Kuthamanga-ndi-waya ndi nsomba-mawu onse omwe angatanthauze machitidwe ambirimbiri a zamagetsi amene amachititsa kuti aziwonjezereka kapena atengere mwatsatanetsatane kayendetsedwe ka chikhalidwe. M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito zingwe, kuthamanga kwa magetsi, ndi njira zina zoperekera dalaivala molunjika, kuteteza thupi pa liwiro kapena kayendetsedwe ka galimoto, luso lamakina oyendetsa galimoto limagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta pofuna kuyambitsa mabasi, kuyendetsa kayendedwe, ndi kuyendetsa ena machitidwe.
Pali njira zitatu zoyendetsera galimoto zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawongolera ndi magetsi: kuthamanga, mabaki, ndi kuyendetsa. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira zothandizira x-by-waya, njirazi zimatchulidwa kuti:
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafakitale a Throttle
Njira yowonjezereka ya teknoloji ya waya ndi waya ndi yosavuta kupeza kuthengo ndi kugwiritsira ntchito makompyuta. Mosiyana ndi kayendetsedwe kake kamene kamagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopangidwa ndi magetsi, machitidwewa amagwiritsa ntchito makina osokoneza bongo komanso magetsi.
Magalimoto okhala ndi makompyuta oyendetsa mafuta akhala akugwiritsira ntchito masensa am'madzi kwa zaka zambiri. Makina amenewa amatanthauza makompyuta okhaokha. Mphuno yokha imakonzedwanso ndi chingwe chakuthupi. Mu magalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi (ETC), palibe mgwirizano weniweni pakati pa mpweya ndi mpweya. M'malo mwake, mpweyawu umatumiza chizindikiro chomwe chimayambitsa electromechanical actuator kuti chitsegule.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati njira yabwino kwambiri yotengera galimoto ndi waya, popeza ndi zophweka kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la mtundu umenewu ndi kapangidwe kowonongeka kopanda pake. Mofananamo kuti mphuno idzatsekedwa ngati makina a makina amtundu wa galimoto komanso galimotoyo idzachepetsereka ndi kuima, magetsi amatha kupangidwira kuti phokoso likhale lopanda ngati silikulandira chizindikiro kuchokera kumtengatenga .
Fakitale ndi Waya Technologies
Zipangizo zamakono zowonongeka zimawoneka ngati zoopsa kwambiri kuposa zamagetsi chifukwa chakuti zimachotsa kuchotsa pakati pa dalaivala ndi mabaki. Komabe, kuswa ndi waya kumakhala magetsi ambiri omwe amachokera ku electro-hydraulic to electromechanical, ndipo zonsezi zikhoza kupangidwa ndi safere-safes mu malingaliro.
Mabaki oyendera magetsi amagwiritsira ntchito kachipangizo kakang'ono komanso akapolo angapo. Dalaivala akamaponyera pansi pa phokoso lophwanyika, limagwiranso ntchito potsitsimutsa mbuye wake. Nthaŵi zambiri, kupanikizika kumeneku kumawonjezeredwa ndi zotupa kapena zowonjezera madzi. Kenaka amatha kupatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mizere yopsinkha yopita kumalo osweka kapena magudumu.
Ma anti-lock-freake systems anali oyambirira kutsogolo kwa matekinoloji amakono a waya, chifukwa analola kuti mabasi a galimoto azisunthidwa mosavuta popanda woyendetsa galimoto. Izi zimachitidwa ndi makina oyendetsa magetsi omwe amachititsa kuti mabakiteriya omwe alipo alipo, ndipo makina ena apamwamba otetezeka amangidwa pa maziko awa. Kulamulira kwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuntchito, kuyendetsa galimoto , komanso mawotchi opangidwa ndizitsulo zonse zimadalira ABS ndipo zimagwirizana ndi zipangizo zamakono zowonongeka.
Mu magalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ma electro-hydraulic-wire-wire, opangira magudumu alibe magetsi. Komabe, sizolumikizana mwachindunji ndi mthunzi wamtundu womwe umatsegulidwa mwa kukankhira pamsana wopha. Mmalo mwake, kukankhira pa phokoso lophwanyika kumatsegula chojambulira kapena mndandanda wa masensa. Njira yowonongeka imatsimikizira kuti mphamvu yowonongeka ikufunika bwanji pa gudumu lililonse ndipo imayambitsa makina osungunuka omwe amafunikira.
Mu mawotchi opangira ma electromechanical, palibe magwero a hydraulic konse. Njira zowonongeka zowonongekazi zimagwiritsabe ntchito masensa kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zowonongeka, koma mphamvuyo sichifalitsidwa kudzera m'magetsi a hydraulics. M'malo mwake, makina opanga ma electromechanical actuators amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa mabaki omwe ali pa gudumu lililonse.
Wowonongeka ndi Waya Technologies
Magalimoto ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito galasi ndi pinion kapena worm ndi magawo oyendetsa magalimoto omwe amagwirizana ndi gudumu. Pamene gudumu likuyendayenda, chombo ndi pinion kapena bolodi loyendetsa limatembenuzidwanso. Chigoba ndi pinion zingagwiritsire ntchito phokoso kumagulu a mpira pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo, ndipo bokosilo likhoza kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe ka mkono.
Mu magalimoto omwe ali ndi teknoloji yazing'ono, palibe kugwirizana kwapakati pakati pa gudumu ndi matayala. Ndipotu, kachitidwe ka waya kamakhala kosafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito magudumu oyendetsa konse. Pamene gudumu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, mtundu wina woyendetsa galimoto umagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupereka dalaivala ndi ndemanga.
Kodi Magalimoto Ati Ali ndi Chipangizo Chopanda Mafilimu?
Palibe magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto, koma anthu ambiri amapanga magalimoto omwe amayenera kulongosola. General Motors anawonetsa kayendetsedwe ka waya ndi 2003 ndi ndondomeko yake ya Hy-Wire, komanso lingaliro la Mazda la Ryuga linagwiritsanso ntchito luso lamakono mu 2007. Kutayira-waya kumapezeka mu zipangizo monga matrekta ndi mabasiketi, koma ngakhale magalimoto ndi magalimoto zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito makina amphamvu a magetsi zimakhalabe zogwirizana.
Kulamulira kwa magetsi kumakhala kofalikira kwambiri, ndipo zosiyanasiyana ndi zopangidwa ndi zitsanzo zimagwiritsa ntchito teknoloji. Manyowa amatha kupezeka mu mafano opangidwa, ndipo zitsanzo ziwiri za sayansiyi ndi Sensotronic ya Ford Controlled Brake ndi Mercedes Benz ya Toyota.
Kufufuza Zam'tsogolo za Drive-By-Wire
Kusamala zachitetezo kwapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zamakono zamakina oyendetsa galimoto. Machitidwe a mawotchi amatha ndipo amalephera, koma olamulira olamulira akuwawona kuti ndi odalirika kwambiri kuposa machitidwe apakompyuta. Machitidwe oyendetsa galimoto ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa ma control mechanic chifukwa chakuti ali ovuta kwambiri.
Komabe, tsogolo la makina opangira galimoto angayambitse zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa. Kutulutsidwa kwa makina opangidwira kukhoza kulola okonza kupanga kupanga magalimoto omwe ali osiyana kwambiri ndi magalimoto ndi magalimoto omwe ali panjira lero. Magalimoto otengera ngati Waya-waya amalola ngakhale kusungirako malo kuti azisuntha chifukwa palibe ma controls omwe amachititsa kuti dalaivala akhale.
Zipangizo zamakina opangira galimoto zingagwirizanenso ndi makina osayendetsa galimoto, omwe angalole kuti magalimoto azigwira ntchito patali kapena makompyuta. Ntchito zamakono zosayendetsa galimoto zimagwiritsa ntchito makina opanga magetsi kuti azitsatira kayendetsedwe kake, kayendedwe kachitsulo, ndi kuthamanga, zomwe zingakhale zosavuta pogwirizanitsa ndi makina opangira galimoto.