Ndizosatheka kukambirana mapulogalamu ojambula zithunzi popanda poyamba kumvetsa kusiyana kwa mitundu iwiri yojambulajambula: bitmap ndi zithunzi zojambulajambula.
Zoonadi Zokhudza Zithunzi za Bitmap
Zithunzi za Bitmap (zomwe zimadziwikanso ngati zithunzi za raster) zimapangidwa ndi pixelisi mu gridi. Ma pixel ndizojambula zithunzi: malo ang'onoang'ono a mtundu uliwonse omwe amapanga zomwe mumawona pazenera. Zithunzi zonsezi zimabwera palimodzi kupanga zojambula zomwe mumaziona. Owonetsa makompyuta amasonyeza mapirisili, ndipo nambala yeniyeni imadalira kusamala kwanu ndi zojambula. Foni yamakono mu thumba lanu ikhoza kusonyeza maulendo angapo ma pixels monga kompyuta yanu.
Mwachitsanzo, zithunzi pa desktop yanu ndizokhala 32 ndi 32 pixels, kutanthauza kuti pali madontho 32 a mtundu wopita kumbali iliyonse. Pamodzi, madontho ang'onoang'onowa amapanga fano.
Chithunzi chomwe chikuwonetsedwa kumtunda wakumanja kwa chithunzi pamwambapa ndi chithunzi chowonetsera pazithunzi pazithunzi. Pamene mukukulitsa chithunzicho, mukhoza kuyamba kuona bwinobwino malo omwe ali ndizithunzi. Onani kuti kumadera oyera kumbuyoko kuli mapikseli apadera, ngakhale kuti amaoneka ngati mtundu umodzi wolimba.
Kusintha kwa Bitmap
Zithunzi za Bitmap ndizokhazikitsidwa. Kukonzekera kumatanthawuza chiwerengero cha pixels mu fano ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa dpi (madontho pa inchi) kapena ppi (pixels per inch) . Zithunzi za Bitmap ziwonetsedwa pawonekedwe la pakompyuta pa chisankho cha masewero: pafupifupi 100 ppi.
Komabe, mukasindikiza bitmaps, makina anu osindikiza amafunikira deta zambiri zowonongeka kusiyana ndi kufufuza. Kuti mupange chithunzi cha bitmap molondola, mawonekedwe osindikizira a desktop akufunikira 150-300 ppi. Ngati munayamba mwadzifunsapo chifukwa chake zithunzi zanu 300 za dpi zikuwoneka zazikulu kwambiri pazowunika zanu, ndi chifukwa chake.
Kupewera Zithunzi ndi Kusintha
Chifukwa bitmaps ndizokhazikitsidwa, sitingathe kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwake popanda kupereka nsembe yapamwamba. Mukamachepetsa kukula kwa chithunzi cha bitmap kupyolera mu pulogalamu yanu ya pulogalamu kapena kusintha, ma pixel ayenera kutayidwa.
Pamene mukulitsa kukula kwa chithunzi cha bitmap kupyolera pamapulogalamu anu a pulogalamu kapena posintha, pulogalamuyo imapanga mapikseli atsopano. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma pixel, pulogalamuyi iyenera kulingalira maonekedwe a mtundu wa pixels atsopano pogwiritsa ntchito ma pixel oyandikana nawo. Izi zimatchedwa interpolation.
Kumvetsetsa Kusamvana
Ngati mumagwirizanitsa chisankho cha fano mumaphatikizapo mapikseli. Tiyeni tiganizire kuti muli ndi pixel yofiira ndi pixel ya buluu pambali pa mzake. Ngati mwatsatanetsatane chigamulocho muwonjezerapo pixels awiri pakati pawo. Kodi ma pixelisi atsopano adzakhala a mtundu wanji? Kuyankhulana ndi ndondomeko yotsatila yomwe imatsimikizira mtundu umene ma pixel enawo adzakhala; makompyuta akuwonjezera zomwe akuganiza kuti ndi mitundu yoyenera.
Kujambula Chithunzi
Kujambula chithunzi sikusokoneza chithunzicho kwamuyaya. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, sikusintha chiwerengero cha pixels mu fano. Chimene chimachita ndi kuwapangitsa kukhala aakulu. Komabe, ngati mukulitsa chithunzi cha bitmap ndi kukula kwake pa mapulogalamu anu a tsamba, mudzawona mawonekedwe odalirika. Ngakhale ngati simukuziwona pazenera lanu, zidzakhala zooneka bwino mujambula.
Kujambula chithunzi cha bitmap kwa kukula kwazing'ono sikumakhudza; Ndipotu, mukamachita izi mukuwonjezera ppi ya chithunzi kotero kuti idzasindikiza bwino. Mwanjira yanji? Ilo liri ndi nambala yowonjezera yamapikseli mu malo ang'onoang'ono.
Mapulogalamu otchuka a kusintha kwa bitmap ndi awa:
- Microsoft Paint
- Adobe Photoshop
- Corel Photo-Paint
- Corel Paint Shop Pro
- GIMP
Zithunzi zonse zojambulidwa ndizithunzithunzi, ndipo zithunzi zonse kuchokera ku makamera a digito ndi bitmaps.
Mitundu ya Zopangidwe za Bitmap
Zowonjezera za bitmap zimaphatikizapo:
Kutembenuza pakati pa maonekedwe a bitmap ndi ophweka ngati kutsegula chithunzi kuti mutembenuzidwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Save As pulogalamu yanu kuti muyisunge mu mtundu uliwonse wa bitmap womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu anu.
Zolemba za Bitmaps ndi Transparency
Zithunzi za Bitmap, kawirikawiri, sizigwirizana mwachibadwa poyera. Maonekedwe angapo - omwe ndi GIF ndi PNG - amathandiza poyera.
Kuwonjezera apo, mapulogalamu ambiri okonzekera zithunzi amathandiza kuwonetsetsa, koma pokhapokha ngati fanolo likusungidwa m'mawonekedwe ake .
Zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira ndizoti malo owonetseredwa mu fano adzakhalabe owonetseredwa pamene fano likusungidwa ku mtundu wina, kapena kulipizidwa ndikupangidwira pulogalamu ina. Izo sizikugwira ntchito; Komabe, pali njira zogwirira ntchito kapena kuzibisa kunja kwa bitmap yomwe mukufuna kukagwiritsira ntchito pa mapulogalamu ena.
Kuzama Kwambiri
Kuya kwa maonekedwe kumatanthauzira chiwerengero cha zithunzi zotheka m'chithunzichi. Mwachitsanzo, chithunzi cha GIF ndi chithunzi cha-8-bit, kutanthauza kuti pali mitundu 256 yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Mitundu ina yakuya pansi ndi 16-bit, imene pafupifupi 66,000 mitundu ilipo; ndi 24-bit, momwe pafupifupi 16 miliyoni mitundu yotheka ilipo. Kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezera kuya kwazithunzi kumaphatikizapo chidziwitso cha mtundu kapena zochepa za mtundu ku chithunzicho ndi kuchepa kofanana kapena kuwonjezeka mu kukula kwa fayilo ndi khalidwe la zithunzi.
Mfundo Zokhudza Zithunzi Zithunzi
Ngakhale osati monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito monga mafilimu a bitmap, zithunzi za vector zili ndi makhalidwe ambiri. Zithunzi zojambula zithunzi zimapangidwa ndi anthu ambiri, zinthu zosaoneka.
Zinthu izi zimatanthauzidwa ndi mashematical equations, otchedwa Bezier Curves, osati ma pixels, kotero iwo nthawi zonse amapereka apamwamba kwambiri chifukwa ali odziimira okha-chipangizo. Zolinga zingakhale ndi mizere, ma curve, ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi makhalidwe abwino monga mtundu, kudzaza, ndi ndondomeko.
Kusintha malingaliro a chinthu cha vector sichikhudza chinthu chomwecho. Mukhoza kusintha mwaufulu chiwerengero chilichonse cha zinthu popanda kuwononga chinthu chofunikira. Chinthu chingasinthidwe osati kusintha malingaliro ake komanso kupangidwanso ndi kusinthira pogwiritsira ntchito node ndi machitidwe oletsa. Kuti mukhale chitsanzo chotsatira mfundo za chinthu, onani phunziro langa la CorelDRAW pojambula mtima.
Ubwino wa Zithunzi Zithunzi
Chifukwa chakuti zowoneka bwino, zithunzi zojambulidwa ndi vector ndizoyendetsera zokha. Mukhoza kuonjezera ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa zithunzi zojambula pazithunzi iliyonse ndipo mizere yanu idzakhala yosakanizika komanso yowongoka, zonse pazenera ndi kusindikiza.
Zizindikiro ndi mtundu wa chinthu cha vector.
Chinthu chinanso cha zithunzi zojambulajambula ndikuti sizongokhala ndi mawonekedwe a bitmaps. Zinthu zowonongeka zingayidwe pazinthu zina, ndipo chinthu chomwe chili pansipa chidzawonetsera. Mzere wa vector ndi bwalo la bitmap zikuwoneka chimodzimodzi poonekera pamsana woyera, koma mukayika bwalo la bitmap pamwamba pa mtundu wina, liri ndi bokosi laling'onoting'ono pozungulira ma pixels oyera mu fano.
Kuipa kwa Vector Images
Zithunzi zojambula zithunzi zili ndi ubwino wambiri, koma vuto lalikulu ndiloti ndizosavomerezeka popanga zithunzi zenizeni. Zithunzi zojambulidwa kawirikawiri zimakhala ndi malo olimba a mtundu kapena ma gradients, koma sangathe kufotokozera zizindikiro zowonongeka za chithunzi. Ndicho chifukwa chake zithunzi zambiri zomwe mumawona zimakonda kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ojambula.
Ngakhale zili choncho, zithunzi za vector zikupitirirabe kwambiri, ndipo tikhoza kuchita zambiri ndi zojambulajambula tsopano kusiyana ndi zaka khumi zapitazo. Zida zamakono zamakono zimakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito zojambulajambula pazinthu zomwe zimawapatsa zithunzi zooneka bwino, ndipo tsopano mukhoza kupanga zofewa, zooneka bwino, ndi zojambula zomwe poyamba zinali zovuta kukwaniritsa mapulogalamu a vector.
Kujambula Zithunzi Zojambula
Zithunzi zojambula zithunzi zimachokera ku mapulogalamu. Simungathe kujambulira chithunzi ndikusungira ngati fayilo ya vector popanda kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yapadera yotembenuka. Kumbali inayi, zithunzi zojambula zimatha kusintha mosavuta. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa kuti rasterizing.
Pamene mutembenuza chithunzi cha vector kupita ku bitmap, mungathe kufotokozera yankho la zotsatira za bitmap yotsiriza kwa zilizonse zomwe mukufunikira. Ndikofunika nthawizonse kusunga kopangidwe ka zojambulajambula zapachiyambi panthawiyo musanatembenuzire ku bitmap; kamodzi atatembenuzidwira ku bitmap, chithunzichi chimatayika makhalidwe onse abwino omwe anali nawo mu boma lake.
Ngati mutembenuza vector ku 100m pixels 100m ndiyeno ndikusankha kuti mukufunikira fano kuti ikhale yaikulu, muyenera kubwereranso ku fayilo yoyamba ndi kutumiza fanolo. Komanso, kumbukirani kuti kutsegula chithunzi cha pulogalamu yamapulogalamu ya bitmap kawirikawiri kumawononga makhalidwe a vector a chithunzi ndikusinthira ku deta.
Chifukwa chofala chofuna kutembenuza vector ku bitmap chingakhale ntchito pa intaneti. Maonekedwe ovomerezeka ndi ovomerezeka pa zithunzi zojambula pa intaneti ndi SVG kapena Zojambula Zojambula Zowonongeka.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a zithunzi, iwo akhoza kutembenuzidwa ku GIF kapena PNG mtundu wogwiritsira ntchito pa intaneti. Izi zimasintha pang'onopang'ono chifukwa asakatuli amakono amakono amapereka zithunzi za SVG.
Zithunzi zofanana ndizo:
- AI (Adobe Illustrator)
- CDR (CorelDRAW)
- CMX (Corel Exchange)
- SVG ( zojambula zowonongeka )
- Makanema a CGM a Makompyuta
- DXF AutoCAD
- WMF Windows Metafile
Mapulogalamu otchuka a zojambula ndi awa:
- Adobe Illustrator
- CorelDRAW
- Xara Xtreme
- Serif DrawPlus
- Inkscape
Mafayilo ndi zithunzi zomwe zili ndi deta komanso ma data. Mwachitsanzo, chithunzithunzi cha vector chomwe chiri ndi chinthu chomwe chiri ndi pulogalamu ya bitmap yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kudzaza chingakhale metafile. Chinthucho akadali vector, koma chidziwitso chodzaza chiri ndi data ya bitmap.
Maofesi a metafi amodzi ndi awa:
- EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)
- PDF (Portable Document Format)
- PICT (Macintosh)