Kodi File PEM Ndi Chiyani?

Momwe mungatsegule, kusintha, ndi kusintha mawonekedwe a PEM

Fayilo yowonjezeredwa ndi mafayilo a PEM ndi fayilo yapamwamba yachinsinsi ya Mail yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa imelo payekha. Munthu amene alandira imeloyi akhoza kukhala ndi chidaliro kuti uthengawo sunasinthidwe panthawi yomwe watumiza, sanawonetseredwe kwa wina aliyense, ndipo anatumizidwa ndi munthu amene amadzinenera kuti watumiza.

Mafomu a PEM adachokera pa zovuta za kutumizira ma binary data kudzera mu imelo. Fomu ya PEM imalumikiza binary ndi bas64 kuti ikhale ngati chingwe cha ASCII.

Mafomu a PEM adasinthidwa ndi matekinoloje atsopano komanso otetezeka koma chida cha PEM chigwiritsidwanso ntchito masiku ano kuti chikwaniritse maofesi ovomerezeka, magulu a anthu ndi apadera, zikalata za mizu, ndi zina zotero.

Zindikirani: Mafayi ena pamapangidwe a PEM angagwiritse ntchito kufalikira kwa mafayilo osiyanasiyana, monga CER kapena CRT kwazitifiketi, kapena KEY kwa makiyi apagulu kapena apadera.

Mmene Mungatsegule Ma PEM

Njira zothandizira fayilo ya PEM ndi yosiyana malingana ndi ntchito yomwe ikufunikira ndi njira yomwe mukugwiritsira ntchito. Komabe, mungafunike kutembenuza fayilo yanu ya PEM ku CER kapena CRT kuti zina mwa mapulogalamuwa avomereze fayilo.

Mawindo

Ngati mukusowa fayilo ya CER kapena CRT mu makina a imelo a Microsoft monga Outlook, yambulani ku Internet Explorer kuti ikhale yosungidwa moyenera. Mamelo wotsatsa imelo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kuchokera pamenepo.

Kuti muwone maofesi omwe ali nawo pa kompyuta yanu, ndi kuitanitsa pamanja, gwiritsani ntchito Tools Tools kuti mupeze Internet Options> Content> Zopangira .

Kuti mulowetse fayilo ya CER kapena CRT mu Windows, yambani mwa kutsegula Microsoft Management Console kuchokera ku Runbox box (gwiritsani ntchito njira ya Windows Key + R yolowera mmc ). Kuchokera kumeneko, pita ku Fayilo> Yonjezerani / Chotsani Kulowetsa ... ndipo sankhani Zolemba kuchokera kumanzere lamanzere, kenako Dinani> Pakatikati pawindo. Sankhani akaunti ya kompyuta pazithunzi zotsatirazi, kenako pita kudutsa wizard, kusankha kompyutala yapafupi pamene mukufunsidwa.

Kamodzi "Zopangidwe" zatsatiridwa pansi pa "Chitsimikizo Chothandizira," yonjezerani foda ndi dinani pomwepo.

macOS

Lingaliro lofanana ndilo kwa Mac imelo makasitomala monga ndi Windows; Gwiritsani ntchito Safari kuti fayilo ya PEM itumizedwe ku Keychain Access.

Mukhozanso kutumiza zizindikiro za SSL kudzera mu Files> Import Items ... menyu mu Keychain Access. Sankhani Machitidwe kuchokera kumenyu yotsitsa ndikutsatirani pazenera.

Ngati njirazi sizigwira ntchito yoitanitsa fayilo ya PEM ku macOS, mukhoza kuyesa lamulo ili :

chitetezo cholowetsa wanufile.pem -k ~ / Library / Keychains / login.keychain

Linux

Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo ili keytool kuti muwone zomwe zili mu fayilo ya PEM pa Linux:

keytool -printcert -file yanufile.pem

Tsatirani izi ngati mukufuna kuitanitsa fayilo ya CRT m'kalata yodalirika ya Linux (tsamba loyang'ana PEM ku CRT gawo lotsatira ngati muli ndi fayilo ya PEM mmalo mwake):

1. Yendetsani ku / usr / gawo / ca-zitukuko / .
2. Pangani foda apo (mwachitsanzo, sudo mkdir / usr / share / ca-zithunzithunzi / ntchito ).
3. Lembani fayilo ya .CRT mu folda yatsopanoyo. Ngati simungachite bwino, musagwiritse ntchito lamuloli: sudo cp yourfile.crt /usr/share/ca-certificates/work/yourfile.crt .
4. Onetsetsani kuti zilolezo zimayikidwa molondola (755 pa foda ndi 644 pa fayilo).
5. Kuthamangitsani sudo update-ca-zotsatila lamulo.

Firefox ndi Thunderbird

Ngati fayilo ya PEM iyenera kutumizidwa mu kasitomala a imelo a Mozilla monga Thunderbird, mungafunike kuyamba kutumiza fomu ya PEM kuchokera ku Firefox. Tsegulani menyu ya Firefox ndi kusankha Zosankha . Pitani ku Advanced> Zitetezo> Yang'anani Zitetezo> Zophatikiza Zanu ndipo sankhani zomwe mukufunikira kutumiza, ndiyeno musankhe Kusunga ....

Ndiye, mu Thunderbird, tsegula menyu ndipo dinani kapena tapani Zosankha . Yendetsani ku Advanced> Zitetezo> Sungani Zitetezo> Zophatikiza Zanu> Imani .... Kuchokera ku "Dzina la fayilo" "gawo lawindo la Import , sankhani Maofesi a Zitetezo kuchoka pansi, kenako pezani ndi kutsegula fayilo ya PEM.

Kuti mulowetse fayilo ya PEM ku Firefox, tsatirani ndondomeko zomwezo zomwe mungatumizeko, koma sankhani Import ... mmalo mwachinsinsi ....

Java KeyStore

Onani chingwechi chakuthamanga kwadothi poitanitsa fayilo ya PEM kulowa mu Java KeyStore (JKS) ngati mukufuna kuchita zimenezo. Njira ina imene ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi cha keyutil.

Momwe mungasinthire fomu ya PEM

Mosiyana ndi mafomu ambiri a mafayilo omwe angathe kutembenuzidwa ndi chida chosinthira mafayilo kapena webusaitiyi , muyenera kulowa malamulo apadera motsutsana ndi pulojekiti inayake kuti mutembenuzire mafayilo a PEM ku mawonekedwe ena ambiri.

Sinthani PEM ku PPK ndi PuTTYGen. Sankhani Katundu kuchokera kumanja kwa pulogalamuyi, yongani mtundu wa fayilo kuti mukhale fayilo iliyonse (*. *), Kenako yang'anani ndi kutsegula fomu yanu ya PEM. Sankhani chinsinsi chachinsinsi kuti mupange file PPK.

Ndi OpenSSL (mutenge mawindo a Windows apa), mutha kusintha fomu ya PEM kuti PFX ndi lamulo ili:

openssl pkcs12 -inkey yourfile.pem -in yourfile.cert -export -yomwe mumakonda.pfx

Ngati muli ndi fayilo ya PEM yomwe imayenera kutembenuzidwa ku CRT, monga momwe zilili ndi Ubuntu, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo ili ndi OpenSSL:

openssl x509-mu mafayilo anu.pem -momwe mumapangidwe PEM -yomwe mumakonda.crt

OpenSSL imathandizanso kutembenuza .PEM kwa .P12 (PKCS # 12, kapena Standard Public Cryptography Standard # 12), koma onetsani "extension" fayilo kumapeto kwa fayilo musanayese lamulo ili:

openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey anufile.pem.txt -in yourfile.pem.txt -out yourfile.p12

Onani chingwe chokhuthala chadothi pamwamba pa kugwiritsa ntchito fayilo ya PEM ndi Java KeyStore ngati mukufuna kutembenuza fayilo ku JKS, kapena phunziro ili ku Oracle kuti mulowetse fayilo ku Java truststore.

Zambiri Zokhudza PEM

Chidziwitso cha chidziwitso cha mawonekedwe a Makalata Ovomerezeka a Makalata Ogwiritsira Ntchito Zomwe Mumakonda Kugwiritsa Ntchito Amagwiritsa Ntchito RSA-MD2 ndi RSA- MD5 uthenga wolemba kuti ufanane ndi uthenga pasanatumize, utatsimikiziranso kuti sunawonongeke panjira.

Kumayambiriro kwa fayilo ya PEM ndi mutu womwe ukuwerenga ----- YAMBANI [chilembo] ----- , ndipo mapeto a detayo ndi ofanana ndi awa: ----- END [label] - ----. Gawo la "[label]" likufotokozera uthenga, kotero likhoza kuwerenga PRIVATE KEY, CERTIFICATE REQUEST, kapena CERTIFICATE .

Pano pali chitsanzo:

----- YAMBA LAMTSERI MUNGAGWIRITSE ----- MIICdgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmAwggJcAgEAAoGBAMLgD0kAKDb5cFyP jbwNfR5CtewdXC + kMXAWD8DLxiTTvhMW7qVnlwOm36mZlszHKvsRf05lT4pegiFM 9z2j1OlaN + CI / X7NU22TNN6crYSiN77FjYJP464j876ndSxyD + rzys386T + 1r1aZ aggEdkj1TsSsv1zWIYKlPIjlvhuxAgMBAAECgYA0aH + T2Vf3WOPv8KdkcJg6gCRe yJKXOWgWRcicx / CUzOEsTxmFIDPLxqAWA3k7v0B + 3vjGw5Y9lycV / 5XqXNoQI14j y09iNsumds13u5AKkGdTJnZhQ7UKdoVHfuP44ZdOv / rJ5 / VD6F4zWywpe90pcbK + AWDVtusgGQBSieEl1QJBAOyVrUG5l2yoUBtd2zr / kiGm / DYyXlIthQO / A3 / LngDW 5 / ydGxVsT7lAVOgCsoT + 0L4efTh90PjzW8LPQrPBWVMCQQDS3h / FtYYd5lfz + FNL 9CEe1F1w9l8P749uNUD0g317zv1tatIqVCsQWHfVHNdVvfQ + vSFw38OORO00Xqs9 1GJrAkBkoXXEkxCZoy4PteheO / 8IWWLGGr6L7di6MzFl1lIqwT6D8L9oaV2vynFT DnKop0pa09Unhjyw57KMNmSE2SUJAkEArloTEzpgRmCq4IK2 / NpCeGdHS5uqRlbh 1VIa / xGps7EWQl5Mn8swQDel / YP3WGHTjfx7pgSegQfkyaRtGpZ9OQJAa9Vumj8m JAAtI0Bnga8hgQx7BhTQY4CadDxyiRGOGYhwUzYVCqkb2sbVRH9HnwUaJT7cWBY3 RnJdHOMXWem7 / yakumadzulo == ----- END LAMTSERI MUNGAGWIRITSE -----

Fayilo imodzi ya PEM ikhoza kukhala ndi zilembo zambiri, pomwe "END" ndi "BEGIN" zigawo zimayanjana.

Kodi Fayilo Lanu Silikutsegulidwa?

Chifukwa chimodzi chomwe fayilo yanu sichikutsegulira njira zomwe tafotokozazi ndikuti simukuchitadi ndi fayilo ya PEM. Mwinamwake mungakhale ndi fayilo yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kufalikira kwa mafayilo omwewo. Ngati zili choncho, palibe zofunikira kuti maofesi awiriwa azigwirizana kapena kuti azigwira ntchito limodzi ndi mapulogalamu omwewo.

Mwachitsanzo, PEF imawoneka mochititsa manyazi ngati PEM koma m'malo mwake ndi ya Pentax Raw Image mafomu mtundu kapena Portable Embosser Format. Tsatirani chiyanjanochi kuti muwone momwe mungatsegule kapena kusintha mawonekedwe a PEF, ngati ndizo zomwe muli nazo.

Ngati mukulimbana ndi fayilo yofunika, dziwani kuti sizomwe mafayilo amatha .ZIMAKHALA zili momwe zilili patsamba lino. Mwina m'malo mwake angakhale mafayilo a Key License Key pamene akulemba mapulogalamu monga LightWave, kapena mafayilo a Keynote Presentation opangidwa ndi Apple Keynote.

Ngati muli otsimikiza kuti muli ndi fayilo ya PEM koma muli ndi mavuto otseguka kapena mukugwiritsa ntchito, onani Pemphani Phindu Lambiri kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza kundilankhulana pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kapena kudzera pa imelo, kutumizira pazitukuko zothandizira, ndi zina. Ndiuzeni mavuto omwe muli nawo ndipo ndikuwona zomwe ndingathe kuti ndiwathandize.