Kugwiritsira ntchito njira zamalonda kuti zitsimikizire kukweza kwa IT Asset
Kulingalira zoweta za IT ndizofunika kwambiri kwa aliyense wogwira ntchito zamakono. Ngakhale ziganizo zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi IT zimapangidwa ndi utsogoleri mu bungwe la IT, nthawi zambiri malingaliro a zatsopano kapena ntchito zatsopano zidzachokera kwa antchito a IT. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa mawu ndi njira zoyenera zokonzekera kuti agwire ntchito yatsopano. Ndi chinthu chimodzi chofunika kupempha kuti mutenge mawindo anu othandizira. Mwinamwake mukumva, "tidzayang'ana mu-blah blah blah". Mwinanso, nenani chinachake chonga "kusintha pulogalamu yathu yothandiza deskiti kudzapulumutsa IT $ 35,000 pachaka ndipo idzadzipindulitsa yokha m'zaka zitatu", mudzalandira yankho lolondola kwambiri kuchokera ku mayendedwe anu a IT. Ine ndikukhoza kukutsimikizirani inu za izo.
Nkhaniyi ikupatsani luso lofunikira kuti muwonetsetse ndikupanga chiwerengero cha malingaliro a IT omwe akufuna. Muyenera kumvetsetsa zofunikira zisanayambe kutsogolo kwakukulu mu njira zachuma. Penyani nkhani zamtsogolo zomwe ndikupereka njira zowunikira zowonjezereka zowonetsetsa kuti malonda a IT mu zipangizo kapena ntchito.
Basic IT Kufufuza Analysis Terminology
Capital Expenditure (CAPEX): Capital ndi mawu ogwiritsira ntchito kusiyanitsa kugula komwe kumakhala ndi moyo wothandiza kuposa chaka chimodzi. Mwachitsanzo, kampani ikagula laputopu kwa wogwira ntchito, zikuyembekezeredwa kuti laputopu idzakhala zaka 3 kapena 4. Owerengetsa ndalama amafuna mtundu uwu wa malonda a IT kuti awononge nthawi imeneyo m'malo molipidwa chaka chomwe chinagulidwa. Kampani nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ndondomeko yothandiza pamoyo wa zipangizo komanso ndalama zosachepera dola imodzi yogwiritsira ntchito ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, makina owononga $ 50 sangaganizedwe kukhala wamkulu.
Kuchulukitsa: Kutsika kwa njira ndi njira yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku IT investments. Mwachitsanzo, aganize kuti ndondomeko ya ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zimagwiritsa ntchito kuwonongeka kwa mzere wolunjika. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kutaya kwa chiwonongeko kudzakhala chimodzimodzi chaka chilichonse. Tiyerekeze kuti mumagula seva yatsopano $ 3,000 ndi moyo wodalirika wa zaka zitatu. Kusokonezeka pazomwe ndalama za IT zidzakhala $ 1,000 chaka chilichonse kwa zaka zitatu. Ndiko kutaya.
Kuyenda kwa ndalama: Kutsika kwa ndalama ndiko kuyenda kwa ndalama mkati ndi kunja kwa bizinesi. Muyenera kumvetsa kusiyana pakati pa ndalama ndi zinthu zopanda ndalama. Kawirikawiri, ndalama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera mtengo wa malonda a IT. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama ndi ndalama zomwe sizinali ndalama zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chuma chamtengo wapatali chilipiridwa kale koma mukufalitsa ndalamazo pa moyo wa chuma. Kugulidwa kwapachiyambi kwa ndalama za IT zikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndikutuluka kwa ndalama pamene mukuyesa ndalama.
Malipiro Otsatira: Izi ndi mlingo umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza pofuna kuti dera lero likhale lofunika kwambiri ndiye dola muzaka zisanu kapena zisanu. Kugwiritsira ntchito mlingo wotsika mu kafukufuku wa malingaliro a IT ndi njira yowonetsera madola amtsogolo potsata madola amakono. Mtengo wotsika womwewo ndi nkhani ya mabuku ambiri. Ngati mukufunadi mlingo wotsika mtengo wa kampani yanu, funsani deta yanu. Kupanda kutero, tigwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga 10% zomwe zimayimira kutsika mtengo komanso ndalama zomwe kampani ingapeze ndalama zomwe sizinayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zipangizo za IT. Ndiwo mtengo wamtengo wapatali.
Njira Zowonetsera Zoweta
Pali njira zambiri zothandizira kufufuza ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi IT. Zimadalira mtundu wa ndalama zomwe mukupanga komanso kukula kwa bungwe la IT pakuyesa kugula ndalama. Kukula kwa bungwe kungathandizenso. Koma kumbukirani ichi ndi chinthu chomwe sichimatenga nthawi yochuluka ndipo ngakhale mutagwira ntchito ya bungwe laling'ono mpaka laling'ono, kuyesayesa kudzayamikiridwa.
M'nkhani ino, tiyang'ana 2 njira zophweka zachuma za IT. Ndikukulimbikitsani kuti mugwiritse ntchito zonse pamodzi podziwa chithunzi chokwanira cha mtengo wa malingaliro a IT.
- Ndalama Yamtengo Wapatali
- Nthawi yobwezera
Ndalama Yamtengo Wapatali (NPV)
Ndalama Yamtengo Wapatali ndi njira yamalonda yomwe imayendetsa mndandanda wa ndalama pa nthawi ndikutsitsa aliyense pakalipano. Ndalama Yamtengo Wapatali imaganizira nthawi yamtengo wapatali wa ndalama. Ndizowoneka kuti muyang'ane ndalama zowonjezera ndi ndalama zowonjezera ndalama kwa zaka 3 mpaka zisanu ndikuwonetsa maukonde omwe amatha kutsika kuti chiwongolerocho chikhale chopanda mtengo umodzi. Ngati nambalayi ndi yabwino, ndiye kuti polojekitiyi idzawonjezera phindu ku bungwe ndipo ngati NPV ilibe, idzachepetsa mtengo. Mphamvu yeniyeni ya NPV kusanthula ndi kuyerekeza njira zina zopangira ma CR. NPV imapereka mtengo wapatali wa zochitika za malonda a IT ndipo wina yemwe ali ndi NPV wapamwamba nthawi zambiri amatengedwa m'njira zina.
Gawo lovuta la Net Present Value chiwerengero ndi nambala enieni yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pofufuza. Pa mbali yotuluka ya equation, mungagwiritse ntchito ndalama zonse za ndalamazo komanso ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pokonzanso ndalama. Gawo lolowera likhoza kukhala lovuta kuti lifike. Ngati malonda a IT akupanga ndalama zowonjezereka, izi ndi zabwino kwambiri ndipo mungagwiritse ntchito manambalawa pofufuza. Pamene mapulogalamu (kapena opindula) ali pamtundu wofewa omwe amatanthawuza kuti ali osasintha monga momwe amachitira nthawi, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kulingalira.
Zabwino zomwe mungachite ndi kulembera malingaliro ndikupita ndi matumbo anu. Tiyeni titenge chitsanzo pamene mumapanga ndalama za IT mu phukusi la mapulogalamu othandizira. Phindu la ndalama zoterozo ndilo kupulumutsidwa nthawi ndi antchito a IT komanso mwinamwake kukhutira kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito. Ngati mutengapo pulogalamu yamakono yothandizira pulogalamu yothandiza, mungasungire ndalama yosungirako pulogalamuyi. Muyenera kuthyola zolowera ndi zolowera kuti mupange kafukufuku wa Net Present Value (NPV) pazomwe mukufuna kupanga malonda a IT.
Zowonjezera: Zowonjezera kapena zopindulitsa zomwe zimachokera ku chiwembu cha IT zingakhale zovuta komanso zochepa. Nthaŵi zambiri, phindu la ndalama za IT zimapulumutsa nthawi, chisangalalo cha makasitomala kapena nambala zina "zofewa". Nawa zitsanzo zingapo za mavitamini.
- Zosungiritsa ndalama zosungidwa kuchokera pulogalamu ya pantchito
- Nthawi yosungidwa ndi antchito a IT chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu
- Zowonjezera ndalama
Zozizira: Zowonjezera zimakhala zosavuta kulingalira koma zina zingakhale zovomerezeka. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo za zolembera.
- Mtengo wa pulogalamuyi (ndalama zothandizira, etc.)
- Kusungirako
- Zowonjezera ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito
Chithunzi chachikulu chikuwonetsa kusanthula kwa ndalama za IT pogwiritsa ntchito Net Present Value (NPV). Excel imapangitsa kusanthula uku kukhala kosavuta. Iyenso ili ndi ntchito yowerengera NPV. Monga momwe mukuonera pa chithunzichi, ndayika zozizwitsa ndi zofikira pachaka ndikuwerengera NPV potsatira mlingo wotsika wa 10%.
- NPV Analysis: IT yopanga ma Screenshot (chithunzi chachikulu)
Nthawi yobwezera
Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa Period Period zikuwonetsera momwe IT imayendetsera nthawi yaitali kuti ipindule mtengo wa ndalama. Nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa zaka zambiri koma izi zimadalira nthawi yowunika. Nthawi yobwereka ikhoza kukhala yosavuta kuwerengera koma ndi zifukwa zosavuta. Pano pali ndondomeko yoti muwerengere nthawi Yowonjezera pa COMP Investment. Kawirikawiri, yofupikitsa nthawi ya Payback ndi yochepetsera phindu la IT.
[Ndalama za IT Investment] / [Ndalama Yakale Yopangidwa kuchokera ku IT Investment]
Tiyeni tiwone zochitika pamene mukugula pulogalamu ya e-malonda kwa $ 100,000. Ganizirani kuti pulogalamuyi ikuwonjezera ndalama zokwana $ 35,000 chaka chilichonse. Kuwerengera kwa nthawi ya nyengo kungakhale $ 100,000 / $ 35,000 = 2.86 zaka. Kotero, ndalama iyi idzadzipindulitsa yokha pa zaka ziwiri ndi miyezi khumi.
Pali zovuta zazikulu za kuwerengera nthawi yobwezera pogwiritsa ntchito zifukwa zosavuta kuziganizira. Zili zovuta kwambiri kuti ndalama zomwe zimachokera ku malonda a IT zidzakhala mofanana pa nthawi yaitali. Ndizomveka kwambiri kuti mtsinje wa ndalama ukhale wosagwirizana. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kuyang'ana kuwonjezeka kwa pachaka kwa ndalama mpaka ndalama zoyambirira za "IT" zikulipiridwa.
Taganizirani chitsanzo chomwecho chochokera kumwamba. Tiyeni tiganizire kuti chaka cha 1, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwongoladzanja cha ndalama kuchokera ku IT investment ndi $ 17,000. Pa zaka 2, 3, 4 ndi 5 ndi $ 29,000, $ 45,000, $ 51,000 ndi $ 33,000, motero. Ngakhale kuti kuwonjezeka kwapadera kwa ndalama za $ 35,000, nyengo ya Payback ndi yosiyana chifukwa cha ndalama zopanda malire zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku ndalamazi. Nthawi Yowonjezera mu chitsanzo ndi makamaka kwambiri ndiye zaka zitatu zomwe ndizitali kuposa chiwerengero choyambirira pogwiritsa ntchito. Kuyang'ana kuwonjezeka kwachulukidwe kwa ndalama, mukhoza kuona pamene ndalama zoyambirira zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu chitsanzo ichi, ingopeza kumene mtengo wa IT Investment ($ 100,000) ukuphimbidwa. Mutha kuona kuti zikuchitika pakati pa chaka cha 3 ndi chaka 4.
Kuwonjezeka Kowonjezera kwa Zolama:
- Chaka 1 - $ 17,000
- Chaka 2 - $ 46,000
- Chaka 3 - $ 91,000
- Chaka 4 - $ 142,000
- Chaka 5 - $ 175,000
Yang'anirani chitsanzo cha IT Investment Excel spreadsheet kuti mudziwe mwatsatanetsatane wa kuwerengera nthawi yobwezera.
IT Investment Proposal
Ngakhale kuti ziwerengero ndizofunikira mu kufufuza kwa malonda a IT, sizinthu zonse. Ndikukulimbikitsani kuti mugwirizane pokhapokha mutangotulutsa pepala lanu kapena kulemberana nawo zotsatira. Ganizirani za CFO yanu ngati omvetsera pamene mukukambirana zomwe mukuchita. Potsirizira pake, ngati angathe kumapeto kwa desiki yake.
Ndikukulimbikitsani kuti muyambe ndondomekoyi mwachifupikitso cha IT Investment (Capital) yomwe mukuiiikira ndikutsata mwachidule mwachidule m'mawu a zotsatira za kufufuza kwanu (pamodzi ndi kuwerengetsera mwachidule). Potsirizira pake, lolani kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane wa spreadsheet ndipo muli ndi luso la akatswiri lomwe bwana wanu adzayamikira.
Phukusi lanu la malonda la IT likhoza kukhala:
- Chidule: ndime kapena ziwiri zikufotokozera mwachidule malingaliro a IT omwe mukufuna.
- Kulungamitsidwa: ndime kapena ziwiri kufotokoza zotsatira za kusanthula kwanu pamodzi ndi njira yomwe mudagwiritsa ntchito (kuphatikizapo gome lachidule)
- Kusindikiza: kusindikiza koyera kwa Excel spreadsheet kusonyeza kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane
Chitsanzo cha Excel Spreadsheet
Chitsanzo cha Excel spreadsheet chili ndi mapepala atatu kuphatikizapo:
- Chidule
- Kuwerenga kwapafupi kwapadera (NPV)
- Kuwerengera kwa Malipiro
- KUYENERA KUKHALA ZOKHUDZA NTCHITO - Excel 97-2003 Version
Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza kuwonetseratu kwa IT, chonde nditumizireni imelo kapena post mu New Tech Forum.