Musalole kuti dzina lawo lokongola likupusitseni, izi ndi zoopsa.
Pamene mungaganize za Matawuni a Rainbow monga zinyumba zokongola, sizinthu zomwe tikuti tizikambirana. Mawindo a utawaleza omwe tikulankhula nawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupasula mapepala achisipoti ndipo ndi chida china mu zida zowonjezera zowononga.
Kodi ndizitani zomwe zili Rainbow Tables? Kodi china chake chokhala ndi dzina lokongola komanso lotukwana chingakhale chovulaza bwanji?
Mfundo Yaikulu Yotsalira Ma Tebulo a Utawaleza
Ndine munthu woipa amene watangotsala pang'ono kubudula galimoto yopangira thumba kapena ntchito, ndikubwezeretsanso, ndikuyendetsa pulogalamu yomwe imasungira fayilo yosungirako chitetezo chazamasamba omwe ali ndi mayina ndi apasipoti pamtundu wanga wapamwamba.
Mauthenga achinsinsi mu fayilo ali encrypted kotero ine sindingakhoze kuwawerenga iwo. Ndiyenera kupasula mapepala achinsinsi mu fayilo (kapena osintha chinsinsi) kuti nditha kuwagwiritsa ntchito kuti ndipeze mauthenga.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mapepala? Ndikuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yachinsinsi yachinsinsi monga John the Ripper, yomwe imachokera pa fayilo yachinsinsi, ndikuyesera kuganiza kuti paliponse palimodzi. Njira yachiwiri ndiyo kutanthauzira mawu otanthauzira mawu achinsinsi omwe ali ndi masipoti mazana ambirimbiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuwona ngati akugunda. Njira izi zingatenge masabata, miyezi, kapena zaka ngati ma passwords ali amphamvu mokwanira.
Pamene mawu achinsinsi "ayesedwa" motsutsana ndi dongosolo "wasokoneza" pogwiritsa ntchito encryption kuti mawu enieniwo asatumizedwe momveka bwino pazowunikira. Izi zimalepheretsa ophunzira kuti asatengere mawu achinsinsi. Mphindi ya mawu achinsinsi nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati gulu la zinyalala ndipo kawirikawiri amakhala kutalika kuposa mawu achinsinsi. Mawu anu achinsinsi angakhale "shitzu" koma mayendedwe anu achinsinsi angawoneke ngati "7378347eedbfdd761619451949225ec1".
Kuti mutsimikizire wogwiritsa ntchito, dongosolo limatengera mtengo wa hash wopangidwa ndi mawu achinsinsi tohing ntchito pa makasitomala makasitomala ndipo amafanizira ndi mtengo wa hash yosungidwa pa tebulo pa seva. Ngati mahatchi amafanana, ndiye wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akuvomerezedwa ndi kupatsidwa mwayi.
Kuphwanya mawu achinsinsi ndi ntchito yoyendetsera 1, kutanthauza kuti simungathe kufotokozera mwala kuti muwone chomwe mawu achinsinsi ali. Palibe chifungulo chochotseratu hayi pokhapokha atapangidwa. Palibe "mphete yosungira" ngati mukufuna.
Mapulojekiti otha kusindikizira achinsinsi amachita chimodzimodzi ndi njira yolowera. Pulogalamu yowonongeka imayamba podula mapepala achinsinsi, kuwayendetsa pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe atsopano, monga MD5, ndiyeno kufanizitsa kuwonongeka kwa hash ndi mauthenga mu fayilo yachinsinsi. Ngati atapeza masewera ndiye pulogalamu yathyola mawu achinsinsi. Monga tanenera kale, njirayi ikhoza kutenga nthawi yaitali.
Lowetsani matebulo a Rainbow
Mawindo a utawaleza ndiwo magulu akuluakulu a matebulo otsogolera omwe ali ndi makhalidwe a hashi omwe amatsatiridwa kale ndi malemba achinsinsi. Utawaleza Wowona Masewera umaloleza osokoneza kuti asinthe ntchito yowonongeka kuti adziwe zomwe mawu achinsinsi angakhale. N'zotheka kuti mau achinsinsi awiri apangidwe kuti awonetsere chomwecho kotero kuti sikofunika kudziwa chomwe chinsinsi chapachiyambi chinali, malinga ngati chiri ndi hanayo. Phokoso lamakalatali silingakhale lofanana ndi liwu lomwe linapangidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito, koma malinga ngati hash ikufananako, ndiye ziribe kanthu chomwe chinsinsi choyambirira chinali.
Kugwiritsira ntchito matawuni a Rainbow kumapatsa mauthenga achinsinsi kuti agwedezeke mu nthawi yochepa poyerekeza ndi njira zowonongeka, komabe, malondawa ndi kuti amatenga malo ambiri osungirako (nthawizina Terabytes) kuti agwirire matebulo a Rainbow okha, Kusungirako masiku awa ndi ochuluka ndipo ndi otchipa kotero ntchitoyi siyikulu kwambiri ngati inali zaka khumi zapitazo pamene mabomba a terabyte sanali chinthu chimene mungathe kutenga ku Best Buy komweko.
Ogudubuza amatha kugula Mawindo a Rainbow omwe amachititsa kuti asagwiritse ntchito mapepala achinsinsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7, ndikugwiritsa ntchito MD5 ndi SHA1 monga momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mawonekedwe awo achinsinsi (ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito webusaiti amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowonongeka).
Mmene Mungadzitetezere ku Mpheta ya Mphepete mwa Mphepete Mwayi
Tikufuna kuti pakhale uphungu wabwino kwa wina aliyense. Tikufuna kunena kuti mawu achinsinsi angathandize, koma izi sizowona chifukwa sizowona kuti mawuwa ndi ofooka, ndizofooka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba mawu achinsinsi.
Malangizo abwino omwe tingapatse ogwiritsa ntchito ndi kukhala kutali ndi mapulogalamu a pa intaneti omwe amaletsa kutalika kwa mawu achinsinsi kwa chiwerengerochi chaching'ono. Ichi ndi chizindikiro choonekeratu cha chizoloŵezi chotsimikizika chachinsinsi cha pasukulu yakale. Kutalika kwa mawu achinsinsi ndi zovuta kumathandiza pang'ono, koma sizitetezedwa. Pomwe mawu anu achinsinsi ali otalikira, zigawo zazikulu za Rainbow ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka, koma wodula ndi zinthu zambiri angathe kuchita izi.
Malangizo athu a momwe tingatetezere ku Matawuni a Rainbow alidi othandizira omanga mapulogalamu ndi oyang'anira dongosolo. Iwo ali pamzere kutsogolo pofuna kuteteza abasebenzisi kutsutsana ndi mtunduwu.
Nazi malangizo ena othandizira poteteza Rainbow Table masewera:
- Musagwiritse ntchito MD5 kapena SHA1 mu thumba lanu lachinsinsi ntchito. MD5 ndi SHA1 ndizomwe zilipo kalembedwe kachinsinsi ndi magome a utawaleza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala a pulasitiki amamangidwa pofuna kulumikiza ntchito ndi machitidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonongeka. Ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono monga SHA2.
- Gwiritsani ntchito "Mchere" mu mawu anu achinsinsi. Kuwonjezera mchere wachinsinsi ku neno lanu lachinsinsi kugwira ntchito kudzakuthandizani kuteteza kugwiritsa ntchito Rainbow Matebulo pofuna kusokoneza mapepala achinsinsi muzomwe mukugwiritsira ntchito. Kuti muwone zitsanzo zina zowerengera za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mchere wamakono kuti muthandize "Rainbow-Umboni" pempho lanu chonde onani tsambali la WebMasters ndi Design lomwe liri ndi mutu waukulu pa mutuwo.
Ngati mukufuna kuona momwe hackers akugwiritsira ntchito mawu achinsinsi pogwiritsa ntchito Rainbow Tables, mukhoza kuwerenga nkhani yabwino kwambiri za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njirazi kuti mutenge mapepala anu.