: Nyongolotsi ya Sircam imakolola mafayilo kuchokera ku fayilo ya My Documents
- August 2001: CodeRed worm
- September 2001: Nimda, webusaiti, imelo, ndi intaneti.
Pamene zaka khumi zapita patsogolo, zida zogwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu a pulogalamu yazumphawi zinangokhala chipangizo chopindulitsa. Kuyambira chaka cha 2002 ndi 2003, oyendetsa webusaiti ankavutika ndi maulamuliro osatetezedwa komanso mabomba ena a Javascript.
FriendGreetings adalimbikitsa mphutsi zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu m'mwezi wa Oktoba 2002 ndipo SoBig anayamba kugwiritsira ntchito makina opatsirana a spam pa makompyuta. Kuphwanyidwa ndi zina zachinyengo za khadi la ngongole zinachotsanso panthawiyi, pamodzi ndi mayina otchuka a intaneti otchedwa Blaster ndi Slammer.
- January 2004: Nkhondo ya imelo yowonjezera pakati pa olemba a MyDoom, Bagle ndi Netsky. Chodabwitsa, izi zinayambitsa kuwunikira kwa ma email ndi maulendo apamwamba ovomerezeka a ma email, omwe pamapeto pake adawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa mphutsi za imelo zazikulu.
- November 2005: Kupeza ndi kufotokozera kwa rootkit yomwe tsopano ndi yotchuka ya Sony rootkit kunapangitsa kuti pamapeto pake pakhale ma rootkits m'masakrogalamu ambiri amasiku ano.
- 2006: Pump & Dump ndi ndalama za mule ntchito zachuma zinagwirizanitsa nambala 419 za ku Nigeria, ziphuphu, ndi zolemba zowakomera mu 2006. Ngakhale kuti sizowonongeka mwachindunji, zolakwa zoterozo zinali kupitiliza mutu wa pulogalamu yachinyengo yomwe inayambitsidwa kudzera Intaneti.
- 2007: Mawebusaiti a webusaitiyi awonjezeka kwambiri mu 2007 chifukwa chochuluka kwambiri kupeza ndi kufotokoza kwa MPack, chida cha crimeware chomwe chimagwiritsira ntchito maukiti kudzera pa intaneti. Zophatikizapo zinaphatikizapo malo a Miami Dolphins Stadium, Tom Hardware, Sun, MySpace, Bebo, Photobucket, ndi webusaiti ya India Times.
- Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2007, masewera a SQL adayambanso kudutsa, kutsegula malo owonetsa ngati malo otchuka a Cute Overload ndi IKEA.
- January 2008: Pakadali pano, anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito webusaiti amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za FTP zomwe zabedwa ndikugwiritsira ntchito maofesi ofooketsa kuti ayambe kujambula IFrames pamasamba ambirimbiri a amayi ndi pop, zomwe zimatchedwa mchira wautali wa intaneti.
- Mu June 2008, botnet yotchedwa Asprox botnet inachititsa kuti magulu a jekeseni a SQL apangidwe, akudandaula kuti Walmart ndi mmodzi mwa omwe anazunzidwa. Zopseza zowonjezereka zakhala zikuchitika panthawi yomweyi pomwe ozunza adayamba kusokoneza makompyuta okhudzidwa ndikupereka mafayilo okonzekera mwambo kwa omwe ali ndi chidwi kwambiri.
- 2009: Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2009, Gumblar, woyamba wa mabotolo awiri, anawonekera. Gumblar adangogonjetsa pulogalamu yam'mbuyo pa PC ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito kubisa zizindikilo za FTP, adagwiritsira ntchito zizindikirozo kubisa backdoor pa webusaiti yosokonezedwa. Izi zakhazikitsidwa mofulumira ndi otsutsa ena.
- Zotsatira zake: webusaiti yathu yamakono yamakono samangobwereranso ku makamu ochepa omwe amachititsa maulendo. M'malo mwake, zikwi zambiri za malo osayanjanitsika angathe kusinthana mosasintha mbali yothandizira pulogalamu yachinsinsi.
- 2010: Machitidwe a makompyuta a zamakono anali malingaliro a woraka wa Stuxnet wa 2010. Chida choyipa ichi chokhudzidwa ndi ogwira ntchito osintha mapulogalamu kuti athetse makina pa magulu osonkhanitsa mafakitale. Zinali zovulaza kwambiri moti zikuganiziridwa kuti ndizo zinayambitsa kuwonongedwa kwa magulu mazana ambiri a ku Iran omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi.
- 2011: Hatchi yachinsinsi ya Microsoft yotchedwa Tojan yotchedwa ZeroAccess kulandila malware pa makompyuta kudzera mu botnets. Zambiri zimabisika ku OS pogwiritsa ntchito rootkits, ndipo zimafalitsidwa ndi bitcoin zipangizo.
Malware Volume ndi Antivirus Ogulitsa Revenues
Mtundu wa pulogalamu ya pulogalamu ya pulogalamu yaumbanda imangokhala yofalitsidwa ndi cholinga. Izi zikhoza kuwonetseredwa poyang'ana chiwerengero cha zitsanzo zodziwika panthawi yomwe zinachitika.
Mwachitsanzo, panthawi ya mapulogalamu oyipa kwambiri a 80s anali boot sector ndipo mafayilo opatsiranawo amafalitsidwa kudzera pa floppy disk. Pokhala ndi zochepa zogawira ndi cholinga chochepa, malingaliro apadera a malware omwe analembedwa mu 1990 ndi AV-TEST anali oposa 9,044 okha.
Monga makonzedwe ovomerezeka ndi makompyuta komanso kufalikira kwapakati pa theka la 90, kufalitsa kwa pulogalamu ya pulogalamu ya pulojekiti kunakhala kosavuta, kotero mphamvu inakula. Zaka zinayi izi zitachitika, mu 1994, AV-TEST inalengeza kuwonjezeka kwa 300 peresenti, kuyika zowonongeka zowonongeka pa 28,613 (kuchokera ku MD5 ).
Monga momwe matekinoloje amawerengedwera, mitundu ina ya pulogalamu yaumbanda inatha kupeza pansi. Mavairasi a Macro omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Microsoft Office zinthu sizinangowonjezera kupititsa patsogolo kudzera pa imelo, komanso amathandizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ma imelo. Mu 1999, AV-TEST inalembetsa 98,428 malangizo omwe ali ndi malware, omwe anali 344% pamphuno zaka zisanu zisanachitike.
Monga kubwezeretsa kwa intaneti kuwonjezeka, nyongolotsi zinakhala zovuta kwambiri. Kugawidwa kunapitiliranso ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa intaneti ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapulogalamu omwe amati amatchulidwa pa Web 2.0 , omwe adalimbikitsa chilengedwe chokometsera kwambiri. M'chaka cha 2005, 333,425 zowonongeka za malware zinalembedwa ndi AV-TEST. Izi ndi 338% kuposa 1999.
Kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi pa kitsulo zogwiritsira ntchito webusaiti kunayambitsa kuphulika kwa malware omwe amatulutsidwa pa intaneti kumapeto kwa zaka chikwi khumi zoyambirira. Mu 2006, Pulezidenti Wakale adapezedwa, AV-TEST inalemba 972,606 pulogalamu ya malware yosiyana, yomwe ndi 291% kuposa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zisanachitike.
Monga jekeseni yowonongeka ya SQL ndi mitundu yambiri ya webusaiti yowonongeka yowonjezereka kugawidwa mu 2007, buku la pulogalamu ya pulogalamu ya pulogalamu ya pulogalamu ya pulogalamu yaumbanda inadumphira kwambiri, ndi 5,490,960 zitsanzo zolembedwa ndi AV-TEST chaka chimenecho. Ndiko kuwonjezeka kwa 564% mu chaka chimodzi chokha.
Kuchokera mu 2007, chiwerengero chazomwe zili pulogalamu yowonongeka yosawerengeka chapitiriza kukula, kuwirikiza kawiri kapena zambiri chaka chilichonse. Pakalipano, akugulitsa malonda atsopano a malware amachoka pa 30k mpaka 50k pa tsiku. Onetsani njira ina, zowonjezera mwezi zatsopano zowonongeka zowonongeka zowonjezereka kuposa zowonjezera zonse za pulogalamu yaumbanda kuyambira 2006 ndi zaka zapitazo.
Antivayirasi / Malipiro a Chitetezo
Pa nthawi ya "sneakernet" kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80s ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka 90, antivirasi ogulitsa malonda anali pamodzi osachepera $ 1B USD. Pofika chaka cha 2000, ndalama zolimbana ndi antivirus zinawonjezeka kufika pafupifupi $ 1.5B.
- 2001 - $ 1.8
- 2002 - $ 2.06B
- 2003 - $ 2.7B
- 2004 - $ 3.5B
- 2005 - $ 7.4B
- 2006 - $ 8.6B
- 2007- $ 11.3B
- 2008 - $ 13.5B
- 2009 $ 14.8B
- 2010 - $ 16.5B
Ngakhale ena atha kuwonetsa kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda komanso chitetezo cha malonda monga "zowonetsera" kuti ogulitsa antivirus amapeza phindu (ndipo potero amapanga) pulogalamu yachinsinsi, masamu okha sali ndi chidziwitso ichi.
Mwachitsanzo, mu 2007, malonda a antivayirasi anakula ndi 131% koma ma volume a pulogalamu ya pulogalamu yowonjezera yawonjezeka 564% chaka chimenecho. Kuwonjezera apo, ndalama zolimbana ndi antivayirasi zikuwonjezereka zimakhalanso zotsatira za makampani atsopano ndi makina opititsa patsogolo, monga makanema otetezera ndi chitukuko cha chitetezo cha mdima.